서울행정법원 | 2017-09-08 | 2017구합55695
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로기준법상 사업장 판단 기준: 복수 법인의 동일 사업장 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 부당휴직 및 부당해고 구제신청에 대한 재심판정 취소 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2001. 11. 26. 참가인에 입사하여 근무함.
- 참가인은 2015. 4. 30. 근로자에게 휴직명령을 내렸고, 2016. 5. 3. 복직 요청에 대해 같은 달 9.자로 당연퇴직 통보함.
- 근로자는 위 통보가 부당해고라고 주장하며 서울지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였으나, 참가인의 상시근로자 수가 5명 미만이고 참가인과 C 및 D을 하나의 사업장으로 볼 수 없다는 이유로 각하됨.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였으나, 동일한 이유로 기각됨(해당 재심판정).
- 근로자는 참가인, C, D이 실질적으로 동일한 사업장이라고 주장하며 해당 재심판정의 취소를 구함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 '사업장'의 동일성 판단 기준
- 법리: 근로기준법 제11조 제1항의 '사업'은 독자적인 인적·물적 자원을 가지고 경영상의 일체를 이루면서 유기적으로 운영되는 기업체 그 자체를 의미하며, '사업장'은 사업의 일부분으로서 업무·인사·회계를 독자적으로 수행하거나 독자성은 없지만 장소적으로 분리되어 있는 것을 의미함. 특정 법인이 독자적인 인적·물적 자원을 가지고 독자적인 사업을 영위하고 있는 이상, 그 법인의 사업을 다른 법인의 사업과 동일시하거나 다른 법인의 사업장에 불과한 것으로 보아서는 아니 됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 인적·물적 자원의 분리: 참가인과 C 및 D은 각자의 소속 직원을 구분하여 채용하고, 별도로 4대 보험에 가입하며, 각자 인사발령을 함. 서로 다른 사무소를 사용하고(동일 건물 내 분리된 호실), 자산이 명확히 분리되어 독립된 재무제표를 작성하고 법인세를 신고·납부하며, 각자의 외부감사를 받음. 근로자가 C로부터 급여를 받은 것은 단기적인 자금 차용으로 보이며, 직원의 전적이나 특정 회사 직원이 다른 회사 업무를 대행한 것은 각 회사의 인적·물적 자원이 독립되어 있지 않다고 볼 수 없음.
- 사업목적의 상이성: 참가인은 건축설계업을 영위하는 반면, C와 D은 토목, 건축공사업 등을 영위하여 동일한 사업을 영위하고 있지 않음.
- 대주주 및 특수관계인의 동일성: E와 특수관계인들이 참가인, C, D의 대주주로서 실질적인 최종 의사결정권을 가지고 공동 회의나 행사를 개최한 사실은 인정되나, 이는 '그룹경영'의 일환으로 각 계열사의 독자성을 부정할 근거가 되지 않음. 각 계열사는 각자의 책임으로 독립된 사업을 운영하며 위험부담과 손익귀속을 각자에게 귀속시키고 있음.
- 결론: 참가인은 C 및 D과는 독립된 인적·물적 자원을 가지고 독자적인 사업을 영위하고 있으므로, 참가인을 C 및 D과 동일시하거나 C 및 D의 사업장에 불과하다고 볼 수 없음. 따라서 근로자는 5명 이상의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 소속된 근로자에 해당하지 않아 근로기준법상 부당휴직명령 및 부당해고 구제신청의 대상이 아님.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900: \ubcf5\uc218 \ubc95\uc778\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud734\uc9c1 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \ucde8\uc18c \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2001. 11. 26. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2015. 4. 30. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud734\uc9c1\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\uace0, 2016. 5. 3. \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc694\uccad\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac19\uc740 \ub2ec 9.\uc790\ub85c \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc704 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0c1\uc2dc\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218\uac00 5\uba85 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc774\uace0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc C \ubc0f D\uc744 \ud558\ub098\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uac01\ud558\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uae30\uac01\ub428(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815).\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778, C, D\uc774 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc758 \ucde8\uc18c\ub97c \uad6c\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 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\ubc95\uc778\uc138\ub97c \uc2e0\uace0\u00b7\ub0a9\ubd80\ud558\uba70, \uac01\uc790\uc758 \uc678\ubd80\uac10\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc74c. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 C\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uac83\uc740 \ub2e8\uae30\uc801\uc778 \uc790\uae08 \ucc28\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc804\uc801\uc774\ub098 \ud2b9\uc815 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub300\ud589\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uac01 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc778\uc801\u00b7\ubb3c\uc801 \uc790\uc6d0\uc774 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uc0ac\uc5c5\ubaa9\uc801\uc758 \uc0c1\uc774\uc131**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uac74\ucd95\uc124\uacc4\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\ub294 \ubc18\uba74, C\uc640 D\uc740 \ud1a0\ubaa9, \uac74\ucd95\uacf5\uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc \ubc0f \ud2b9\uc218\uad00\uacc4\uc778\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131**: E\uc640 \ud2b9\uc218\uad00\uacc4\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778, C, D\uc758 \ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\ub85c\uc11c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uacf5\ub3d9 \ud68c\uc758\ub098 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \uac1c\ucd5c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub098, \uc774\ub294 '\uadf8\ub8f9\uacbd\uc601'\uc758 \uc77c\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uac01 \uacc4\uc5f4\uc0ac\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \uac01 \uacc4\uc5f4\uc0ac\ub294 \uac01\uc790\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uba70 \uc704\ud5d8\ubd80\ub2f4\uacfc \uc190\uc775\uadc0\uc18d\uc744 \uac01\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 C \ubc0f D\uacfc\ub294 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uc778\uc801\u00b7\ubb3c\uc801 \uc790\uc6d0\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 C \ubc0f D\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ud558\uac70\ub098 C \ubc0f D\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 5\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud734\uc9c1\uba85\ub839 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- E\ub294 1976\ub144 'F' \uac74\ucd95\uc0ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\ub97c \uc124\ub9bd \ud6c4 1978. 9. 20. C, 1985. 1. 14. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \uac01 \uc124\ub9bd\ud568. D\uc740 1996. 8. 24. 'G'\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098 2002\ub144 E\uc640 \ud2b9\uc218\uad00\uacc4\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uc218\ub418\uc5b4 D\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub428.\n- C\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac H\uc740 E\uc758 \ucc28\ub0a8, D\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac I\uc740 E\uc758 \uc7a5\ub0a8\uc784. E\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\ub0b4\uc774\uc0ac\uc774\uba70 \ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc784.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778, C, D\uc740 \uc11c\uc6b8 \uc601\ub4f1\ud3ec\uad6c J\uac74\ubb3c \ub0b4 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud638\uc2e4(1003\ud638, 1004\ud638, 611\ud638)\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70, \uc77c\ubd80 \uacf5\uac04(\ud0d5\ube44\uc2e4 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uacf5\uc720\ud568.\n- C \uc18c\uc18d \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 D\uc758 \uc6b4\uc804\uae30\uc0ac \ucc44\uc6a9\uacf5\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uac70\ub098, \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc9c1\uc6d0 \ucc44\uc6a9 \ubd88\ud569\uaca9 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud734\uc9c1 \uc911\uc778 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uae09\uc5ec\uba85\uc138\uc11c\ub97c \uc804\uc1a1\ud558\uace0, \uc5f0\ub9d0\uc815\uc0b0 \uc548\ub0b4\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1c\uc1a1\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub300\ud589 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- C\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9\ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac H \uc8fc\uad00\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uac00\uc778, C, D \uc18c\uc18d \uc784\uc9c1\uc6d0 \ud68c\uc758\uac00 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub418\uac70\ub098, \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc1a1\ub144\ud68c\uac00 \uac1c\ucd5c\ub41c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5'\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ubc95\uc778\uaca9 \ubd84\ub9ac\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc778\uc801\u00b7\ubb3c\uc801 \uc790\uc6d0\uc758 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131, \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubaa9\uc801\uc758 \uc0c1\uc774\uc131, \uacbd\uc601\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131**\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, **\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc \ubc0f \ud2b9\uc218\uad00\uacc4\uc778\uc758 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc774\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub300\ud589, \uacf5\ub3d9 \ud589\uc0ac \uac1c\ucd5c \ub4f1\uc740 '\uadf8\ub8f9\uacbd\uc601'\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uac01 \ubc95\uc778\uc758 \ub3c5\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c**\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc, **\uc678\ud615\uc0c1 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub41c \ubc95\uc778\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\uc601 \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9\uc758 \uc0ac\uac01\uc9c0\ub300\ub97c \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0**\ub85c \uc774\ud574\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ubcf8 \uc0ac\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제11조 제1항
참고사실
- E는 1976년 'F' 건축사사무소를 설립 후 1978. 9. 20. C, 1985. 1. 14. 참가인을 각 설립함. D은 1996. 8. 24. 'G'으로 설립되었으나 2002년 E와 특수관계인들에게 인수되어 D으로 변경됨.
- C의 공동대표이사 H은 E의 차남, D의 대표이사 I은 E의 장남임. E는 참가인의 사내이사이며 대주주임.
- 참가인, C, D은 서울 영등포구 J건물 내 다른 호실(1003호, 1004호, 611호)을 사용하며, 일부 공간(탕비실 등)을 공유함.
- C 소속 직원이 D의 운전기사 채용공고를 하거나, 참가인 직원 채용 불합격 통지를 하거나, 휴직 중인 근로자에게 급여명세서를 전송하고, 연말정산 안내문을 발송하는 등 일부 업무 대행 사실이 있음.
- C의 공동대표이사 H 주관으로 참가인, C, D 소속 임직원 회의가 개최되거나