대전지방법원 | 2021-07-15 | 2020구합101101
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제 재심판정 취소 청구 사건
결과 요약
- 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정이 위법하므로 취소함.
사실관계
- 참가인은 2015. 1. 27. 설립된 원료재생업 회사이며, 근로자는 2016. 7. 6. 참가인과 근로계약을 체결하고 베트남 법인장으로 근무함.
- 2019. 7. 31. 근로자는 참가인이 일방적으로 건강보험 피보험자격을 상실 처리하여 부당해고에 해당한다고 주장하며 충남지방노동위원회에 부당해고 구제신청을 하였으나 기각됨.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심을 신청하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2019. 12. 30. 근로자에 대한 해고가 존재하지 않는다는 이유로 재심신청을 기각함.
- 참가인은 2019. 5. 13. 거래처 관계자들에게 '베트남 법인장 교체의 건'이라는 제목으로 '당사에 근무하던 A(원고) 법인장은 횡령, 배임 혐의로 당사에서 해임되었습니다'라는 내용의 공문을 이메일로 보냄.
- 근로자는 2019. 5. 13. 거래처 관계자들에게 해명 이메일을 보냈고, 2019. 5. 14. 업체 관계자들에게 카카오톡 메시지를 보냄.
- 참가인은 2019. 5. 14. 근로자의 건강보험 피보험자격을 2019. 4. 30.자로 소급하여 상실 처리함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고의 존재 여부 및 부당해고 해당 여부
- 근로자가 자발적으로 퇴직 의사를 밝혔다고 볼 객관적인 자료가 없음.
- 참가인이 거래처 관계자들에게 보낸 이메일 공문에 '근로자가 횡령, 배임 혐의로 해임되었다'고 기재된 것은 참가인이 근로자를 해고했다는 객관적 자료에 부합함.
- 참가인은 근로자가 2019. 4.경 먼저 사직 의사를 밝혔다고 주장했으나, 근로자가 2019. 5. 초까지도 참가인의 결정에 따르겠다는 취지로 말한 사실이 확인되어 신빙성이 떨어짐.
- 근로자는 2019. 5. 13. 참가인이 해임 이메일을 보내기 직전까지 업무를 계속해왔으며, 이는 스스로 사직 의사를 표시한 사람의 행동으로 보기 어려움.
- 근로자가 거래처 관계자들에게 보낸 해명 이메일 및 카카오톡 메시지에 '개인적인 사정으로 퇴직하게 되었다'는 취지의 기재가 있으나, 이는 참가인의 해임 통보에 대한 해명 과정에서 나온 표현으로 보이며, 사직서 등 다른 객관적인 증거 없이 사직 의사를 인정하기에는 근거가 부족함.
- 참가인이 근로자를 해고하면서 해고사유와 해고시기를 명시한 서면을 교부하지 않았다는 점은 당사자 사이에 다툼이 없으므로, 근로기준법 제27조를 위반한 부당해고에 해당함.
- 해당 재심판정은 해고 자체가 존재하지 않는다는 전제하에 근로자의 구제신청을 기각하였으므로 위법함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 중앙노동위원회가 2019. 12. 30. 원고와 피고보조참가인 사이의 C 부당해고구제 재심신청 사건에 관하여 한 재심판정을 취소한다. 2. 소송비용 중 보조참가로 인한 부분은 피고보조참가인이 부담하고, 나머지는 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \ucde8\uc18c \uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uac74\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc774 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ucde8\uc18c\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2015. 1. 27. \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uc6d0\ub8cc\uc7ac\uc0dd\uc5c5 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc774\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2016. 7. 6. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ubc95\uc778\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- 2019. 7. 31. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8 \ud53c\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc790\uaca9\uc744 \uc0c1\uc2e4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ucda9\ub0a8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2019. 12. 30. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2019. 5. 13. \uac70\ub798\ucc98 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c '\ubca0\ud2b8\ub0a8 \ubc95\uc778\uc7a5 \uad50\uccb4\uc758 \uac74'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c '\ub2f9\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub358 A(\uc6d0\uace0) \ubc95\uc778\uc7a5\uc740 \ud6a1\ub839, \ubc30\uc784 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4'\ub77c\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc758 \uacf5\ubb38\uc744 \uc774\uba54\uc77c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 5. 13. \uac70\ub798\ucc98 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uba85 \uc774\uba54\uc77c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0c8\uace0, 2019. 5. 14. \uc5c5\uccb4 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uce74\uce74\uc624\ud1a1 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2019. 5. 14. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8 \ud53c\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc790\uaca9\uc744 2019. 4. 30.\uc790\ub85c \uc18c\uae09\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c1\uc2e4 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uac70\ub798\ucc98 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc774\uba54\uc77c \uacf5\ubb38\uc5d0 '\uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud6a1\ub839, \ubc30\uc784 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \ud574\uc784\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4'\uace0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uac83\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2019. 4.\uacbd \uba3c\uc800 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1d\ud614\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2019. 5. \ucd08\uae4c\uc9c0\ub3c4 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \ub9d0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc5b4 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc774 \ub5a8\uc5b4\uc9d0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 5. 13. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ud574\uc784 \uc774\uba54\uc77c\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0b4\uae30 \uc9c1\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud574\uc654\uc73c\uba70, \uc774\ub294 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uac70\ub798\ucc98 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \ud574\uba85 \uc774\uba54\uc77c \ubc0f \uce74\uce74\uc624\ud1a1 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5d0 '\uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4'\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc758 \uae30\uc7ac\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud574\uc784 \ud1b5\ubcf4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uba85 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc628 \ud45c\ud604\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \ub4f1 \ub2e4\ub978 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc774 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.**\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \ud574\uace0 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc804\uc81c\ud558\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870 (\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uacfc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uad6c\ubcc4\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc744 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0 \uacf5\ud45c\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uba85 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ud45c\ud604\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28 \uc900\uc218\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774\ub294 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uac16\ucd94\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제27조 (해고의 서면 통지)
검토
- 본 판결은 근로자의 자발적 사직과 사용자의 해고를 구별하는 기준을 명확히 제시함. 특히, 사용자가 일방적으로 근로자의 퇴직을 처리하고 그 사유를 외부에 공표한 경우, 근로자가 해명 과정에서 사용된 표현만으로 자발적 사직으로 단정할 수 없음을 확인함.
- 해고의 서면 통지 의무를 위반한 경우 부당해고에 해당한다는 점을 재확인하여, 사용자의 해고 절차 준수의 중요성을 강조함.
- 근로자가 사직 의사를 명확히 표시하지 않았음에도 사용자가 일방적으로 퇴직 처리한 경우, 이는 해고로 인정될 수 있으며, 절차적 정당성을 갖추지 못한 해고는 부당해고에 해당함을 시사함.