서울행정법원 | 2023-07-20 | 2021구합50291
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로자의 정기 승격·승진 인사가 불이익취급의 부당노동행위에 해당하는지 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 정기 승격·승진 인사가 참가인 노조 소속 근로자들에 대한 불이익취급의 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 판단하여 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 반도체부품 제조업을 영위하는 법인으로, 상시 약 600명의 근로자를 사용함.
- 참가인 노조는 전국단위 산업별 노동조합으로, 산하에 W지회(이하 '해당 사안 지회')를 두고 있으며, 해당 사안 근로자들은 해당 사안 지회 소속 참가인 노조의 조합원들임.
- 근로자는 2018년 및 2019년 성적고과 및 능력고과 결과를 토대로 2020. 1. 1.자 정기 승격 및 승진인사(이하 '해당 사안 정기인사')를 시행함.
- 해당 사안 근로자들은 근로자가 해당 사안 정기인사에서 자신들을 배제한 것이 부당인사 및 불이익취급의 부당노동행위에 해당한다고 주장함.
- 참가인 노조는 근로자가 해당 사안 정기인사에서 참가인 노조의 조합원들을 교섭대표노동조합(이하 '교섭대표노조')의 조합원들보다 현저히 불리하게 취급함으로써 불이익취급 및 지배·개입의 부당노동행위를 하였다고 주장하며 구제신청을 함.
- 경북지방노동위원회는 해당 사안 근로자들 및 참가인 노조의 구제신청을 모두 기각함.
- 중앙노동위원회는 제2구제신청 중 불이익취급의 부당노동행위 부분에 관한 초심판정을 취소하고, 근로자가 교섭대표노조 조합원들과 비교하여 참가인 노조 조합원들의 평가점수를 차별적으로 낮게 부여함으로써 해당 사안 정기인사에서 배제한 행위는 불이익취급의 부당노동행위라고 판단함.
- 이에 근로자는 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정 취소를 구하는 소송을 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
불이익취급의 부당노동행위 성립 여부
- 법리: 사용자가 노동조합의 조합원이라는 이유로 비조합원보다 불리하게 인사고과를 하고 그 인사고과가 임금, 상여금 등의 차등 대우의 근거로 사용된 경우, 부당노동행위 성립 여부는 다음을 심리하여 판단함.
1. 조합원 집단과 비조합원 집단이 서로 동질의 균등한 근로자 집단인지 여부.
2. 인사고과에 있어서 양 집단 사이에 통계적으로 유의미한 격차가 있었는지 여부.
3. 그러한 격차가 노동조합의 조합원임을 이유로 비조합원에 비하여 불이익취급을 하려는 사용자의 반조합적 의사에 기인하는 것인지 여부.
4. 인사고과에 있어서의 그러한 차별이 없었더라면 차등 대우가 없게 되는지 여부.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
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\uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uc2b9\uaca9 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ub178\uc870\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uba74 \uc2b9\uc9c4\uc0c1 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc778\uc2dd\uc744 \uc2ec\uc5b4\uc8fc\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ub178\uc870\ub294 2010\ub144 \ud30c\uc5c5 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac08\ub4f1\uc744 \uacaa\uc5b4\uc654\uc73c\uba70, \uac70\uc758 \ub9e4\ub144 \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc \ubc0f \uc815\uae30\uc778\uc0ac \uc2b9\uaca9 \uacb0\uacfc \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\ub960\uc801 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uc634.\n- \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uae30\uc778\uc0ac\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ub178\uc870\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub824 \ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubc18\uc870\ud569\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uae30\uc778\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n- \ub9cc\uc77c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uae30\uc778\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2b9\uaca9 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ubc1b\uc558\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uacfc \uadf8 \uc678\uc758 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc9c1\uad70 \ud638\ubd09\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ucc28\ubcc4\uc744 \ub450\uc5b4 \ud589\ud55c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc815\uae30\uc778\uc0ac\ub294 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2009. 3. 26. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub45025695 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c81\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638: '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785 \ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc785\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uac70\ub098 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc744 \uc870\uc9c1\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uac70\ub098 \uae30\ud0c0 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud55c \uac83\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uadf8 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uadf8 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ud589\uc704'\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ud55c \uc720\ud615\uc73c\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2010\ub144 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c\uc758 \ud30c\uc5c5 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc9d1\ud589\ubd80 \ubc30\uc81c, \ubd80\uc801\uaca9 \uc0ac\uc6d0 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc9d5\uacc4, \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc124\ub9bd \ubc29\uc548 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub17c\uc758\ud55c \ubb38\uac74\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\ubc95\uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ubc8c\uae08\ud615\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2012\ub144 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 71\uba85\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc11c\uc6b8\uace0\ub4f1\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc815\ub9ac\ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2014\ub144\ub3c4 \ub2a5\ub825\uace0\uacfc \ubc0f \ud558\ubc18\uae30 \uc131\uc801\uace0\uacfc\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c C\ub4f1\uae09\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\ud589\uc815\ubc95\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uc11c\uc6b8\uace0\ub4f1\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2015\ub144 \uad50\uc12d\ub300\ud45c\ub178\uc870 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \ubb34\ud30c\uc5c5 \ud0c0\uacb0\uae08 \ubc0f \ubb34\ud30c\uc5c5 \uc774\ud589 \ud0c0\uacb0\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ucde8\uae09 \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uc11c\uc6b8\ud589\uc815\ubc95\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uc11c\uc6b8\uace0\ub4f1\ubc95\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- 2018\ub144 \uc815\uae30\uc778\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, \uc11c\uc6b8\ud589\uc815\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c0\ud68c \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc744 \uad50\uc12d\ub300\ud45c\ub178\uc870 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ube44\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud558\uac8c \ucde8\uae09\ud55c \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac\uace0\uacfc \ubc0f \uc2b9\uaca9\u00b7\uc2b9\uc9c4 \uc778\uc0ac\uac00 \ud2b9\uc815 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc18c\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\ud558\uac8c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc815\ubcf4\uc758 \ube44\ub300\uce6d\uc131\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\ud3c9\uac00 \uc601\uc5ed\uc5d0\uc11c, \ub3d9\uc9c8\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc9d1\ub2e8 \uac04 \ud1b5\uacc4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc720\uc758\ubbf8\ud55c \uaca9\ucc28\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadf8 \ud3c9\uac00\uac00 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ub8cc\ub85c \uc99d\uba85\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc8fc\uad00\uc801 \ud3c9\uac00 \uc694\uc18c\uac00 \uac15\ud55c \ud56d\ubaa9\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc810\uc218 \ucc28\uc774, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uacfc\uac70\ubd80\ud130 \ub204\uc801\ub41c \ub178\uc0ac \uac08\ub4f1 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704 \uc804\ub825 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubc18\uc870\ud569\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ucd94\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc774\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \ucc28\ubcc4\uc801 \ub300\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\uac01\uc2ec\uc744 \ub192\uc774\uace0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacf5\uc815\uc131\uacfc \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784."}
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자들과 해당 사안 비교대상 근로자들은 모두 생산직 호봉제 근로자들로서 동일한 업무를 담당하는 동질의 균등한 근로자 집단임.
- 해당 사안 정기인사 승격 결과에서 두 집단 사이에 통계적으로 현격한 격차가 발생함.
- 특히, 상대적으로 주관적 평가가 이루어질 수 있는 '협조성', '적극성', '책임성' 항목에서 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자들이 통계적으로 유의미하게 낮은 고과점수를 받음.
- 근로자의 인사고과 평가 방식은 1차 고과자의 평가 결과를 100% 반영하며, 업무 배정이나 실적 인정 등에서 관리자의 재량이 크게 개입할 수 있음.
- 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자들에 대한 지속적인 승격 차별은 참가인 노조에 가입하면 승진상 불이익이 있을 수 있다는 인식을 심어주었을 것으로 보임.
- 근로자와 참가인 노조는 2010년 파업 이후 지속적으로 갈등을 겪어왔으며, 거의 매년 인사고과 및 정기인사 승격 결과 등에 관하여 법률적 분쟁을 이어옴.
- 이러한 사정들을 종합할 때, 해당 사안 정기인사는 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자들이 참가인 노조에 가입하였음을 이유로 불이익을 가하려 한 근로자의 반조합적 의사에 기인한 것으로 판단됨.
- 만일 해당 사안 정기인사에서 위와 같은 차별이 없었다면 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자들이 더 많은 승격 기회를 부여받았을 것으로 보임.
- 따라서 근로자가 해당 사안 지회 소속 근로자 집단과 그 외의 생산직군 호봉제 근로자들 사이에 차별을 두어 행한 해당 사안 정기인사는 불이익취급의 부당노동행위에 해당