서울행정법원 | 2020-12-15 | 2019구합88842
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
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노동조합 활동을 이유로 한 배차 차별은 부당노동행위
결과 요약
- 근로자의 이 사건 배차조치는 부당노동행위에 해당하며, 재심판정은 적법하다는 이유로 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 여객 자동차운송사업을 영위하는 법인임.
- 참가인은 원고 소속 근로자 13명으로 구성된 기업단위 노동조합임.
- 원고 내에는 참가인 외에 'D지회'가 있으며, D지회는 교섭대표노동조합으로 확정됨.
- 근로자는 2019. 5. 1.부터 교섭대표노동조합에 가입한 근로자들에게는 단체협약으로 정한 월 소정 노동일수인 22일을 초과하여 배차하였으나, 참가인에 가입한 근로자들에게는 22일만을 배차함(이 사건 배차조치).
- 참가인은 이 사건 배차조치가 불이익 취급 및 지배·개입의 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 주장하며 경남지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였으나 기각됨.
- 참가인은 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였고, 중앙노동위원회는 이 사건 배차조치가 부당노동행위임을 인정하는 재심판정을 내림.
- 근로자는 해당 재심판정의 취소를 구하는 소송을 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
불이익 취급의 부당노동행위 해당 여부
- 법리: 노동조합법 제81조 제1호는 근로자가 노동조합의 업무를 위한 정당한 행위를 한 것을 이유로 그 근로자에게 불이익을 주는 행위를 부당노동행위로 규정함. 사용자의 부당노동행위 의사는 모든 사정을 종합적으로 심리 검토하여 판단해야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 이 사건 배차조치는 단순히 개별적 근로관계에 대한 것이 아니라 노동조합행위에 대한 것으로 봄이 상당함.
- 참가인의 2019. 4. 25. 기자회견(임금 지급유예 부동의, 즉시 지급 및 고소 계획 발표) 직후 이 사건 배차조치가 이루어졌고, 이는 노동조합 활동의 일환임.
- 근로자는 교섭대표노동조합 지회장으로부터만 임금 지급유예 동의서를 받았고, 개별 근로자들로부터는 받지 않음.
- 참가인 소속 근로자들은 임금 지급유예에 동의하는 교섭대표노동조합의 활동방향에 동의할 수 없어 소속 노동조합을 변경하고 기자회견을 한 것으로 보임.
- 근로자는 참가인 소속 조합원들에게만 22일을 초과한 배차를 금지하였고, 다른 근로자들에게는 추가배차를 허용하여 차별함.
- 근로자는 참가인의 기자회견 후 일방적으로 이 사건 배차조치를 강행하였으며, 추가배차가 어려움을 미리 고지하거나 의사를 확인한 적이 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제12부 판결
사건: 2019구합88842 부당노동행위구제재심판정취소 원고: A 주식회사 소송대리인 법무법인 모든 담당변호사 김상용 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 소송대리인 법무법인 로텍 담당변호사 강영태 피고보조참가인: B지부 변론종결: 2020. 9. 24. 판결선고: 2020. 12. 15.
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 원고는 1965. 4. 13. 설립되어 상시 215명의 근로자를 사용하여 여객 자동차운송사업을 영위하는 법인이다. 나. 참가인은 2017. 10. 17. 원고에 종사하는 근로자를 조직대상으로 하여 설립된 기업단위 노동조합이고, 원고 소속 근로자 13명이 가입하여 활동하고 있다. 원고 내에는 참가인 외에도 'D지회'가 있고, 위 노동조합은 2017. 12. 초순경 교섭창구 단일화 절차에서 교섭대표노동조합으로 확정되었다(이하 '교섭대표노동조합'). 다. 원고는 2019. 5. 1.부터 교섭대표노동조합에 가입한 근로자들에게는 단체협약으로 정한 월 소정 노동일수인 22일을 초과하여 배차하였으나 참가인
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\uc6d0(\ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc6d4 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc784\uae08 \ub300\ube44 \uc57d 30%)\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc6d4 \ucd5c\ub300 8~9\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucd94\uac00\ubc30\ucc28\ub97c \ud558\uba74\uc11c \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ucd94\uac00\ubc30\ucc28\ub97c \uc804\ud600 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0a8.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uccb4\ubd88\uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a4\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc\uc758 \uc5ed\ucc28\ubcc4 \ubb38\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc0dd\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc29\uc548\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ucd94\uac00\ubc30\ucc28\ub97c \uc804\uba74 \uae08\uc9c0\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc758\uc0ac\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \ucd94\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2007. 11. 15. \uc120\uace0 2005\ub4504120 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c4\ud638\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc774\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uae08\uc9c0\ud568. \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud589\uc704 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uc0c1\ud669, \uc2dc\uc810, \uc7a5\uc18c, \ubc29\ubc95 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc601\ud5a5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba74 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uba70, \ub2e8\uacb0\uad8c \uce68\ud574 \uacb0\uacfc \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc740 \ud544\uc218\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ub460\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc720\uc608\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc758\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uacac\uc9c0\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc758\ub3c4\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ube44\ub85d \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc30\ucc28\uc870\uce58 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc774\ud0c8\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ub2e8\uacb0\uad8c \uce68\ud574 \uacb0\uacfc\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc30\ucc28\uc870\uce58\ub294 \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c4\ud638\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 9. 8. \uc120\uace0 2006\ub3c4388 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \ucde8\uae09\uc774 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc720\uc608\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \ubc30\ucc28 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774 \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \ucde8\uae09 \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc758 \uc790\uc720\ub97c \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9d0.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uc5ec, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc790\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc601\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc704\ucd95\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 이 사건 배차조치는 합리적 범위를 벗어난 과도한 차별적 취급임.
- 체불임금 지급 요청은 근로자의 정당한 권리이며, 이를 이유로 한 불이익은 허용되지 않음.
- 참가인 소속 근로자들과 다른 근로자들 간 월 평균 임금 차이가 약 74만 원(참가인 소속 근로자 월 평균 임금 대비 약 30%)으로 상당함.
- 근로자는 다른 근로자들에게 월 최대 8~9일까지 추가배차를 하면서 참가인 소속 근로자들에게는 추가배차를 전혀 하지 않아 차별의 정도가 합리적인 범위를 벗어남.
- 근로자는 참가인 소속 근로자들에 대해 체불임금을 발생시키지 않고 다른 근로자들과의 역차별 문제도 생기지 않을 수 있는 방안이 존재함에도 추가배차를 전면 금지함.
- 근로자의 부당노동행위 의사는 충분히 추정되며, 근로자의 경영상 판단이라는 주장은 이를 뒤집기 어려움.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제81조 제1호
- 대법원 2007. 11. 15. 선고 2005두4120 판결
지배·개입의 부당노동행위 해당 여부
- 법리: 노동조합법 제81조 제4호는 사용자가 근로자에 의한 노동조합의 조직 또는 운영을 지배하거나 이에 개입하는 행위를 부당노동행위로 금지함. 사용자의 행위 내용, 상황, 시점, 장소, 방법 및 노동조합 활동에 미칠 영향 등을 종합하여 실질적으로 지배·개입 의사가 인정되면 부당노동행위가 성립하며, 단결권 침해 결과 발생은 필수가 아님.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 참가인 소속 근로자들과