수원지방법원 | 2018-10-19 | 2017가합26877
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징계해직처분 무효 확인 사건: 재량권 일탈·남용 여부
결과 요약
- 회사의 근로자에 대한 2017. 12. 1.자 징계해직처분은 무효임을 확인하고, 소송비용은 회사가 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 1990. 12. 10. 회사의 전신인 C단체에 입사하여 근무하다가 2012. 3. 회사가 C단체로부터 분할 설립됨에 따라 피고 직원으로 근무함.
- 근로자는 2013. 9. 25. 성실의무 및 청렴의무 위반, 금품 수수, 가족 명의 계좌 임의 발급, 사적 금전 거래, 자동화기기 사용 임의 등록 등의 사유로 1차 해직처분을 받음.
- 근로자는 1차 해직처분에 대해 해직무효확인 소송을 제기하였고, 법원은 일부 징계사유만 인정하고 이를 제외한 나머지 사유는 인정할 자료가 없으며, 인정되는 사유만으로는 징계재량권 일탈·남용으로 무효라고 판단하여 선행사건 판결이 확정됨.
- 회사는 2017. 12. 1. 근로자에 대해 D 대출 관련 업무상 횡령(200만 원), E 및 F과의 사적 금전 거래, 자금세탁을 위한 가족 명의 계좌 임의 발급, G 명의 통장 자동화기기 사용 임의 등록, D 경락 자금 대출 시 감정평가수수료 명목 499만 원 부당 수취 및 업무상 횡령을 사유로 이 사건 해직처분을 내림.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
징계 사유의 존재 여부
- 근로자가 2011. 2. 17. D 계좌에서 500만 원을 인출하여 200만 원을 개인적으로 유용함으로써 횡령한 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자가 여신거래고객 E를 대신하여 대출이자를 지급하고 E와 F 명의 적금을 해지하여 대출이자 상당 금원을 대여함으로써 은행업감독규정 및 피고 임직원 행동지침을 위반한 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자가 가족 명의 계좌를 임의 발급하여 금융실명거래 및 비밀보장 규율을 위반한 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자가 G로부터 자동화기기통장 지급 등록신청서를 받지 않은 채 G 명의 계좌에 자동화기기통장지급 등록을 하고 통장 비밀번호를 변경해 준 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자가 D에 대한 대출 과정에서 부동산 감정료 명목으로 499만 원을 현금으로 인출하여 개인적으로 유용함으로써 횡령한 사실이 인정됨.
- 법원은 근로자가 제출한 증거들만으로는 위 징계사유의 존재에 관한 판단을 달리할 수 없다고 보아, 회사가 이 사건 해직처분의 사유로 든 징계사유들이 부존재한다는 근로자의 주장은 받아들일 수 없다고 판단함.
징계 재량권의 일탈·남용 여부
- 징계처분이 위법하다고 하기 위해서는 징계권자가 재량권을 행사하여 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 경우에 한함.
- 해직처분은 사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있는 경우에 정당성이 인정되며, 사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도인지는 사용자의 사업 목적과 성격, 사업장의 여건, 근로자의 지위와 담당직무의 내용, 비위행위의 동기와 경위, 기업의 위계질서에 미칠 영향, 과거의 근무태도 등 여러 사정을 종합적으로 검토하여 판단해야 함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
수원지방법원 제13민사부 판결
사건: 2017가합26877 징계해직처분무효 원고: A 소송대리인 변호사 이상용 피고: B 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 최승욱 변론종결: 2018. 9. 7. 판결선고: 2018. 10. 19.
1. 피고가 2017. 12. 1. 원고에 대하여 한 징계해직처분은 무효임을 확인한다. 2. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 원고는 1990. 12. 10. 피고의 전신인 C단체에 입사하여 근무하다가 2012. 3. 피고가 C단체로부터 분할되어 설립됨에 따라 피고 직원으로 근무하여 왔다. 나. 원고는 피고의 경기영업본부 수원여신관리단 소속 팀장으로 근무하던 중 2013. 9. 25. '원고가 성실의무 및 청렴의무에 관한 피고의 복무규정을 위반하였고, 여신거래 고객으로부터 금품을 수수하여 피고의 복무규정을 위반하였으며, 자금세탁을 위한 가 족명의 계좌를 임의로 발급하였고, 여신거래고객과의 사적금전거래를 하였으며, 여신거래고객 통장의 자동화기기사용을 임의로 등록하였다'는 징계사유로 해직처분(이하 '1차 해직처분'이라 한다)을
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\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc778\uc9c0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc131\uaca9, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc5ec\uac74, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uc9c1\ubb34\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30\uc640 \uacbd\uc704, \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc704\uacc4\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc601\ud5a5, \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub4e4\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \ube44\uc704 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \uacbd\uc704\uc640 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ubcfc \ub54c \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ubaa9\uc801\uc740 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc218\ub2e8\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc778\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud53c\uace0\uc640\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4\uac70\ub098, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ubcc0\uc0c1\uc5c5\ubb34\ucc98\ub9ac\uc900\uce59\uc0c1 \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc9c1\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 '\uace0\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc2e4\ub85c \ub2f9\ud589\uc5d0 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce58\uac8c \ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc2ec\ud788 \ubb38\ub780\ud558\uac8c \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc120\ud589\uc0ac\uac74 \ub610\ud55c \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc81c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec 1\ucc28 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc120\ud589\uc0ac\uac74 \ud655\uc815 \uc774\ud6c4 D\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 499\ub9cc \uc6d0 \ud6a1\ub839 \uac74\uc774 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ucd94\uac00\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 1\ucc28 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc120\ud589\uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uace0\ub824\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc9d0\uc791\ub428.\n- 499\ub9cc \uc6d0 \ud6a1\ub839 \uac74\uc740 1\ucc28 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c D\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 200\ub9cc \uc6d0 \ud6a1\ub839 \uac74\uacfc \uc77c\ub828\uc758 \ub300\ucd9c \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac19\uc740 \uc2dc\uae30\uc758 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ube44\uc704\uc131\uc758 \uac00\uc911 \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \ubc94\ubc95\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd80\uc801\uc808\ud55c \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc804\uc2e0\uc778 C\ub2e8\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc785\uc0ac\ud55c \uc774\ub798 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc57d 27\ub144\uac04 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc678\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c(1\ucc28 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74\uacfc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud568).\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc801\uc2dc\ud55c \uac83 \uc678\uc5d0 \ubb38\uc81c \uc0bc\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uadf8 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uc591\uc815\uc774 \uacfc\ud558\uace0 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \uadf8 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2003. 7. 25. \uc120\uace0 2001\ub45011069 \ud310\uacb0: \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 7. 10. \uc120\uace0 2012\ub2e4100760 \ud310\uacb0: \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubaa9\uc801\uacfc \uc131\uaca9, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uc5ec\uac74, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uc9c1\ubb34\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9, \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ub3d9\uae30\uc640 \uacbd\uc704, \uae30\uc5c5\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce60 \uc601\ud5a5, \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \ud589\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ubb34\ud6a8\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uacfc\uac70 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc774\ubbf8 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ucd94\uac00\ub41c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc911\ub300\uc131 \ubc0f \uae30\uc874 \uc0ac\uc720\uc640\uc758 \uc5f0\uad00\uc131\uc744 \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc5ec \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uc7a5\uae30\uadfc\uc18d\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uacfc\uac70 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubc0f \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc804\ub825 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uc9c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
- 법원은 이 사건 해직처분의 징계사유들이 사실로 인정되더라도, 그 비위 행위의 내용, 경위와 정도에 비추어 볼 때 회사가 이 사건 해직처분을 통해 달성하려는 목적은 다른 징계수단을 통해서도 충분히 가능할 것으로 보인다고 판단함.
- 근로자의 비위행위가 사회통념상 피고와의 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도에 이르렀다거나, 회사의 징계변상업무처리준칙상 징계기준에서 해직사유로 규정하는 '고의 또는 중대한 과실로 당행에 중대한 손해를 끼치게 하거나 질서를 심히 문란하게 한 경우'에 해당한다고 단정하기 어렵다고 판단함.
- 선행사건 또한 위와 같은 제반 사정을 고려하여 1차 해직처분의 위법성을 인정하고 무효로 판단하였음.
- 선행사건 확정 이후 D에 대한 499만 원 횡령 건이 징계사유로 추가되었으나, 이는 1차 해직처분 사유에 명시적으로 포함되지 않았더라도 선행사건의 징계재량권 일탈·남용 판단에 있어 징계양정 사유로 충분히 고려되었을 것으로 짐작됨.
- 499만 원 횡령 건은 1차 해직처분 사유에 포함된 D에 대한 2