서울행정법원 | 2020-06-12 | 2019구합57404
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직위해제 처분 취소 소송: 수사 개시 시점의 판단
결과 요약
- 회사가 근로자에게 내린 직위해제 처분을 취소함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2015. 4. 8.부터 피고 소속 B연구원장으로 근무함.
- 2018. 8.경 국무조정실 공직복무관리관실 정부합동공직복무점검단이 근로자의 비위혐의를 적발, 2018. 8. 29. 회사에게 통보함.
- 회사는 2018. 9. 3. 울산지방경찰청에 근로자를 수사의뢰함.
- 회사는 해당 사안 수사의뢰 다음 날인 2018. 9. 4. 근로자가 구 국가공무원법 제73조의3 제1항 제6호에 해당한다는 이유로 직위해제 처분함.
- 근로자는 2018. 9. 14. 인사혁신처 소청심사위원회에 소청심사를 청구하였으나, 2018. 12. 3. 기각됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
직위해제 처분의 절차상 위법 여부
- 법리: 구 국가공무원법 제75조 제1항의 처분사유 설명서 교부가 직위해제 처분의 효력발생 요건이 아니며, 인사발령 통지서에 법적 근거를 명시하고 처분 경위를 충분히 알 수 있었다면 절차상 하자로 보기 어려움.
- 판단: 회사가 인사발령 통지서에 구 국가공무원법 제73조의3 제1항 제6호를 명시하였고, 근로자가 처분 전 국무조정실 조사 및 피고 소속 조사담당관실 면담을 통해 처분 경위를 충분히 알 수 있었으므로, 절차상 하자가 있다고 보기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1991. 12. 24. 선고 90누1007 판결
- 구 국가공무원법 제75조 제1항: "징계처분을 하였을 때에는 그 처분서에 그 처분 사유를 명시하여야 한다."
직위해제 처분의 실체상 위법 여부 (수사 개시 시점)
- 법리: 구 국가공무원법 제73조의3 제1항 제6호는 '감사원 및 검찰·경찰 등 수사기관에서 조사나 수사 중인 자'를 직위해제 대상으로 규정하며, 수사기관의 수사는 고소·고발 접수, 범죄인지서 작성, 사건수리 절차 등을 거쳐 개시됨. 수사의뢰만으로 수사가 개시되는 것은 아님.
- 판단: 해당 처분일(2018. 9. 4.) 이전에 국무조정실이나 피고 소속 조사담당관실은 위 규정에서 정한 '감사원' 또는 '검찰·경찰 등 수사기관'으로 볼 수 없음. 울산지방경찰청의 수사개시 통보서에 기재된 수사개시일은 2018. 9. 6.이므로, 해당 처분 당시 근로자는 수사기관에서 수사 중인 자에 해당하지 않음. 따라서 해당 사안 직위해제 처분은 위법함.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 피고가 2018. 9. 4. 원고에 대하여 한 직위해제 처분을 취소한다. 2. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84 \ucde8\uc18c \uc18c\uc1a1: \uc218\uc0ac \uac1c\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2015. 4. 8.\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d B\uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- 2018. 8.\uacbd \uad6d\ubb34\uc870\uc815\uc2e4 \uacf5\uc9c1\ubcf5\ubb34\uad00\ub9ac\uad00\uc2e4 \uc815\ubd80\ud569\ub3d9\uacf5\uc9c1\ubcf5\ubb34\uc810\uac80\ub2e8\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud610\uc758\ub97c \uc801\ubc1c, 2018. 8. 29. \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2018. 9. 3. \uc6b8\uc0b0\uc9c0\ubc29\uacbd\ucc30\uccad\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc218\uc0ac\uc758\ub8b0\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc218\uc0ac\uc758\ub8b0 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0a0\uc778 2018. 9. 4. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c73\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c6\ud638\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 9. 14. \uc778\uc0ac\ud601\uc2e0\ucc98 \uc18c\uccad\uc2ec\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc18c\uccad\uc2ec\uc0ac\ub97c \uccad\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, 2018. 12. 3. \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \uc704\ubc95 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c75\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc758 \ucc98\ubd84\uc0ac\uc720 \uc124\uba85\uc11c \uad50\ubd80\uac00 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\ubc1c\uc0dd \uc694\uac74\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uba70, \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ubc95\uc801 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ucc98\ubd84 \uacbd\uc704\ub97c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c73\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c6\ud638\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc804 \uad6d\ubb34\uc870\uc815\uc2e4 \uc870\uc0ac \ubc0f \ud53c\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uc870\uc0ac\ub2f4\ub2f9\uad00\uc2e4 \uba74\ub2f4\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ucc98\ubd84 \uacbd\uc704\ub97c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1991. 12. 24. \uc120\uace0 90\ub2041007 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c75\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \ucc98\ubd84\uc11c\uc5d0 \uadf8 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n### \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc2e4\uccb4\uc0c1 \uc704\ubc95 \uc5ec\ubd80 (\uc218\uc0ac \uac1c\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc810)\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c73\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c6\ud638\ub294 '\uac10\uc0ac\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uac80\ucc30\u00b7\uacbd\ucc30 \ub4f1 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc0ac\ub098 \uc218\uc0ac \uc911\uc778 \uc790'\ub97c \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ub300\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uba70, \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\ub294 \uace0\uc18c\u00b7\uace0\ubc1c \uc811\uc218, \ubc94\uc8c4\uc778\uc9c0\uc11c \uc791\uc131, \uc0ac\uac74\uc218\ub9ac \uc808\ucc28 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub428. \uc218\uc0ac\uc758\ub8b0\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc218\uc0ac\uac00 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84\uc77c(2018. 9. 4.) \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uad6d\ubb34\uc870\uc815\uc2e4\uc774\ub098 \ud53c\uace0 \uc18c\uc18d \uc870\uc0ac\ub2f4\ub2f9\uad00\uc2e4\uc740 \uc704 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c '\uac10\uc0ac\uc6d0' \ub610\ub294 '\uac80\ucc30\u00b7\uacbd\ucc30 \ub4f1 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00'\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uc6b8\uc0b0\uc9c0\ubc29\uacbd\ucc30\uccad\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\uac1c\uc2dc \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc11c\uc5d0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uc218\uc0ac\uac1c\uc2dc\uc77c\uc740 2018. 9. 6.\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc0ac \uc911\uc778 \uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c73\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c6\ud638: \"\uae08\ud488 \ube44\uc704, \uc131\ubc94\uc8c4 \ub4f1 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uac10\uc0ac\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uac80\ucc30\u00b7\uacbd\ucc30 \ub4f1 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\uc0ac\ub098 \uc218\uc0ac \uc911\uc778 \uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ube44\uc704\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \uc911\ub300\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc218\ud589\uc744 \uae30\ub300\ud558\uae30 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b4 \uc790\"\n- \uad6c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c83\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d: \"\uac10\uc0ac\uc6d0\uacfc \uac80\ucc30\u00b7\uacbd\ucc30 \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc774 \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc870\uc0ac\ub098 \uc218\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2dc\uc791\ud55c \ub54c\uc640 \uc774\ub97c \ub9c8\uce5c \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 10\uc77c \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc18d \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n- \uacbd\ucc30\uccad \ubc94\uc8c4\uc218\uc0ac\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c41\uc870: \"\uc0ac\ubc95\uacbd\ucc30\uad00\uc740 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc0ac\ub97c \uac1c\uc2dc\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c83\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcc4\uc9c0 2 \uae30\uc7ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \"\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc94\uc8c4\uc218\uc0ac\uac1c\uc2dc \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc11c\"\ub77c\ub294 \uc11c\uc2dd\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\ub2f9 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc18c\uc18d\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc7a5\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \uc694\uac74 \uc911 '\uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc5d0\uc11c \uc218\uc0ac \uc911\uc778 \uc790'\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uc218\uc0ac\uc758\ub8b0\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc218\uc0ac\uac00 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uacf5\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc0ac \uac1c\uc2dc \uc808\ucc28(\uc608: \uc218\uc0ac\uac1c\uc2dc \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\uac1c\uc2dc\uc77c)\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c\uac00 \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\ub294 \ucc98\ubd84\uc784\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uadf8 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud574\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\uc758\ub8b0 \uc2dc\uc810\uacfc \uc2e4\uc81c \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac \uac1c\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc810 \uac04\uc758 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc9c1\uc704\ud574\uc81c \ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uacb0\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc74c."}
- 구 국가공무원법 제73조의3 제1항 제6호: "금품 비위, 성범죄 등 대통령령으로 정하는 비위행위로 인하여 감사원 및 검찰·경찰 등 수사기관에서 조사나 수사 중인 자로서 비위의 정도가 중대하고 이로 인하여 정상적인 업무수행을 기대하기 현저히 어려운 자"
- 구 국가공무원법 제83조 제3항: "감사원과 검찰·경찰 그 밖의 수사기관이 국가공무원의 비위행위에 대하여 조사나 수사를 시작한 때와 이를 마친 때에는 10일 내에 소속 기관의 장에게 그 사실을 통보하여야 한다."
- 경찰청 범죄수사규칙 제41조: "사법경찰관은 공무원에 대하여 수사를 개시한 경우에는 국가공무원법 제83조 제3항 등에 따라 별지 2 기재와 같은 "공무원범죄수사개시 통보서"라는 서식을 작성하여 해당 공무원의 소속기관의 장에게 통지하여야 한다."
검토
- 본 판결은 공무원 직위해제 요건 중 '수사기관에서 수사 중인 자'의 의미를 명확히 함. 단순히 수사의뢰가 있었다는 사실만으로는 수사가 개시된 것으로 볼 수 없으며, 수사기관의 공식적인 수사 개시 절차(예: 수사개시 통보서의 수사개시일)가 중요함을 강조함.
- 이는 공무원의 직위해제가 공무원에게 중대한 불이익을 초래하는 처분임을 고려할 때, 그 요건을 엄격하게 해석해야 한다는 원칙을 재확인한 것으로 보임.
- 회사의 수사의뢰 시점과 실제 수사기관의 수사 개시 시점 간의 차이가 직위해제 처분의 적법성 판단에 결정적인 영향을 미쳤음.