부산지방법원 | 2021-11-19 | 2021나41624(본소),2021나41631(반소)
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
아파트 입주자대표회장의 부당해고 및 모욕 행위로 인한 손해배상 책임 인정
결과 요약
- 원고(반소피고)의 본소 및 반소에 관한 항소를 모두 기각하고, 항소비용은 원고(반소피고)가 부담함.
사실관계
- 회사는 공동주택관리법에 근거하여 설립된 아파트의 자치 의결기구이며, 근로자는 2017. 7.경부터 2019. 6.경까지 회사의 대표자인 회장으로 재직함.
- 경비원 D는 2015. 1. 11.부터 아파트 경비원으로 근무하며 약 6개월 단위로 근로계약을 갱신해왔음.
- 근로자는 2018. 6. 28. 경비원 16명 전원에게 사직서 제출을 요구하였고, D는 유일하게 자신의 의사에 반하여 근로계약 갱신을 거부당함.
- D는 부산지방노동위원회에 부당해고 구제신청을 하였고, 근로자는 노무사를 선임하여 대응함.
- 부산지방노동위원회는 2018. 11. 8. D에 대한 해고가 부당해고임을 인정하고 원직 복직 및 임금 상당액 지급을 판정함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였고, 2019. 2. 21. D와 화해하여 퇴직위로금 300만 원을 지급하기로 합의함.
- 근로자는 2019. 7. 2. D에게 퇴직위로금 300만 원을 자비로 지급함.
- 근로자는 2019. 2. 15. 아파트 관리기금에서 노무사 보수 220만 원을 인출하였으나, 동대표들의 이의 제기 및 구청의 시정 명령으로 2019. 7. 4. 회사에게 반환함.
- 근로자는 공동주택관리법위반 혐의로 기소되어 유죄 판결을 선고받았고, 항소 및 상고가 모두 기각되어 확정됨.
- D는 2018. 8.경 근로자를 모욕 혐의로 고소하였고, 근로자는 위 고소사건에 대응하기 위해 아파트 관리기금에서 30만 원을 지출함.
- 근로자는 모욕 혐의로 약식기소되어 약식명령을 받았고, 정식재판 청구 후에도 유죄 판결을 선고받아 확정됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
쟁점 1: 근로자의 D에 대한 근로계약 갱신 거부의 위법성 여부
- 법리: 단체의 대표자가 근로자를 해고한 경우, 사후에 노동위원회나 법원에 의해 해고가 부당하다고 판단되었다는 사유만으로 대표자 개인이 단체에 손해배상책임을 부담한다고 볼 수는 없음. 다만, 해고 당시의 객관적 사정, 해고사유의 내용, 해고 경위 등에 비추어 정당한 사유가 있다고 판단할 상당한 근거가 있고 적법한 절차를 거쳐 해고한 경우라면 선량한 관리자로서의 주의의무 또는 충실의무를 위반했다고 볼 수 없음. 단체의 대표자로서 주의의무 위반 여부는 통상의 합리적인 대표자를 기준으로 해고의 사유 및 절차 등 여러 사정을 종합하여 판단해야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
부산지방법원 제1민사부 판결
사건: 2021나41624(본소) 구상금등 2021나41631(반소) 손해배상(기) 원고(반소피고),항소인: A 피고(반소원고),피항소인: B 입주자대표회의 소송대리인 법무법인 법헌, 담당변호사 김정열 제1심판결: <case_cite ref="부산지방법원/2020가소24168">부산지방법원 2021. 1. 12. 선고 2020가소24168 판결</case_cite> 변론종결: 2021. 10. 22. 판결선고: 2021. 11. 19.
1. 원고(반소피고)의 본소 및 반소에 관한 항소를 모두 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 본소, 반소를 통틀어 원고(반소피고)가 부담한다.
본소와 반소를 함께 본다. 1. 기초사실 가. 당사자의 지위 1) B건물은 '부산 부산진구 C'에 소재한 7개동, 774세대 규모의 공동주택(이하 '이 사건 아파트'라 한다)이다. 2) 피고는 공동주택관리법에 근거하여 설립된 이 사건 아파트의 자치 의결기구로서 자치관리제를 채택하고 있고, 원고는 2017. 7.경부터 2019. 6.경까지 피고의 대표자인 회장으로 재직하였다. 나. 경비원 D에 대한 근로계약 갱신거부 1) D는 2015. 1. 11.부터 이 사건 아파트의 경비원으로 근무하였고, 2016. 1.경부터 약 6개월 단위로 근로계약
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\uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 6. 28. \uacbd\ube44\uc6d0 16\uba85\uacfc \ubbf8\ud654\uc6d0 7\uba85 \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\uad04\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0, D\ub294 \uc720\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ub2f9\ud568. \uc774\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- 2018. 5. 30. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc758\uc5d0\uc11c D\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uacbd\ube44\uc6d0 3\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc \uc548\uac74\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud53c\uace0 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \uacfc\ubc18\uc218\uc778 5\uba85\uc774 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc704 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c14\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d \uc81c9\ud638\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud568.\n- D\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 D\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub7c9\uc774\ub098 \uac74\uac15 \ubb38\uc81c \ub4f1\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc120\ub7c9\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\uc790\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc8fc\uc758\uc758\ubb34 \ub610\ub294 \ucda9\uc2e4\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc704 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc785\uc740 \uc190\ud574 \uc804\ubd80\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2009. 2. 12. \uc120\uace0 2008\ub2e474895 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 5. 25. \uc120\uace0 91\ub2e441750 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c14\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d \uc81c9\ud638: \uc790\uce58\uad00\ub9ac\ub97c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc790\uce58\uad00\ub9ac\uae30\uad6c \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc784\uba74\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\uc6d0 \uacfc\ubc18\uc218\uc758 \ucc2c\uc131\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uacb0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n### \uc7c1\uc810 2: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubcf8\uc18c \uccad\uad6c(\ub178\ubb34\uc0ac \ubcf4\uc218, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc2ec\ub9ac\uae30\uc77c \ucc38\uc11d \uacbd\ube44, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc704\ub85c\uae08 \uc0c1\ud658)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ub3c5\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uc704\ubc95\ud589\uc704\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0c1\ud658\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub178\ubb34\uc0ac \ubcf4\uc218, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc2ec\ub9ac\uae30\uc77c \ucc38\uc11d \uacbd\ube44, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc704\ub85c\uae08 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc704 \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc790\ucd08\ud55c \uac83\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uadc0\uc18d\uc2dc\ud0ac \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubcf8\uc18c \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc7c1\uc810 3: \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ubc18\uc18c \uccad\uad6c(D\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc784\uae08, \ub300\uccb4 \uacbd\ube44\uc6d0 \ucd08\uacfc\uadfc\ubb34\uc218\ub2f9, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc2ec\ub9ac\uae30\uc77c \ucc38\uc11d \uacbd\ube44, \ubaa8\uc695 \uace0\uc18c\uc0ac\uac74 \ub300\uc751 \uacbd\ube44)\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 D\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc784\uae08 6,485,590\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4, D\ub97c \ub300\uccb4\ud560 \uacbd\ube44\uc6d0 \uace0\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd08\uacfc\uadfc\ubb34\uc218\ub2f9 744,895\uc6d0\uc744 \ucd94\uac00 \uc9c0\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc2ec\ub9ac\uae30\uc77c \ucc38\uc11d \uacbd\ube44\ub85c 214,700\uc6d0\uc744 \uc778\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc704 \uac01 \uae08\uc6d0\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\ubd80\ub85c \uc778\ud558\uc5ec \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 D\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc695 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \ubc94\uc8c4\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ubd88\ubc95\uc131\uc774 \ub69c\ub837\ud558\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubaa8\uc695 \uace0\uc18c\uc0ac\uac74 \ub300\uc751\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uc9c0\ucd9c\ud55c \uacbd\ube44 30\ub9cc \uc6d0\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f4\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \ubd80\ubd84\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\ub97c \ubc18\ud658\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uacb0\ub860\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uae08 \ud569\uacc4 7,745,185\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95\uc704\ubc18 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \ud56d\uc18c \ubc0f \uc0c1\uace0\uac00 \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\uac01\ub418\uc5b4 \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 D\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc695 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uc57d\uc2dd\uae30\uc18c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc57d\uc2dd\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uc815\uc2dd\uc7ac\ud310 \uccad\uad6c \ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc544 \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc7a5\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ud574\uace0 \uc2dc \uc900\uc218\ud574\uc57c \ud560 \uc808\ucc28\uc640 \uc8fc\uc758\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\uc758 \uc758\uacb0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ub3c5\ub2e8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc744 \uce68\ud574\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubd80\uacfc\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ud55c \ub0a8\uc6a9\uc744 \uacbd\uacc4\ud558\uace0 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd \uad00\ub9ac\uc758 \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uacfc \uc801\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\ubc95\ud589\uc704(\ubaa8\uc695)\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ube44\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ub300\ud45c\uc790 \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec, \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc218\ud589\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd \uad00\ub9ac \uc8fc\uccb4\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uace0\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0 \uc2dc \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub839 \ubc0f \ub0b4\ubd80 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ucca0\uc800\ud788 \uc900\uc218\ud558\uace0, \ub300\ud45c\uc790\uc758 \ub3c5\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\uacb0\uc815 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 근로자는 2018. 6. 28. 경비원 16명과 미화원 7명 전원에게 일괄적으로 사직서 제출을 요구하였고, D는 유일하게 자신의 의사에 반하여 근로계약 갱신을 거부당함. 이는 해고에 해당함.
- 2018. 5. 30. 피고 회의에서 D를 포함한 경비원 3명에 대한 근로계약 종료 안건에 대해 피고 구성원 과반수인 5명이 반대하였으므로, 위 갱신 거부는 공동주택관리법 시행령 제14조 제2항 제9호에 반함.
- D에게는 근로계약 갱신에 대한 정당한 기대권이 인정되며, 근로자가 주장하는 D의 근무태도 불량이나 건강 문제 등은 인정할 증거가 없음.
- 따라서 근로자의 갱신 거부는 회사에 대한 선량한 관리자로서의 주의의무 또는 충실의무를 위반한 것으로, 근로자는 회사에게 위 갱신 거부로 인하여 회사가 입은 손해 전부를 배상할 책임이 있음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2009. 2. 12. 선고 2008다74895 판결
- 대법원 1993. 5. 25. 선고 91다41750 판결
- 공동주택관리법 시행령 제14조 제2항 제9호: 자치관리를 하는 경우 자치관리기구 직원의 임면에 관한 사항은 입주자대표회의 구성원 과반수의 찬성으로 의결한다.
쟁점 2: 근로자의 본소 청구(노무사 보수, 중앙노동위원회 심리기일 참석 경비, 퇴직위로금 상환)에 대한 판단
- 법원의 판단:
- 이 사건 갱신 거부가 근로자의 독단적인 위법행위이므로, 근로자가 상환을 주