서울고등법원 | 2018-02-13 | 2017나2021723
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당연면직처분 무효 확인 소송: 개정 인사규정 소급 적용 및 이중징계 여부
결과 요약
- 회사가 근로자에 대하여 한 당연면직처분은 무효임을 확인함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 피고 법인의 사무처장으로, 2014년 D 대회 입찰 과정에서 특정 업체에 유리하도록 평가표를 임의 변경함.
- 회사는 2014. 9. 18. 근로자에게 정직 1개월의 선행징계를 함.
- 근로자는 위 행위로 업무방해죄, 입찰방해죄, 문서손괴죄로 벌금 400만 원의 유죄판결을 선고받았고, 이는 대법원에서 확정됨.
- 회사는 2015. 10. 29. 근로자에게 취업규칙상 해고사유(직무 관련 300만 원 이상 벌금형)에 해당한다는 이유로 해고 처분(해당 해고)을 함.
- 해당 해고는 행정소송 및 민사소송에서 이중처벌금지 원칙 위배 등을 이유로 원고 승소 판결을 받음.
- 회사는 2017. 5. 2. 인사규정에 '재직기간 중 직무와 관련하여 배임, 뇌물수수, 횡령 등 죄를 범한 자로서 300만 원 이상의 벌금형을 선고받은 자'를 당연면직 사유로 추가하는 개정을 함.
- 회사는 2017. 10. 26. 개정 인사규정을 근거로 근로자에게 당연면직처분(해당 사안 당연면직)을 통보함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
개정 인사규정의 소급 적용 가능성
- 법리: 회사가 당연면직 사유를 규정하고 그 절차를 통상의 해고나 징계해고와 달리 하였더라도 근로자의 의사와 관계없이 사용자측에서 일방적으로 근로관계를 종료시키는 것이라면 성질상 해고로 봄. 징계권(징계사유)의 유무에 관한 결정은 징계가 근로자에게 불이익한 처분이므로 문제된 행위 시에 시행되던 구 취업규칙에 따라 행하여야 함.
- 판단: 해당 사안 당연면직 처분 사유인 '벌금 400만 원 유죄판결'은 2015. 9. 24. 발생하였으나, 개정 인사규정은 2017. 5. 2. 신설됨. 행위 시에 시행되지 않았던 개정 인사규정을 근로자에게 적용할 수 없으므로, 개정 인사규정을 근거로 한 해당 사안 당연면직은 무효임.
- 회사의 주장 및 법원의 판단: 회사는 개정 인사규정이 기존 규정의 유형화·세분화에 불과하여 불이익하지 않으므로 징계처분 시 규정을 적용해야 한다고 주장함. 그러나 개정 인사규정은 종전 횡령·배임죄로 국한되었던 면직 사유 해당 범죄의 범위를 확대하여 근로자의 경우(업무방해, 입찰방해, 문서손괴)에도 해당하게 되었으므로, 근로자에게 불이익한 처분에 해당함. 따라서 회사의 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1993. 10. 26. 선고 92다54210판결
- 대법원 1994. 12. 13. 선고 94다27960 판결
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 이 법원에서 교환적으로 변경된 청구에 따라, 피고가 2017. 10. 26. 원고에 대하여 한 당연면직처분은 무효임을 확인한다. 2. 소송총비용은 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \uc18c\uc1a1: \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc18c\uae09 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc774\uc911\uc9d5\uacc4 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ubc95\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb34\ucc98\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c, 2014\ub144 D \ub300\ud68c \uc785\ucc30 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815 \uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud3c9\uac00\ud45c\ub97c \uc784\uc758 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2014. 9. 18. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc9c1 1\uac1c\uc6d4\uc758 \uc120\ud589\uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc704 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc5c5\ubb34\ubc29\ud574\uc8c4, \uc785\ucc30\ubc29\ud574\uc8c4, \ubb38\uc11c\uc190\uad34\uc8c4\ub85c \ubc8c\uae08 400\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc758 \uc720\uc8c4\ud310\uacb0\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2015. 10. 29. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720(\uc9c1\ubb34 \uad00\ub828 300\ub9cc \uc6d0 \uc774\uc0c1 \ubc8c\uae08\ud615)\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud574\uace0 \ucc98\ubd84(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0)\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ud589\uc815\uc18c\uc1a1 \ubc0f \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc911\ucc98\ubc8c\uae08\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uce59 \uc704\ubc30 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0 \uc2b9\uc18c \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2017. 5. 2. \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 '\uc7ac\uc9c1\uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ubc30\uc784, \ub1cc\ubb3c\uc218\uc218, \ud6a1\ub839 \ub4f1 \uc8c4\ub97c \ubc94\ud55c \uc790\ub85c\uc11c 300\ub9cc \uc6d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubc8c\uae08\ud615\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc740 \uc790'\ub97c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ucd94\uac00\ud558\ub294 \uac1c\uc815\uc744 \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2017. 10. 26. \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1)\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc18c\uae09 \uc801\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc758 \ud574\uace0\ub098 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud558\uc600\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uce21\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uba74 \uc131\uc9c8\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \ubd04. \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c(\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720)\uc758 \uc720\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb38\uc81c\ub41c \ud589\uc704 \uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\ub358 \uad6c \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud589\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\uc778 '\ubc8c\uae08 400\ub9cc \uc6d0 \uc720\uc8c4\ud310\uacb0'\uc740 2015. 9. 24. \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc740 2017. 5. 2. \uc2e0\uc124\ub428. \ud589\uc704 \uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc2dc\ud589\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub358 \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ud55c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n- **\ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5 \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uae30\uc874 \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \uc720\ud615\ud654\u00b7\uc138\ubd84\ud654\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \uc2dc \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uac1c\uc815 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uc885\uc804 \ud6a1\ub839\u00b7\ubc30\uc784\uc8c4\ub85c \uad6d\ud55c\ub418\uc5c8\ub358 \uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720 \ud574\ub2f9 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ud655\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0(\uc5c5\ubb34\ubc29\ud574, \uc785\ucc30\ubc29\ud574, \ubb38\uc11c\uc190\uad34)\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 10. 26. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e454210\ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1994. 12. 13. \uc120\uace0 94\ub2e427960 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c\ub3c4 \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \ub4f1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc808\ucc28 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0 \uc774\ub978 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uba74, \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c51\uc870 \uc81c12\ud638\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c. \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc790, \ub3d9\uc77c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc2e0\uc124\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc81c\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud560 \uc758\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1995. 3. 24. \uc120\uace0 94\ub2e442082 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc774\uc911\uc9d5\uacc4 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc774\uc911\uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc120\ud589 \ucc98\ubd84\uacfc \ud6c4\ud589 \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc95\uc801 \uc131\uc9c8\uc0c1 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uace0, \uc120\ud589 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ucde8\uc18c\ub428\uc774 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\uac8c \ud655\uc815\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uadf8 \uc120\ud589 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uacfc \ud6c4\ud589 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud610\uc758\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \ubfd0 \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc774 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc120\ud589\uc9d5\uacc4(\uc815\uc9c1 1\uac1c\uc6d4)\uc640 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 'D \ub300\ud68c \uc785\ucc30 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud3c9\uac00\ud45c \uc784\uc758 \ubcc0\uacbd'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud568. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc740 \uc774\uc911\uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2000. 9. 29. \uc120\uace0 1999\ub45010902 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\ub9ac\ud558\uac8c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc758 \uc18c\uae09 \uc801\uc6a9\uc744 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uace0, \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28 \ud68c\ud53c\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1\uc758 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc911 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubc95\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac \uaddc\uc815 \uac1c\uc815 \uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud55c \ubcc0\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc18c\uae09 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc900\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc2e0\uc911\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
징계해고 절차를 거치지 않은 당연면직의 효력
- 법리: 어떠한 당연면직 사유가 동일하게 징계사유로도 규정되어 있음에도 불구하고 단체협약 등에서 정한 징계해고에 관한 절차 등을 거치지 않은 채 당연면직 처분에 이른 것이라면, 이는 근로기준법상의 해고제한 규정을 회피하려는 것으로서 무효임.
- 판단: 회사의 취업규칙 제51조 제12호는 해당 사안 당연면직 사유와 동일한 내용을 징계해고 사유로 규정하고 있음. 회사는 이전에 동일 사유로 근로자를 해고하였으나 부당해고 판결을 받자, 동일 내용을 당연면직 사유로 신설하여 다시 당연면직 처분을 함. 이는 근로기준법상 해고제한 규정을 회피할 의도에서 징계절차를 거치지 않은 것이므로 무효임.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1995. 3. 24. 선고 94다42082 판결
이중징계 해당 여부
- 법리: 이중징계에 해당하려면 선행 처분과 후행 처분이 모두 법적 성질상 징계처분이어야 하고, 선행 징계처분이 취소됨이 없이 유효하게 확정되어야 하며, 그 선행 징계처분과 후행 징계처분의 징계혐의사실이 동일하여야 함.
- 판단: 해당 사안 당연면직은 징계절차에 의하지 않았을 뿐 그 실질이 징계해고에 해당함. 해당 사안 선행징계(정직 1개월)와 해당 사안 당연면직은 근로자의 'D 대회 입찰 과정에서의 평가표 임의 변경'이라는 기본적 사실관계가 동일함. 따라서 해당 사안 당연면직