서울서부지방법원 | 2015-01-14 | 2014가단2016
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
채권추심 위촉직의 근로자성 인정 및 퇴직금 산정 기준
결과 요약
- 회사는 근로자에게 퇴직금 61,593,132원과 이에 대한 지연손해금을 지급함.
- 근로자의 나머지 청구는 기각함.
- 소송비용은 원고 32%, 피고 68% 부담함.
사실관계
- 회사는 신용정보업 허가를 받아 신용조사업, 채권추심업 등을 영위하는 회사임.
- 근로자는 2003. 9. 16. 피고와 채권추심 등에 관한 위촉계약을 체결하고 채권 영업 업무 등을 담당하다가 2013. 7. 31. 퇴사함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 근로자 해당 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지는 계약의 형식보다 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지에 따라 판단함.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자는 그 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 회사에게 근로를 제공한 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당한다고 판단함.
- 회사는 신용정보업자로서 업무담당자에 대한 강력한 통제가 필요했음.
- 회사는 각 지점을 통해 업무지침을 하달하여 원고 등 위촉 영업직들의 업무방식, 내용, 목표 실적 등에 대해 구체적으로 지시하고, 미달 시 해촉 등 불이익 조치를 통해 강력하게 통제함.
- 위촉직들은 계약해지와 같은 불이익을 피하기 위해 회사의 지시나 교육을 거부하기 어려웠음.
- 근로자는 담당구역이 지정되어 업무량이 한정되었음.
- 근로자는 회사의 지점 사무실 컴퓨터와 지정 프로그램, 사무 집기를 제공받아 업무를 수행함.
- 근로자는 회사의 승낙 없이 제3자에게 업무를 대행하게 할 수 없어 직접 노무를 제공해야 했고, 근무 장소, 출·퇴근 시간, 근무 요일 등이 지정·관리되어 사실상 회사에게 전속되어 업무를 수행함. 계약기간 또한 자동 갱신되어 근로제공의 계속성이 있었음.
- 위촉계약서에 업무수행방법, 금지사항, 수수료지급기준 등 취업규칙을 갈음할 만한 사항들이 다수 포함되어 있고, 징계해고나 정리해고 사유에 해당하는 사유들이 해지사유로 기재되어 있으며, 최초 계약 시 회사의 손해를 배상할 담보로 신원보증서 등이 요구되었음.
- 근로자에게 따로 기본급이나 고정급이 정해져 있지는 않았으나 회사가 정한 방식으로 계산된 수수료가 매월 15일 정기적으로 지급되었고, 이는 근로자가 제공한 근로의 질과 양에 따라 달라지는 것으로서 근로 자체의 대가로 볼 수 있음.
퇴직금 산정 기준
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울서부지방법원 판결
사건: 2014가단2016 퇴직금 원고: A 피고: 서울신용평가정보 주식회사 변론종결: 2014. 11. 26. 판결선고: 2015. 1. 14.
1. 피고는 원고에게 61,593,132원과 이에 대하여 2013. 8. 15.부터 2015. 1. 14.까지는 연 6%, 그 다음 날부터 다 갚는 날까지는 연 20%의 각 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 2. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송비용 중 32%는 원고가, 나머지는 피고가 각 부담한다. 4. 제1항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 기초 사실 피고는 금융위원회로부터 신용정보의 이용 및 보호에 관한 법률에 따른 신용정보업 허가를 받아 신용조사업, 채권추심업 등을 영위하는 회사이다. 원고는 2003. 9. 16. 피고와 채권추심 등에 관한 위촉계약을 체결하고 그때부터 채권 영업 업무 등을 담당하다가 2013. 7. 31. 퇴사하였다. [인정 근거] 다툼 없는 사실, 변론 전체의 취지 2. 주장과 판단 가. 원고 주장 원고는 근로기준법상의 근로자에 해당하므로, 피고는 원고에게
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\uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \ucc44\uad8c \uc601\uc5c5 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 2013. 7. 31. \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c 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\uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uad6c\uc5ed\uc774 \uc9c0\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub7c9\uc774 \ud55c\uc815\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc810 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\uc640 \uc9c0\uc815 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8, \uc0ac\ubb34 \uc9d1\uae30\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ubc1b\uc544 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc2b9\ub099 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc81c3\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub300\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uc811 \ub178\ubb34\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud574\uc57c \ud588\uace0, \uadfc\ubb34 \uc7a5\uc18c, \ucd9c\u00b7\ud1f4\uadfc \uc2dc\uac04, \uadfc\ubb34 \uc694\uc77c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc9c0\uc815\u00b7\uad00\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568. \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub610\ud55c \uc790\ub3d9 \uac31\uc2e0\ub418\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc81c\uacf5\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc704\ucd09\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc218\ud589\ubc29\ubc95, \uae08\uc9c0\uc0ac\ud56d, \uc218\uc218\ub8cc\uc9c0\uae09\uae30\uc900 \ub4f1 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc744 \uac08\uc74c\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\ub098 \uc815\ub9ac\ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\ub4e4\uc774 \ud574\uc9c0\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ucd5c\ucd08 \uacc4\uc57d \uc2dc \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud560 \ub2f4\ubcf4\ub85c \uc2e0\uc6d0\ubcf4\uc99d\uc11c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc694\uad6c\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub530\ub85c \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\uc774\ub098 \uace0\uc815\uae09\uc774 \uc815\ud574\uc838 \uc788\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ub098 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc815\ud55c \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ub41c \uc218\uc218\ub8cc\uac00 \ub9e4\uc6d4 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\uc788\ub294 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud55c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc0b0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2010. 4. 15. \uc120\uace0 2009\ub2e499396 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c37\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c18\uc870 \uc81c3\ud638\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc804 3\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc784\uae08\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \ub9ce\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub300\ub85c \ubc18\uc601\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 **\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc804 1\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uae30\ucd08\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc0b0\uc815\ud568\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n- \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc804 3\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\ub0b4\uc778 2013. 5.\ubd84 \uc218\uc218\ub8cc\uac00 \uc774\ub840\uc801\uc73c\ub85c 21,312,020\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc5ec \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc6d4 \uc218\uc218\ub8cc \ubc94\uc704(2,049,390\uc6d0 ~ 7,526,000\uc6d0)\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub0ac\uc74c.\n- \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc804 1\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 1\uc77c \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08 207,758\uc6d0\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 61,593,132\uc6d0\uc744 \uc0b0\uc815\ud568.\n### \uc2e0\uc758\uce59 \uc704\ubc18 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uccad\uad6c\uac00 \uc2e0\uc758\uce59\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ud56d\ubcc0\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc704\ucd09\uc9c1\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. (\uc624\ud788\ub824 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b0\uc6d4\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ucd09\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud588\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc74c.)\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc815\uaddc\uc9c1\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub192\uc740 \ubcf4\uc218\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 4\ub300 \ubcf4\ud5d8\ub8cc\ub97c \ubd80\ub2f4\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138\ub97c \ub0a9\ubd80\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\uc558\ub2e4 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub294 \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218\uc758\ubb34\uc790\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uc640 \ubb34\uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc784.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc704\ucd09\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uc18d\uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uc758 \ub300\uac00\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568.** \uc774\ub294 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d \ub0b4\uc6a9\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc218\ud589 \ubc29\uc2dd\uacfc \ud1b5\uc81c \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \uc77c\uad00\ub41c \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, **\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uc2dc \ud2b9\uc815 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc774\ub840\uc801\uc778 \uc18c\ub4dd \ubcc0\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc774 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ub2e4\ub978 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815\uc758 \uc720\uc5f0\uc131\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.**\n- \uc2e0\uc758\uce59 \uc704\ubc18 \ud56d\ubcc0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc6b0\uc6d4\uc801 \uc9c0\uc704\uc640 \uc18c\ub4dd\uc138 \ub0a9\ubd80 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc740, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud3b8\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d \ud615\ud0dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\uace0\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 법리: 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 인해 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 산정된 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 예외적인 경우라면, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 산정해야 함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2010. 4. 15. 선고 2009다99396 판결
- 근로기준법 제37조 제2항
- 근로기준법 시행령 제18조 제3호
- 법원의 판단: 근로자의 퇴직 전 3개월 동안의 평균임금은 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금보다 현저히 많다고 인정되므로, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영할 수 있는 퇴직 전 1년 동안의 평균임금을 기초로 퇴직금을 산정함이 타당하다고 판단함.
- 퇴직 전 3개월 이내인 2013. 5.분 수수료가 이례적으로 21,312,020원에 달하여 통상적인 월 수수료 범위(2,049,390원 ~ 7,526,000원)를 크게 벗어났음.
- 퇴직 전 1년 동안의 1일 평균임금 207,758원을 기준으로 퇴직금 61,593,132원을 산정함.
신의칙 위반 여부
- 법원의 판단: 근로자의 퇴직금 청구가 신의칙에 반한다는 회사의 항변은 이유 없다고 판단함.
- 근로자가 자유로운 의사에 따라 위촉직을 선택했다고 볼 증거가 없음. (오히려 회사가 경제적으로 우월한 지위에서 일방적으로 위촉계약을 선택했을 가능성이 높음.)
- 근로자가 정규직보다 높은 보수를 받고 회사가 4대 보험료를 부담하지 않았으며 근로자가 사업소득세를 납부하여