서울고등법원 | 2020-04-23 | 2019누40057
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
택시 운전기사 해고의 정당성 여부 및 당연퇴직 주장의 타당성
결과 요약
- 원고(회사)의 항소를 기각하고, 참가인(근로자)에 대한 해고가 부당함을 인용함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 참가인에게 2016. 12. 2. 승무정지, 2016. 12. 21. 승무정지 연장, 2016. 12. 29. 휴직을 명함.
- 참가인은 2017. 3. 3. 개선된 검사 결과를 제출하였으나, 근로자는 이를 복직 요건으로 인정하지 않음.
- 근로자는 참가인의 택시 운행 업무, 운전적성정밀검사 거부, 출근 및 귀사 시간 미준수 등을 징계 사유로 주장하며 해고함.
- 제1심은 근로자의 징계 사유 주장을 배척하고 해고가 부당하다고 판단함.
- 근로자는 항소심에서 참가인이 휴직 기간 경과 후 복직 신청을 하였으므로 당연면직 사유에 해당한다고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고의 정당성 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법 제23조 제1항에 따라 해고는 정당한 이유가 있어야 하며, 사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있는 경우에 해당하여야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 참가인의 택시 운행 업무는 배차표상 불가피한 측면이 있고, 해고 통지에 명시된 사유가 아님.
- 2016. 12. 20.자 특별검사 이후 참가인이 제출한 특별검사 결과 및 진료 결과는 안전운전 적격자에 해당함을 인정할 수 있음.
- 2017. 3. 3.자 특별검사 결과의 신빙성을 부정할 특별한 사정이 없고, 안과 질환으로 인한 안전운전 부적격자로 단정하기 어려움.
- 여러 차례 검사로 인한 학습 효과 주장은 동체시력 검사의 특성상 타당하지 않음.
- 출근 및 귀사 시간 미준수 주장은 구체적·객관적인 증거가 부족하며, 택시 운행 업무 특성상 귀사 지연이 불가피한 경우가 있음.
- 결론적으로, 근로자가 제출한 증거만으로는 해당 징계가 '사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있는 경우'에 해당한다고 보기 어려우므로 근로기준법 제23조 제1항 소정의 정당한 이유가 있다고 인정하기 어려움.
당연퇴직 주장의 타당성
- 법리: 사용자가 어떤 사유의 발생을 당연퇴직사유로 규정하고 그 절차를 징계해고와 달리 한 경우, 근로자의 사망이나 정년, 근로계약기간의 만료 등 근로관계의 자동소멸사유로 보여지는 경우를 제외하고는 이에 따른 당연퇴직처분은 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 제한을 받는 해고에 해당하며, 따라서 당연퇴직처분이 유효하려면 근로기준법 제23조 제1항 소정의 정당한 이유가 있어야 함 (대법원 1993. 10. 26. 선고 92다54210 판결 등 참조).
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ud0dd\uc2dc \uc6b4\uc804\uae30\uc0ac \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0(\ud68c\uc0ac)\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778(\uadfc\ub85c\uc790)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c 2016. 12. 2. \uc2b9\ubb34\uc815\uc9c0, 2016. 12. 21. \uc2b9\ubb34\uc815\uc9c0 \uc5f0\uc7a5, 2016. 12. 29. \ud734\uc9c1\uc744 \uba85\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2017. 3. 3. \uac1c\uc120\ub41c \uac80\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc694\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud0dd\uc2dc \uc6b4\ud589 \uc5c5\ubb34, \uc6b4\uc804\uc801\uc131\uc815\ubc00\uac80\uc0ac \uac70\ubd80, \ucd9c\uadfc \ubc0f \uadc0\uc0ac \uc2dc\uac04 \ubbf8\uc900\uc218 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ud574\uace0\ud568.\n- \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ud734\uc9c1 \uae30\uac04 \uacbd\uacfc \ud6c4 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ub2f9\uc5f0\uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud0dd\uc2dc \uc6b4\ud589 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub294 \ubc30\ucc28\ud45c\uc0c1 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\uace0, \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- 2016. 12. 20.\uc790 \ud2b9\ubcc4\uac80\uc0ac \uc774\ud6c4 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\uac80\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc \ubc0f \uc9c4\ub8cc \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc548\uc804\uc6b4\uc804 \uc801\uaca9\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- 2017. 3. 3.\uc790 \ud2b9\ubcc4\uac80\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc548\uacfc \uc9c8\ud658\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc548\uc804\uc6b4\uc804 \ubd80\uc801\uaca9\uc790\ub85c \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc28\ub840 \uac80\uc0ac\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud559\uc2b5 \ud6a8\uacfc \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ub3d9\uccb4\uc2dc\ub825 \uac80\uc0ac\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ucd9c\uadfc \ubc0f \uadc0\uc0ac \uc2dc\uac04 \ubbf8\uc900\uc218 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\u00b7\uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \ud0dd\uc2dc \uc6b4\ud589 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \uadc0\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\uac00 '\uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.**\n### \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc744 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc640 \ub2ec\ub9ac \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\ub9dd\uc774\ub098 \uc815\ub144, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc758 \ub9cc\ub8cc \ub4f1 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc790\ub3d9\uc18c\uba78\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc9c0\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568 (\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 10. 26. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e454210 \ud310\uacb0 \ub4f1 \ucc38\uc870).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc774 \ub41c \uac83\uc784\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc55e\uc11c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub3c4 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0, \ud734\uc9c1, \uc815\uc9c1, \uc804\uc9c1, \uac10\ubd09, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc9d5\ubc8c\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 10. 26. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e454210 \ud310\uacb0**: \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud560 \ub54c, \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc774\ub098 \uc0ac\uaddc\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc0ac\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ubc1b\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4 \uc9c0\uc18d \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\uc720\ub4e4\uc774 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70\ub85c \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uac70\ub098, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815, \ub610\ub294 \uac80\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc778\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uce21\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \ud07c.\n- \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc18c\uba78 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc694\uad6c\ub41c\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ub2f9\uc5f0\ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84 \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ud6a8\uacfc\uac00 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 법원의 판단:
- 참가인이 단체협약에 따라 당연퇴직이 된 것임을 전제로 하는 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
- 앞서 판단한 바와 같이 해당 징계가 정당한 이유가 없으므로, 당연퇴직 주장도 받아들일 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제23조 제1항: 사용자는 근로자에게 정당한 이유 없이 해고, 휴직, 정직, 전직, 감봉, 그 밖의 징벌을 하지 못한다.
- 대법원 1993. 10. 26. 선고 92다54210 판결: 당연퇴직처분은 근로기준법 제23조 소정의 제한을 받는 해고에 해당하며, 정당한 이유가 있어야 함.
검토
- 본 판결은 회사가 근로자를 해고하거나 당연퇴직 처리할 때, 단체협약이나 사규에 명시된 사유만으로 정당성을 인정받기 어렵다는 점을 명확히 함. 특히, 근로기준법상 해고의 정당한 이유가 있는지 여부를 사회통념상 고용관계 지속 가능성이라는 관점에서 엄격하게 판단하고 있음을 보여줌.
- 회사가 주장하는 징계 사유들이 객관적인 증거로 뒷받침되지 않거나, 근로자의 불가피한 사정, 또는 검사 결과의 신뢰성 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 해고의 정당성을 부인한 점은 근로자 보호의 측면에서 의미가 큼.
- 당연퇴직 규정이 있더라도, 근로관계 자동 소멸 사유가 아닌 한 해고와 동일하게 정당한 이유가 요구된다는 기존 판례의 입