서울고등법원 | 2019-10-23 | 2019누36232
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
골프강사의 근로자성 및 상시 근로자 수 5인 미만 사업장의 근로기준법 적용 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자가 운영하는 헬스클럽 및 실내골프연습장(해당 사업장)의 골프강사(참가인)는 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하지 않음.
- 설령 근로자에 해당하더라도 해당 사업장은 상시 근로자 수 5인 미만 사업장이므로, 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(해고의 정당한 이유) 및 제27조(해고 사유 등의 서면통지)가 적용되지 않음.
- 따라서 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정은 위법하므로 취소함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 C 휘트니스라는 상호로 헬스클럽 및 실내골프연습장을 운영함.
- 참가인은 2014. 1. 23.부터 이 사건 골프연습장의 골프강사 업무를 수행하였으나, 원고와 별도의 계약서를 작성한 바 없음.
- 참가인은 2017. 7. 3. 근로자가 2017. 5. 29. 부당하게 자신을 해고하였다고 주장하며 서울지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 함.
- 서울지방노동위원회는 참가인이 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하고, 근로자의 해고가 서면통지 의무를 이행하지 않아 부당하다는 이유로 구제신청을 인용함.
- 근로자는 이에 불복하여 재심신청을 하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2017. 12. 13. 동일한 이유로 근로자의 재심신청을 기각하는 재심판정을 함.
- 근로자는 해당 재심판정이 위법하다며 취소 소송을 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
참가인의 근로기준법상 근로자 해당 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자 해당 여부는 계약의 형식보다 그 실질에 있어 노무제공자가 사업 또는 사업장에 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지에 따라 판단함. 종속성 판단 시 업무내용의 사용자 지정, 취업규칙 적용 여부, 지휘·감독 여부, 근무시간·장소 구속 여부, 독립 사업 영위 가능성, 이윤·손실 위험 부담, 보수의 성격(근로 대가성, 기본급·고정급 유무), 근로소득세 원천징수 여부, 근로제공 관계의 계속성 및 전속성, 사회보장제도 인정 여부 등 경제적·사회적 여러 조건을 종합적으로 고려함. 다만, 사용자가 경제적 우월 지위를 이용할 여지가 큰 기본급·고정급 유무, 원천징수 여부, 사회보장제도 인정 여부 등은 근로자성을 쉽게 부정하는 근거가 될 수 없음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 업무수행에 대한 지휘·감독 여부: 참가인은 골프강습회원과 개별적으로 강습일정, 시간, 강습료 등을 결정하였고, 근로자는 참가인의 강습 방식, 내용, 태도 등에 별달리 관여하지 않음. 해당 사업장에는 취업규칙이나 인사규정이 없었고, 출퇴근 관리 수단도 없었음. 근로자의 카카오톡 메시지는 강습회원 소개나 운영 협조 당부로 해석됨.
- 참가인에 대한 보수의 성격: 참가인은 강습회원으로부터 받은 강습료 대부분을 근로자를 통해 지급받았으나, 이는 참가인이 강습회원에게 제공한 서비스의 대가로 봄이 타당함. 참가인은 강습회원 증감에 따른 이익과 손실을 부담하였고, 독립적으로 회원 유치 영업을 하기도 함. 근로자가 강습료를 직접 수납한 것은 골프강사의 돌발 행동에 따른 손실 위험 회피 목적이었음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심 판결을 취소한다. 2. 중앙노동위원회가 2017. 12. 13. 원고와 피고보조참가인 사이의 중앙2017부해1011 부당해고 구제 재심신청 사건에 관하여 한 재심판정을 취소한다. 3. 소송 총비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ubc0f \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218 5\uc778 \ubbf8\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ud5ec\uc2a4\ud074\ub7fd \ubc0f \uc2e4\ub0b4\uace8\ud504\uc5f0\uc2b5\uc7a5(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5)\uc758 \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac(\ucc38\uac00\uc778)\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc124\ub839 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218 5\uc778 \ubbf8\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d(\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720) \ubc0f \uc81c27\uc870(\ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0)\uac00 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ucde8\uc18c\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 C \ud718\ud2b8\ub2c8\uc2a4\ub77c\ub294 \uc0c1\ud638\ub85c \ud5ec\uc2a4\ud074\ub7fd \ubc0f \uc2e4\ub0b4\uace8\ud504\uc5f0\uc2b5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 1. 23.\ubd80\ud130 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uace8\ud504\uc5f0\uc2b5\uc7a5\uc758 \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud55c \ubc14 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2017. 7. 3. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2017. 5. 29. \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \uc790\uc2e0\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc774\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2017. 12. 13. \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uba70 \ucde8\uc18c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ub178\ubb34\uc81c\uacf5\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. \uc885\uc18d\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \uc5c5\ubb34\ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc9c0\uc815, \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\u00b7\uc7a5\uc18c \uad6c\uc18d \uc5ec\ubd80, \ub3c5\ub9bd \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc601\uc704 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131, \uc774\uc724\u00b7\uc190\uc2e4 \uc704\ud5d8 \ubd80\ub2f4, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9(\uadfc\ub85c \ub300\uac00\uc131, \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\u00b7\uace0\uc815\uae09 \uc720\ubb34), \uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ub85c\uc81c\uacf5 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131 \ubc0f \uc804\uc18d\uc131, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc6b0\uc6d4 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud560 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \ud070 \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\u00b7\uace0\uc815\uae09 \uc720\ubb34, \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc27d\uac8c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\uc5c5\ubb34\uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc5ec\ubd80**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc2b5\ud68c\uc6d0\uacfc \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac15\uc2b5\uc77c\uc815, \uc2dc\uac04, \uac15\uc2b5\ub8cc \ub4f1\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac15\uc2b5 \ubc29\uc2dd, \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ud0dc\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ubcc4\ub2ec\ub9ac \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uace0, \ucd9c\ud1f4\uadfc \uad00\ub9ac \uc218\ub2e8\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc74c. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uce74\uce74\uc624\ud1a1 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub294 \uac15\uc2b5\ud68c\uc6d0 \uc18c\uac1c\ub098 \uc6b4\uc601 \ud611\uc870 \ub2f9\ubd80\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub428.\n- **\ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uac15\uc2b5\ud68c\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubc1b\uc740 \uac15\uc2b5\ub8cc \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uac15\uc2b5\ud68c\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758 \ub300\uac00\ub85c \ubd04\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud568. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uac15\uc2b5\ud68c\uc6d0 \uc99d\uac10\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc774\uc775\uacfc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc6d0 \uc720\uce58 \uc601\uc5c5\uc744 \ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uac15\uc2b5\ub8cc\ub97c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc218\ub0a9\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac\uc758 \ub3cc\ubc1c \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc190\uc2e4 \uc704\ud5d8 \ud68c\ud53c \ubaa9\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- **\uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc885\uc18d\uc131**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uac01\uc790 \uac15\uc2b5 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \uac8c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec \ud68c\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uac15\uc0ac\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac\uc758 \ucd9c\ud1f4\uadfc\uc744 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uac15\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc740 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \uc911\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub098 \uc601\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc704\uc784\uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568. 4\ub300 \ubcf4\ud5d8 \uac00\uc785\uc774\ub098 \uc7ac\uc9c1\uc99d\uba85\uc11c \ubc1c\uae09 \ub4f1\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2018. 4. 26. \uc120\uace0 2016\ub45049372 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \ub300\uc0c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 5\uba85 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uba70(\uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d), \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774 \ubc95\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c(\uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d). '\uc0c1\uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218'\ub294 \ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc0ac\uc720 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc77c \uc804 1\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc5f0\uc778\uc6d0\uc744 \uac19\uc740 \uae30\uac04 \uc911\uc758 \uac00\ub3d9 \uc77c\uc218\ub85c \ub098\ub204\uc5b4 \uc0b0\uc815\ud568(\uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870\uc7582 \uc81c1\ud56d). \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ubc0f \ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uc81c27\uc870\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c(\uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870, \ubcc4\ud45c 1).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ubc1b\uc740 2017. 5. 12.\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc804\uc778 2017. 4. 13.\ubd80\ud130 \uc704 \uc2dc\uae30\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc5f0\uc778\uc6d0\uc740 86\uba85\uc774\uace0, \uac00\ub3d9 \uc77c\uc218\ub294 28\uc77c\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218\ub294 86\uba85 / 28\uc77c = 3.07\uba85\uc73c\ub85c 4\uba85 \uc774\ud558\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ub2ec\ub9ac \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9\uc774 \uc758\uc81c\ub418\ub294 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ubc0f \uc81c27\uc870\uac00 \uc801\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc124\ub839 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uace0\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218 5\uc778 \ubbf8\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ub610\ub294 \uc81c27\uc870\ub97c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc784\uc744 \ub2e4\ud234 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d, \uc81c3\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c7\uc870\uc7582 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 [\ubcc4\ud45c 1]\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9, \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uc18c\uc758 \uc885\uc18d\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \ucda9\uc2e4\ud788 \uc801\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \uace8\ud504\uac15\uc0ac\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ud2b9\uc815 \uae30\uc220\uc774\ub098 \uc804\ubb38\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc9c1\uc885\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uac1c\uc778\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc774 \ub113\uace0 \uc218\uc775 \uad6c\uc870\uac00 \uc131\uacfc\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub3d9\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \ub9ce\uc544 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774 \ub354\uc6b1 \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud574\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c. \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uac15\uc0ac\uac00 \uac15\uc2b5\ub8cc\ub97c \uac1c\ubcc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uac15\uc2b5 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uad00\uc5ec\uac00 \uc801\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\uc724\uacfc \uc190\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f4\ud558\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc704\uc784\uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ud2b9\uc9d5\uc801\uc784.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uc0c1\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc218 \uc0b0\uc815 \ubc29\uc2dd(\uc5f0\uc778\uc6d0/\uac00\ub3d9\uc77c\uc218)\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec 5\uc778 \ubbf8\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc870\ud56d(\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720, \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0) \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc30\uc81c \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uad00\ub828 \ubd84\uc7c1 \uc2dc \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub428.\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \ub2e8\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac \ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud558\uace0, \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub85c, \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc8fc \uce21\uc5d0 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 근무시간 및 장소에 대한 종속성: 참가인을 비롯한 골프강사들은 각자 강습 가능한 시간을 정하여 사업장에 통보하였고, 근로자는 이를 게시하여 회원들이 강사를 선택하도록 함. 근로자는 골프강사의 출퇴근을 관리하지 않았고, 강사들은 근무시간 중에도 개인적인 업무나 영업활동을 할 수 있었음.
- 결론: 참가인은 임금을 목적으로 근로자에 종속적인 관계에서 근로를 제공한 근로자로 볼 수 없으며, 원고와 참가인의 관계는 위임계약에 해당함. 4대 보험 가입이나 재직증명서 발급 등은 근로자성 인정의 근거가 될 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2018. 4. 26. 선고 2016두49372 판결
해당 사업장의 근로기준법 적용 대상 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법은 상시 5명 이상의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 적용되며(제11조 제1항), 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업 또는 사업장에 대하여