인천지방법원 | 2018-12-13 | 2017가합54981
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
등기이사 겸 최대주주의 근로기준법상 근로자성 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 근로기준법상 근로자성 불인정으로 징계처분 무효 확인 및 임금 상당액 지급 청구 기각함.
사실관계
- 회사는 야외 생활용품 제조 및 도소매업을 영위하는 회사임.
- 근로자는 피고 대표이사의 차남이자 피고 발행 주식 100,000주 중 45,350주(지분율 45.35%)를 보유한 최대주주임.
- 근로자는 2011. 4. 20.부터 2017. 3.까지 회사의 등기이사로 등재됨.
- 피고 인사위원회는 2017. 1. 10. '담당업무 태만, 근무기강 및 직장질서 문란, 지시 불이행'을 이유로 근로자에 대한 해고의 징계처분을 의결하였고, 회사는 2017. 1. 11. 근로자에게 해고의 징계처분(해당 징계처분)을 통보함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 근로자성 인정 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약 형식에 관계없이 실질적으로 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단함. 종속적인 관계 판단 시 업무 내용, 지휘·감독 여부, 근무시간·장소 구속 여부, 업무 대체성, 비품 소유관계, 보수의 대상적 성격, 근로소득세 원천징수 여부, 근로제공관계의 계속성, 사회보장제도 적용 여부, 경제·사회적 조건 등을 종합적으로 고려함. 회사의 업무집행권을 가진 이사 등 임원은 특별한 사정이 없는 한 사용자의 지휘·감독 아래 고용관계에 있는 것이 아니므로 근로기준법상 근로자라고 할 수 없음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 피고 대표이사의 차남이자 피고 지분 45.35%를 소유한 최대주주임.
- 근로자는 2009년 2월 사원으로 입사하였으나 2년 후인 2011. 4. 20. 등기이사로 선임되어 해당 징계처분 시까지 등기이사 지위를 유지함.
- 근로자는 등기이사로서 회사의 이사회에 참석하여 자금 차입, 급여 인상 등 경영 사항을 논의하고 결의함. 근로자의 주장에 대해 이사회 의사록에 날인된 인영이 다르다는 사실만으로는 근로자의 주장을 인정하기 부족함.
- 근로자는 2013년경 회사의 대출금 채무를 연대보증함.
- 근로자는 2011. 5.경부터 회사의 전산업무 전반을 담당했으며, 2013. 6.경 피고 대표이사의 결정과 달리 ERP 시스템을 새로 구축하기로 결정하고 프로젝트를 진행함.
- 회사가 근로자를 인사위원회에 회부하고 해고 징계처분을 내린 사실만으로는 회사가 근로자를 근로자로 인식했다고 보기에 부족함.
- 위와 같은 사실들을 종합할 때, 근로자가 임금을 목적으로 종속적 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하는 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당한다고 인정하기 부족함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uacb8 \ucd5c\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ubd88\uc778\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \uc9c0\uae09 \uccad\uad6c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc57c\uc678 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc6a9\ud488 \uc81c\uc870 \ubc0f \ub3c4\uc18c\ub9e4\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \ucc28\ub0a8\uc774\uc790 \ud53c\uace0 \ubc1c\ud589 \uc8fc\uc2dd 100,000\uc8fc \uc911 45,350\uc8fc(\uc9c0\ubd84\uc728 45.35%)\ub97c \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c \ucd5c\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2011. 4. 20.\ubd80\ud130 2017. 3.\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c \ub4f1\uc7ac\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2017. 1. 10. '\ub2f4\ub2f9\uc5c5\ubb34 \ud0dc\ub9cc, \uadfc\ubb34\uae30\uac15 \ubc0f \uc9c1\uc7a5\uc9c8\uc11c \ubb38\ub780, \uc9c0\uc2dc \ubd88\uc774\ud589'\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \uc758\uacb0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2017. 1. 11. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84)\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\u00b7\uc7a5\uc18c \uad6c\uc18d \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub300\uccb4\uc131, \ube44\ud488 \uc18c\uc720\uad00\uacc4, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc801 \uc131\uaca9, \uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ub85c\uc81c\uacf5\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uacbd\uc81c\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc870\uac74 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568. \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc9d1\ud589\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\uc0ac \ub4f1 \uc784\uc6d0\uc740 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc544\ub798 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ubbc0\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \ucc28\ub0a8\uc774\uc790 \ud53c\uace0 \uc9c0\ubd84 45.35%\ub97c \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \ucd5c\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2009\ub144 2\uc6d4 \uc0ac\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 2\ub144 \ud6c4\uc778 2011. 4. 20. \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c \uc120\uc784\ub418\uc5b4 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \uc2dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uae08 \ucc28\uc785, \uae09\uc5ec \uc778\uc0c1 \ub4f1 \uacbd\uc601 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub17c\uc758\ud558\uace0 \uacb0\uc758\ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c \uc758\uc0ac\ub85d\uc5d0 \ub0a0\uc778\ub41c \uc778\uc601\uc774 \ub2e4\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2013\ub144\uacbd \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ucd9c\uae08 \ucc44\ubb34\ub97c \uc5f0\ub300\ubcf4\uc99d\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2011. 5.\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc804\uc0b0\uc5c5\ubb34 \uc804\ubc18\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud588\uc73c\uba70, 2013. 6.\uacbd \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uacfc \ub2ec\ub9ac ERP \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc0c8\ub85c \uad6c\ucd95\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud68c\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uace0 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc2dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2002. 7. 26. \uc120\uace0 2000\ub2e427671 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1992. 12. 22. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e428228 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uacb8 \ucd5c\ub300\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uacbd\uc601 \ucc38\uc5ec \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac \uc5ec\ubd80, \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc885\uc18d\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c \ucc38\uc5ec, \ud68c\uc0ac \ucc44\ubb34 \uc5f0\ub300\ubcf4\uc99d, \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uacb0\uc815 \ub4f1\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \ud68c\ubd80\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \ud310\ub2e8\uc740, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc808\ucc28 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uacb0\uc815\uc801 \uae30\uc900\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2002. 7. 26. 선고 2000다27671 판결
- 대법원 1992. 12. 22. 선고 92다28228 판결
검토
- 본 판결은 등기이사 겸 최대주주의 근로기준법상 근로자성 판단에 있어 형식적 지위뿐만 아니라 실질적인 업무 내용, 경영 참여 여부, 재량권 행사 여부, 경제적 종속성 등을 종합적으로 고려해야 함을 명확히 함.
- 특히, 이사회 참여, 회사 채무 연대보증, 독자적인 업무 결정 등은 근로자성을 부정하는 중요한 요소로 작용하였음.
- 회사가 근로자를 인사위원회에 회부하여 징계처분을 내린 사실만으로는 근로자성을 인정하기 어렵다는 판단은, 사용자의 내부 절차 적용 여부가 근로자성 판단의 결정적 기준이 아님을 시사함.