서울동부지방법원 | 2016-06-07 | 2015가합107494
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
경업금지약정의 유효성 판단 기준 및 무효 판단 사례
결과 요약
- 근로자의 피고 A에 대한 전직금지 청구는 소의 이익이 없어 각하하고, 피고 A에 대한 나머지 청구 및 피고 B, C에 대한 청구는 이유 없어 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 보청기 전문 기업인 스타키 래버러토리즈의 한국 지사임.
- 피고 A, B, C는 근로자의 영업팀에서 근무하다가 퇴사함.
- 피고들은 퇴사 전 근로자에 비밀유지 및 경업금지서약서(이하 '해당 사안 서약서')를 작성·제출함.
- 피고들은 퇴사 후 12개월 이내에 근로자와 동종·유사 업종인 지반토스 유한회사에 취업함.
- 근로자는 피고들이 해당 사안 서약서를 위반하여 지반토스 유한회사에 취업하였으므로 전직금지 의무 위반 및 손해배상 의무가 있다고 주장함.
- 피고들은 해당 사안 서약서에 따른 전직금지약정이 기간이 길고 대가가 지급되지 않았으며 보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익이 없어 민법 제103조에 따라 무효라고 항변함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
경업금지약정의 유효성 판단 기준 및 해당 사안 약정의 무효 여부
- 사용자와 근로자 간 경업금지약정은 헌법상 보장된 근로자의 직업선택의 자유와 근로권 등을 과도하게 제한하거나 자유로운 경쟁을 지나치게 제한하는 경우 민법 제103조에 따라 무효로 봄.
- 경업금지약정의 유효성 판단은 보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익, 근로자의 퇴직 전 지위, 경업 제한의 기간·지역 및 대상 직종, 근로자에 대한 대가의 제공 유무, 근로자의 퇴직 경위, 공공의 이익 및 기타 사정 등을 종합적으로 고려해야 함.
- '보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익'은 부정경쟁방지 및 영업비밀보호에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호의 '영업비밀'뿐만 아니라 그 정도에 이르지 않더라도 사용자만이 가진 지식 또는 정보로서 근로자와 누설하지 않기로 약정한 것이나 고객 관계, 영업상의 신용 유지도 포함함.
- 근로자는 피고들이 개별 대리점별 공급가, 할인율, 대리점 정보, 대리점 사장·직원들과의 인간관계 등을 알게 된 것이 보호할 가치 있는 이익이라고 주장함.
- 법원은 피고들이 대리점별 할인율 정보를 취득하거나 전달했다는 증거가 없고, 대리점 위치·연락처는 근로자만이 가진 정보로 볼 수 없으며, 개별 공급가 정책은 경쟁 업체가 쉽게 알 수 있고, 피고들과 대리점 사장·직원들의 인간관계는 업무 수행 중 자연스럽게 형성된 것에 불과하여 피고들의 전직으로 근로자의 보호할 가치 있는 이익이 침해될 우려가 있다고 보기 어렵다고 판단함.
- 근로자는 2014년 동종·경쟁업체로 이직한 직원에 대한 고소 이후 해당 사안 서약서를 작성받았고, 이 과정에서 직원들과 협의나 의견 진술 기회를 주지 않았으며, 피고들에게 아무런 대가를 지급하지 않았음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 이 사건소 중 원고의 피고 A에 대한 전직금지 청구 부분은 각하한다. 2. 원고의 피고 A에 대한 나머지 청구, 피고 B, C에 대한 청구를 각 기각한다. 3. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc11c\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc804\uc9c1\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc778 \ud53c\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uad8c \ub4f1\uc744 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c103\uc870\uc5d0 \uc815\ud55c \uc120\ub7c9\ud55c \ud48d\uc18d \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\ud589\uc704\ub85c\uc11c \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2010. 3. 11. \uc120\uace0 2009\ub2e482244 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c103\uc870 (\ubc18\uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\ud589\uc704) \uc120\ub7c9\ud55c \ud48d\uc18d \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\ud589\uc704\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \ubd80\uc815\uacbd\uc7c1\ubc29\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc601\uc5c5\ube44\ubc00\ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0 A\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \ud6c4 12\uac1c\uc6d4\uc774 \uc9c0\ub098 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud53c\uace0 A\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc804\uc9c1\uae08\uc9c0 \uccad\uad6c \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uc18c\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2015. 3.\uacbd \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc778\uc6d0 \uac10\ucd95\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc2dc\ud589\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc54c\ub824 \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uac00\uce58 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc775\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704, \uc57d\uc815\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9(\uae30\uac04, \ubc94\uc704), \ub300\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc57d\uc815 \uccb4\uacb0 \uacbd\uc704 \ub4f1 \uc81c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uace0\uac1d \uc815\ubcf4\ub098 \uc601\uc5c5 \ub178\ud558\uc6b0\ub97c '\uc601\uc5c5\ube44\ubc00'\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \ud574\ub2f9 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uac00\uce58\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc804\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uce68\ud574\ub420 \uc6b0\ub824\uac00 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uad8c\uc744 \uacfc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec, \uae30\uc5c5\ub4e4\uc774 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud560 \ub54c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \uce68\ud574\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uc2e0\uc911\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ub300\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc758 \ud3ec\uad04\uc801 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uc0ac\ub840\uc784."}
- 피고들은 보청기 판매 업무를 수행했을 뿐 연구·개발이나 교육·훈련을 담당하지 않았고, 중요한 의사결정 권한도 없었음.
- 해당 사안 서약서의 전직금지약정은 장소적 한계 없이 1년간 동종·유사·경쟁 업체 근무를 전면적으로 제한하고 있음.
- 법원은 피고들의 업무 내용, 전직금지약정의 내용, 체결 경위 및 과정 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때, 해당 사안 서약서에 따른 전직금지약정이 근로자인 피고들의 직업선택의 자유와 근로권 등을 과도하게 제한하거나 자유로운 경쟁을 지나치게 제한하여 민법 제103조에 정한 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 반하는 법률행위로서 무효라고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2010. 3. 11. 선고 2009다82244 판결
- 민법 제103조 (반사회질서의 법률행위) 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 위반한 사항을 내용으로 하는 법률행위는 무효로 한다.
- 부정경쟁방지 및 영업비밀보호에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호
참고사실
- 피고 A가 퇴직한 후 12개월이 지나 근로자의 피고 A에 대한 전직금지 청구 부분은 소의 이익이 없음.
- 근로자는 2015. 3.경 직원들에게 인원 감축을 위한 희망퇴직 제도를 시행하겠다고 알려 다수의 직원이 퇴사함.
검토
- 본 판결은 경업금지약정의 유효성을 판단함에 있어 사용자의 보호할