서울행정법원 | 2023-05-11 | 2022구합84789
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
법무법인 직원의 사용자성 및 해고의 적법성 판단
결과 요약
- 원고 법인이 참가인의 사용자임을 인정하고, 해당 사안 통보가 해고에 해당하며, 서면 통지 없는 해고는 위법하므로 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2004. 2. 27. 설립된 법무법인으로, 대표변호사는 E임.
- 참가인은 2019. 12. 23. 원고 소속 직원으로 등록되어 사무업무를 담당함.
- 2022. 4. 5. 근로자의 구성원 변호사이던 F가 참가인에게 사직을 구두 통보(해당 사안 통보)함.
- 참가인은 해당 사안 통보가 부당해고에 해당한다며 서울지방노동위원회에 구제 신청하였고, 2022. 6. 7. 위원회는 '근로자의 해당 해고는 절차가 위법하여 부당하다'는 이유로 참가인의 구제신청을 인용함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심 신청하였으나, 2022. 9. 2. 중앙노동위원회는 초심판정과 동일한 취지로 근로자의 재심신청을 기각함(해당 재심판정).
- 근로자는 해당 재심판정의 취소를 구하는 소를 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
본안전 항변 (근로자의 소제기 무효 주장)
- 근로자가 원고 본인에게 대리권을 수여하고 담당변호사를 지정한 행위는 무효이므로, 그에 기한 소제기 역시 무효라는 회사의 주장.
- 원고 대표자가 직접 소장을 제출하고 대표자로서 변론하였으므로, 위 소송행위는 당사자 본인인 근로자의 행위로 유효함.
- 법원은 회사의 본안전 항변을 기각함.
근로자가 참가인의 사용자인지 여부
- 쟁점: 원고 법인이 별산제로 운영되어 소속 직원은 각 변호사가 개별적으로 채용하는 구조이므로, 참가인에 대한 사용자는 근로자가 아니라 F 변호사라는 근로자의 주장.
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약 형식과 관계없이 실질적으로 근로자가 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단하며, 사용자를 판단함에 있어서도 계약 형식이나 관련 법규 내용에 관계없이 실질적인 근로관계를 기준으로 함.
- 판단:
- 참가인은 원고 명의로 작성된 채용공고를 보고 지원하였고, F가 실질적 운영자였던 점을 고려하면 F 개인이 아닌 근로자와 근로계약을 체결한 것으로 볼 수 있음.
- 참가인은 원고 소속 사무직원으로 G에 등록되어 있으며, 고용보험 역시 근로자의 근로자 자격으로 가입됨.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc131 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \ubc95\uc778\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2004. 2. 27. \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778\uc73c\ub85c, \ub300\ud45c\ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\ub294 E\uc784.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2019. 12. 23. \uc6d0\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \ub4f1\ub85d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud568.\n- 2022. 4. 5. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\uc774\ub358 F\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc744 \uad6c\ub450 \ud1b5\ubcf4(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4)\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uba70 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uace0, 2022. 6. 7. \uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 '\uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4'\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, 2022. 9. 2. \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ucd08\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud568(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 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\uad8c\uace0\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \ud1f4\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:** '\ud574\uace0'\ub780 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc778 E\uc774 F\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ud558\uc5ec \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub97c \ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud1b5\ubcf4 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc774\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc778 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc704 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ud558\uc5ec \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 3. 24. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub2e492148 \ud310\uacb0: \"'\ud574\uace0'\ub780 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870: \"\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778\uc758 \ubcc4\uc0b0\uc81c \uc6b4\uc601 \ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\uc2dc, \uae09\uc5ec \uc9c0\uae09 \uc8fc\uccb4, \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ub300\ud45c\ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\uc758 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub300\ud45c\ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815\uc5d0 \ud070 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc74c.\n- \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6c\ub450 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ub428. \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \ud655\uc778\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc90c."}
- 참가인은 F의 송무업무 외에도 원고 법인 전체의 회계 및 관리 업무를 수행하였고, F뿐만 아니라 다른 원고 소속 변호사들에게도 업무보고를 하거나 지시를 받음.
- F가 원고 지분을 E에게 양도한 후에도 참가인은 E로부터 지시를 받아 근로자의 법인회계 및 제반 관리 업무를 수행함.
- 참가인에 대한 급여는 근로자의 법인 계좌에서 지급되었고, 근로자는 F가 급여를 전적으로 부담했다는 객관적 자료를 제출하지 못함.
- E이 F로 하여금 해당 사안 통보를 하도록 요구한 것은 관례상 또는 법적 책임을 회피하기 위한 것으로 보일 뿐, 근로자가 사용자가 아니라고 볼 수 없음.
- 법원은 근로자가 참가인의 사용자에 해당한다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2020. 4. 29. 선고 2018다263519 판결: "근로기준법상의 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식과는 관계없이 실질에 있어서 근로자가 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단하여야 하고, 반대로 어떤 근로자에 대하여 누가 임금 및 퇴직금의 지급의무를 부담하는 사용자인가를 판단함에 있어서도 계약의 형식이나 관련 법규의 내용에 관계없이 실질적인 근로관계를 기준으로 하여야 한다."
해당 사안 통보가 해고에 해당하는지 여부
- 쟁점: 해당 사안 통보는 단순한 사직 권고에 불과하며, 참가인의 자발적 퇴사에 해당한다는 근로자의 주장.
- 법리: '해고'란 실제 사업장에서 불리는 명칭이나 절차에 관계없이 근로자의 의사에 반하여 사용자의 일방적 의사에 의하여 이루어지는 모든 근로계약관계의 종료를 의미함.
- 판단: