서울고등법원 | 2022-07-06 | 2021누37757
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
해고 통지 서면성 요건 충족 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자가 참가인에게 보낸 해고통지서가 근로기준법 제27조의 서면 통지 요건을 충족하는지 여부가 쟁점화되었음.
- 법원은 참가인이 이미 해고사유를 구체적으로 알고 있었고, 이에 대해 충분히 대응할 수 있는 상황이었으므로, 해고통지서에 해고사유가 축약되어 기재되었더라도 근로기준법 제27조를 위반한 것으로 볼 수 없다고 판단하여 근로자의 손을 들어줌.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2019. 6. 17. 참가인에게 징계사유(제1 내지 제4 사유)가 첨부된 인사위원회 출석통지서를 등기우편으로 보냄.
- 참가인은 2019. 6. 26. 인사위원회에 징계사유 모두를 다투는 서면진술서를 제출함.
- 인사위원회는 2019. 6. 26. 참가인에 대한 징계해고를 의결하고, 같은 날 징계사유가 구체적으로 기재된 징계의결서가 첨부된 징계처분사유설명서를 참가인에게 보냄.
- 참가인은 2019. 6. 28. 징계처분사유설명서를 수령한 후, 2019. 7. 1. 인사위원회에 재심신청서를 제출하였으나, 인사위원회는 같은 날 재심청구를 기각함.
- 근로자는 2019. 7. 2. 참가인에게 취업규칙 조항을 인용하여 해고통지서를 등기우편으로 보냄.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법 제27조의 해고 서면 통지 요건 충족 여부
- 근로기준법 제27조는 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지해야 효력이 있다고 규정하며, 이는 해고의 존부 및 사유를 명확히 하여 분쟁을 예방하고 근로자가 해고에 적절히 대응할 수 있도록 하기 위함임.
- 해고통지서에는 근로자의 입장에서 해고사유를 구체적으로 알 수 있도록 기재해야 하며, 특히 징계해고의 경우 실질적 사유가 되는 구체적 사실 또는 비위내용을 기재해야 함.
- 그러나 해고 대상자가 이미 해고사유를 구체적으로 알고 있고 충분히 대응할 수 있는 상황이었다면, 해고통지서에 징계사유를 축약해 기재했더라도 위 조항을 위반한 것으로 볼 수 없음.
- 법원은 참가인이 이미 구체적인 징계사유가 기재된 출석통지서와 징계의결서를 수령하여 해고사유를 알고 있었고, 이에 대해 서면진술서를 제출하여 대응한 사실이 있으므로, 해고통지서에 해고사유가 취업규칙 조문 등으로 다소 축약되어 작성되었더라도 근로기준법 제27조를 위반했다고 볼 수 없다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제27조(해고사유 등의 서면통지)
1. 사용자는 근로자를 해고하려면 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하여야 한다.
- 대법원 2022. 1. 14. 선고 2021두50642판결
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 피고보조참가인의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 피고보조참가인이 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc11c\uba74\uc131 \uc694\uac74 \ucda9\uc871 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \ucda9\uc871\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \uc7c1\uc810\ud654\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ucd95\uc57d\ub418\uc5b4 \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc190\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uc90c.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 6. 17. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720(\uc81c1 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc81c4 \uc0ac\uc720)\uac00 \ucca8\ubd80\ub41c \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ucd9c\uc11d\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\ub97c \ub4f1\uae30\uc6b0\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2019. 6. 26. \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \ubaa8\ub450\ub97c \ub2e4\ud22c\ub294 \uc11c\uba74\uc9c4\uc220\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud568.\n- \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2019. 6. 26. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\ub97c \uc758\uacb0\ud558\uace0, \uac19\uc740 \ub0a0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758\uacb0\uc11c\uac00 \ucca8\ubd80\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc0ac\uc720\uc124\uba85\uc11c\ub97c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2019. 6. 28. \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc0ac\uc720\uc124\uba85\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\ub839\ud55c \ud6c4, 2019. 7. 1. \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uac19\uc740 \ub0a0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 7. 2. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\ub97c \ub4f1\uae30\uc6b0\ud3b8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc694\uac74 \ucda9\uc871 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud574\uc57c \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc5ec \ubd84\uc7c1\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud558\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc801\uc808\ud788 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud568\uc784.\n- \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uae30\uc7ac\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \ub610\ub294 \ube44\uc704\ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uae30\uc7ac\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud574\uace0 \ub300\uc0c1\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ubbf8 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uace0 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74, \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \ucd95\uc57d\ud574 \uae30\uc7ac\ud588\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc704 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ubbf8 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \ucd9c\uc11d\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc640 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758\uacb0\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\ub839\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc11c\uba74\uc9c4\uc220\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \ub300\uc751\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc870\ubb38 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\uc18c \ucd95\uc57d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc791\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0)**\n1. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2022. 1. 14. \uc120\uace0 2021\ub45050642\ud310\uacb0\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubcd1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc6d0\uc7a5 R\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 AC\uc885\uad50\ub2e8\uccb4 \uad00\ub828 \ud589\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud588\uc73c\ub098 \ub300\ub2f5\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud588\uace0, \uc774\ud6c4 \ubcf4\uace0\ubc1b\uc740 \ud589\uc0ac\ub294 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\ubb38\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ub54c \ucc98\uc74c \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc99d\uc5b8\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad \uc2dc \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \ubc1d\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc18c\uba85 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc758\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc5d0\ub294 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uac74 \ucda9\uc871\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ubc29\uc5b4\uad8c\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uae30\uc7ac \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ub2e4\uc18c \ubd88\ucda9\ubd84\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28 \uc804\ubc18\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ub300\uc751\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uba70, \uae30\uc5c5\uc740 \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28 \uc804\ubc18\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uace0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc18c\uba85 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
참고사실
- 해당 사안 병원의 원장 R은 참가인이 AC종교단체 관련 행사에 대해 이야기했으나 대답을 회피했고, 이후 보고받은 행사는 없었으며, 해당 사안 공문은 징계위원회 때 처음 보았다고 증언함.
- 참가인은 재심신청 시 구체적인 재심사유를 밝히지 않았으며, 인사위원회는 참가인에게 소명 기회를 부여하지 않고 재심사유가 없는 것으로 결의함.
- 근로자의 취업규칙에는 재심절차에 관한 규정이 없음.
검토
- 본 판결은 근로기준법 제27조의 해고 서면 통지 의무가 형식적인 요건 충족을 넘어, 실질적으로 근로자가 해고사유를 인지하고 방어권을 행사할 기회가 주어졌는지 여부를 중요하게 판단하고 있음을 보여줌.
- 특히, 해고통지서 자체의 기재 내용이 다소 불충분하더라도, 해고 절차 전반을 통해 근로자가 해고사유를 충분히 인지하고 대응할 기회가 있었다면 서면 통지 의무를 위반하지 않은 것으로 볼 수 있다는 점을 명확히 함.
- 이는 해고 통지의 유효성 판단에 있어 절차적 정당성과 함께 실질적 인지 여부를 종합적으로 고려해야 함을 시사하며, 기업은 해고 절차 전반에 걸쳐 근로자에게 해고사유를 명확히 고지하고 소명 기회를 부여하는 것이 중요함을 강조함.