서울중앙지방법원 | 2019-06-21 | 2017가합578554
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
사직 의사표시 철회 유효성 및 근로관계 종료 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 사직 의사표시는 합의해지의 청약으로 보며, 회사의 승낙 의사표시가 확정적으로 형성되기 전에 근로자가 유효하게 사직 의사표시를 철회하였다고 인정할 증거가 부족하여, 근로자와 피고 사이의 근로계약관계는 2016. 12. 1.자로 종료되었음.
- 따라서 근로자의 근로관계 존재 확인 청구는 기각됨.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2000. 5. 1. 회사에 입사하여 근무하다가 2016. 12. 1. 의원면직 처리된 자임.
- 근로자는 2016년 피고 강서지점 오토금융실에서 대리 직급으로 근무 중 고객과의 불화로 피고 본점 오토영업1팀으로 전보 조치됨.
- 근로자는 2016. 11. 16. 피고 본점으로 출근한 후, 사직 일자를 2016. 12. 1.자로 한 사직원을 작성하여 평소 친분이 있던 G 주임에게 맡겨두고 휴가를 떠남.
- 근로자의 사직원은 2016. 11. 21. 피고 인사총무팀 L 대리의 기안을 거쳐 2016. 11. 23. 피고 대표이사 M의 최종 승인이 마쳐짐.
- 회사의 인사규정 제48조는 직원이 퇴직하고자 할 경우 퇴직희망일 30일 이전까지 사직원을 소속부서장을 경유하여 인사부서에 제출하고, 회사의 승인이 있을 때까지 계속 업무에 종사해야 한다고 규정함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자의 사직 의사표시 존재 여부
- 근로자는 회사의 부당한 전보처분에 항의할 의사로 사직원을 작성하였고, 확정적으로 제출할 의사가 없었으며, 근로자의 의사에 반해 사직 처리가 이루어졌으므로 사직 의사표시가 존재하지 않는다고 주장함.
- 법원은 근로자가 사직 의사를 밝히며 사직원을 G 주임에게 맡겨두었고, 팀장 K이 근로자에게 사직을 만류하였으나 근로자의 사직 의지가 강했으며, G 주임이 당시 피고 직원들의 사직원을 수령하는 업무를 담당하고 있었던 점, 근로자가 사직일자에 맞춰 남은 연차를 모두 소진하는 휴가를 냈던 점 등을 종합하여 근로자에게 사직의 의사가 존재하였고, 소속 부서팀장 K을 통해 회사에게 그 의사를 분명히 표시하였다고 판단함.
해당 사안 사직원 제출행위의 성격 (해약고지 vs 합의해지 청약)
- 근로자는 사직 의사표시가 근로관계에 대한 합의해지의 청약에 해당하며, 회사의 승낙 의사표시가 있기 전에 철회하였다고 주장함.
- 법원은 회사의 인사규정 제48조가 사직원 제출 시 회사의 승인이 필요하다고 규정하고 있는 점, 근로자가 제출한 사직원에도 '승인하여 주시기 바랍니다'라고 기재되어 청약의 의사표시로 보이는 점, 근로자가 일방적인 전보 인사명령에 항의하는 차원에서 사직서를 제출한 것으로 보이는 점 등을 종합하여 근로자의 사직 의사표시는 근로관계에 대한 합의해지의 청약으로 봄이 타당하다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uac00 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc774\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ud569\uc758\uc2dc \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc77c\uc815\uae30\uac04 \uacbd\uacfc \ud6c4 \uc885\ub8cc\ud0a4\ub85c \uc57d\uc815\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec\ub3c4 \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\uc774\ub2e4.\n### \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\ud55c \ucca0\ud68c \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2016. 11. 21. \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac M \ubc0f \uc624\ud1a0\uc601\uc5c5\ud300 \ubcf8\ubd80\uc7a5 I\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.**\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 2016. 11. 23. \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac M\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ucd5c\uc885 \uc2b9\uc778\ub418\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0\uc758\uc0ac\uc758 \ud569\uce58\uac00 \uc788\uae30 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 M \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 2016. 11. 21. \uc810\uc2ec \uc2dd\uc0ac\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, M \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 2016. 11. 23. \uc0ac\uc9c1 \ud488\uc758\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc2b9\uc778\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc740 \ucca0\ud68c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc5b4\ub835\uac8c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 I \ubcf8\ubd80\uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \ucca0\ud68c \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1d\ud78c \uc77c\uc2dc\uac00 2016. 11. 23. \uc774\uc804\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, I\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\ub3c4 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 J \uc774\uc0ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc218\ub839\ud558\uace0, \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uac8c \uc9c0\uae09\ub41c \ud734\uc77c\uadfc\ubb34\uc218\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc5ec \ucd94\uac00\ubd84\uc744 \uc218\ub839\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \ucca0\ud68c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \uc774\uc758\ub294 \uc81c\uae30\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ubb34\ub835 \ud53c\uace0 \uc778\uc0ac\ucd1d\ubb34\ud300 \ud300\uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \"\ub0b4 \ubc1c\ub85c \ub098\uc628 \uc2ec\uc815\", \"\uc800\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud588\ub294\ub370 \ubb34\uc2a8 \ub0b4\ubd80\uace0\ubc1c\uc790\uc694\"\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubb38\uc790\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2016. 11. 29. \uae08\uc735\uac10\ub3c5\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ud53c\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uc784\uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc2e0\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud55c \uc790\uac00 \ucde8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2016. 12. 1.\uc790\ub85c \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\uc6d0\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ub41c \ud6c4 11\uac1c\uc6d4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub09c 2017. 11. 1.\uc5d0\uc11c\uc57c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc18c\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \ud569\uc758\ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \uccad\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc2b9\ub099\uc774 \uc788\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \ucca0\ud68c\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c\ub9cc \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \ucca0\ud68c\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\ucca0\ud68c \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uc785\uc99d \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870**\ud558\uba70, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uce5c\ubd84 \uc788\ub294 \ub3d9\ub8cc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc6d0\uc744 \ub9e1\uaca8\ub450\uac70\ub098, \ubaa8\ud638\ud55c \ub300\ud654\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucca0\ud68c \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ud6c4 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc218\ub839, \ucd94\uac00 \uc218\ub2f9 \uc694\uccad \ub4f1\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc640 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04 \uc18c \uc81c\uae30 \uc9c0\uc5f0, \ub0b4\ubd80\uace0\ubc1c \ub4f1\uc758 \uc815\ud669\uc740 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \ucca0\ud68c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 대법원 2000. 9. 5. 선고 99두8657 판결: 근로자가 사직원을 제출하여 근로계약관계의 해지를 청약하는 경우 그에 대한 사용자의 승낙의사가 형성되어 그 승낙의 의사표시가 근로자에게 도달하기 이전에는 그 의사표시를 철회할 수 있고, 다만 근로자의 사직 의사표시 철회가 사용자에게 예측할 수 없는 손해를 주는 등 신의칙에 반한다고 인정되는 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에 한하여 그 철회가 허용되지 않는다 할 것이나, 사직의 의사표시는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 당해 근로계약을 종료시키는 취지의 해약고지로 볼 것이고, 근로계약의 해지를 통고하는 사직의 의사표시가 사용자에게 도달한 이상 근로자로서는 사용자의 동의 없이는 비록 민법 제660조 소정의 기간이 경과하기 이전이라 하여도 사직의 의사표시를 철회할 수 없다.
- 대법원 1994. 8. 9. 선고 94다14629 판결: 근로자가 사직원을 제출하여 근로계약의 해지를 청약하는 경우 그에 대한 사용자의 승낙의사가 형성되어 그 승낙의 의사표시가 근로자에게 도달하기 이전에는 청약의 의사표시를 철회할 수 있으나, 근로자와 사용자가 근로계약을 해지시키기로 합의하였다면 합의시에 근로자의 근로계약해지의 청약의 의사표시에 대하여 사용자의 승낙의사가 확정적으로 형성·표