서울고등법원 | 2019-08-23 | 2018나10786
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
외국인 근로자의 사업장 변경 요구와 무단결근으로 인한 해고 무효 확인 및 임금 청구 기각
결과 요약
- 근로자의 해고 무효 확인 및 해고 기간 동안의 임금 지급 청구를 기각함.
- 제1심판결의 결론이 정당하다고 보아 근로자의 항소를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 스리랑카 국적의 외국인근로자로, 2017. 4. 17. 해당 회사와 근로계약을 체결하고 2017. 4. 18.부터 2019. 7. 6.까지 근무하기로 함.
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 23.부터 피고 사업장에 출근하지 않았고, 회사는 2017. 7. 3. 직업안정기관에 근로자의 무단결근 사실을 신고함.
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 22. 피고로부터 부당해고 당했다고 주장하며 노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였으나, 2017. 9. 7. 기각 결정(경기지방노동위원회 2017부해969호)이 내려졌고, 재심 청구 또한 2017. 11. 30. 기각 결정(중앙노동위원회 중앙2017부해992호)됨.
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 22. 야간작업 전 통증을 호소하며 치료를 위해 일을 못하겠다고 하자, 피고 측 관리자 등이 멱살을 잡고 밀치며 앞으로 일하지 말라고 하여 해고당했다고 주장함.
- 근로자는 병원 치료 및 경찰 신고를 위해 숙소를 나왔는데, 회사가 근로자의 무단이탈을 주장하며 직업안정기관에 고용변동 사항을 신고했다고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고의 유무 및 해고 무효 확인 청구의 인용 여부
- 해고의 의미: 해고는 실제 사업장에서 불리는 명칭이나 절차에 관계없이 근로자의 의사에 반하여 사용자의 일방적 의사에 의해 이루어지는 근로계약 관계의 종료를 의미함.
- 외국인근로자의 사업장 변경 요건: 외국인근로자는 사용자의 근로계약 해지, 갱신 거절, 사업장의 휴업, 폐업 등 외국인고용법 제25조에서 정한 사유가 있는 경우에만 사업장 변경을 신청할 수 있음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 2017. 6. 22. 회사가 근로자를 해고한 것으로 볼 수 없으며, 오히려 근로자가 사업장 변경 요구가 받아들여지지 않자 무단결근한 것으로 판단함.
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 1.경부터 병을 핑계로 사업장 변경을 거듭 요구하였고, 회사는 인력 충원 시 변경해주겠다고 무마하였으며, 일손이 부족한 회사가 일방적으로 근로자를 해고할 상황이 아니었음.
- 근로자가 이비인후과 진료를 받았으나, 호소한 증상과 질병에 대한 뚜렷한 근거가 없음.
- 2017. 6. 22. 근로자가 아파서 일을 못하겠다며 사업장 변경을 요구하는 과정에서 다툼이 발생함.
- 근로자가 녹음한 대화 내용(제출된 증거)에 따르면, 근로자가 의도적으로 상대방의 감정을 자극하거나 도발하여 상대방이 감정적으로 대응한 면은 있으나, 상대방이 근로자의 해고를 명시하거나 시사하는 내용은 없음. 한국어에 능숙하지 않더라도 오해할 상황으로 보기도 어려움.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 23.\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uace0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2017. 7. 3. \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc548\uc815\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 22. \ud53c\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, 2017. 9. 7. \uae30\uac01 \uacb0\uc815(\uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c 2017\ubd80\ud574969\ud638)\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc84c\uace0, \uc7ac\uc2ec \uccad\uad6c \ub610\ud55c 2017. 11. 30. \uae30\uac01 \uacb0\uc815(\uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc911\uc5592017\ubd80\ud574992\ud638)\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 22. \uc57c\uac04\uc791\uc5c5 \uc804 \ud1b5\uc99d\uc744 \ud638\uc18c\ud558\uba70 \uce58\ub8cc\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc77c\uc744 \ubabb\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc790, \ud53c\uace0 \uce21 \uad00\ub9ac\uc790 \ub4f1\uc774 \uba71\uc0b4\uc744 \uc7a1\uace0 \ubc00\uce58\uba70 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud558\uc9c0 \ub9d0\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ubcd1\uc6d0 \uce58\ub8cc \ubc0f \uacbd\ucc30 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \uc219\uc18c\ub97c \ub098\uc654\ub294\ub370, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc548\uc815\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uace0\uc6a9\ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc720\ubb34 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \uccad\uad6c\uc758 \uc778\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8:** \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc694\uac74:** \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0, \uac31\uc2e0 \uac70\uc808, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \ud734\uc5c5, \ud3d0\uc5c5 \ub4f1 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95 \uc81c25\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- 2017. 6. 22. \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc790 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 1.\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \ubcd1\uc744 \ud551\uacc4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uac70\ub4ed \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc778\ub825 \ucda9\uc6d0 \uc2dc \ubcc0\uacbd\ud574\uc8fc\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ubb34\ub9c8\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \uc77c\uc190\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud560 \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ube44\uc778\ud6c4\uacfc \uc9c4\ub8cc\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \ud638\uc18c\ud55c \uc99d\uc0c1\uacfc \uc9c8\ubcd1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- 2017. 6. 22. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ud30c\uc11c \uc77c\uc744 \ubabb\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uba70 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\ud23c\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ub179\uc74c\ud55c \ub300\ud654 \ub0b4\uc6a9(\uac11 \uc81c5\ud638\uc99d)\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc758 \uac10\uc815\uc744 \uc790\uadf9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub3c4\ubc1c\ud558\uc5ec \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc774 \uac10\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub300\uc751\ud55c \uba74\uc740 \uc788\uc73c\ub098, \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ub2a5\uc219\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc624\ud574\ud560 \uc0c1\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30\ub3c4 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 22. 19:30\uacbd \ud53c\uace0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc744 \ub098\uac04 \ud6c4 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, 2017. 7. 1. \ud53c\uace0 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub97c \ud3ed\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc18c\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 2017. 7. 3. \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc548\uc815\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc2e0\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc774\ud589\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud574\uace0\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e0\uace0\ud588\uc744 \uac83\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uace0\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub294 2017. 8. 14. '\ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c' \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc9d0.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2018. 5. 30. \uc120\uace0 2014\ub2e49632 \ud310\uacb0:** \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub840.\n- **\uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c25\uc870:** \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc0ac\uc720.\n- **\uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c17\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c32\uc870 \uc81c7\ud638, \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c3\ud638, \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c14\uc870:** \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 5\uc77c \uc774\uc0c1 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd80\uacfc\ub418\ub294 \uc2e0\uace0 \uc758\ubb34.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc694\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec **\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.**\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 **\ub300\ud654\ub97c \ub179\uc74c\ud558\uc5ec \uc99d\uac70\ub85c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8**\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud568.\n- \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, **\uc678\uad6d\uc778\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc694\uac74\uc774 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778**\ud558\uba70, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc744 \uc774\ud0c8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc2e0\uace0\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc **\ubc95\uc801 \uc758\ubb34 \uc774\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d**\ub418\uc5b4, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc624\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ubcf4\ud638\ud568."}
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 22. 19:30경 피고 사업장을 나간 후 다음 날부터 출근하지 않았고, 2017. 7. 1. 피고 관계자를 폭행으로 고소함.
- 회사가 2017. 7. 3. 직업안정기관에 근로자의 무단결근 사실을 신고한 것은 외국인고용법에 따른 신고 의무를 이행한 것으로, 이를 해고로 볼 수 없음. 해고였다면 회사는 근로계약 해지를 고용변동 사항으로 신고했을 것임.
- 근로자의 고소에 대해서는 2017. 8. 14. '혐의없음' 처분이 내려짐.
- 따라서 회사가 근로자를 해고한 것으로 볼 수 없으므로, 해고를 전제로 하는 근로자의 청구는 모두 받아들일 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2018. 5. 30. 선고 2014다9632 판결: 해고의 의미에 대한 판례.
- 외국인근로자의 고용 등에 관한 법률 제25조: 외국인근로자의 사업장 변경 사유.
- 외국인근로자의 고용 등에 관한 법률 제17조 제1항, 제32조 제7호, 같은 법 시행령 제23조 제1항 제3호, 같은 법 시행규칙 제14조: 외국인근로자의 5일 이상 무단결근 시 사용자에게 부과되는 신고 의무.
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