광주지방법원 목포지원 | 2017-05-18 | 2016가합11238
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
퇴직 직원의 기술 유출에 대한 약정금 청구 및 손해배상 예정액 감액 여부
결과 요약
- 회사는 근로자에게 약정금 3억 원 및 지연손해금을 지급함.
- 이 사건 약정이 민법 제103조에 위반되어 무효라는 회사의 주장은 기각됨.
- 이 사건 약정이 손해배상 예정액에 해당하여 감액되어야 한다는 회사의 주장은 기각됨.
사실관계
- 근로자는 선박 설계, 견적 및 감리 등을 주요 사업 분야로 하는 회사임.
- 회사는 근로자의 기술영업부 부장으로 근무하다 2014. 11. 30. 퇴직함.
- 회사는 퇴직 전 '재직 시 업무상 제반 비밀사항을 타인에게 누설하지 않겠다'는 사직원과 '재직 중 취득한 사내정보를 외부에 일절 발설하지 않겠고, 설계도면을 포함한 회사자산을 임의로 외부에 반출하지 않겠다'는 서약서를 작성하여 근로자에게 제출함.
- 회사는 2014. 9. 24.경부터 2014. 10. 21.경까지 원고 서버에 암호화된 설계도면 등 전산파일 18만 여건을 임의로 암호 해제하여 외부로 반출함.
- 회사는 원고 퇴직 다음날 C에 취업하였고, C은 근로자의 상무이사였던 D가 피고와 비슷한 시기에 퇴사하여 설립한 회사임.
- 근로자는 회사의 설계도면 등 반출 사실을 알고 2015. 1. 7. 피고와 이 사건 약정을 체결함.
- 이 사건 약정은 회사가 근로자에게 3억 원을 지급하되, 회사가 10년 내 동종 업계에 종사하는 것을 정지조건으로 하여 지급기일을 유예하는 내용임.
- 회사는 2015. 3.경부터 2015. 4. 21.까지 다시 C의 설계 업무를 수행함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
이 사건 약정의 민법 제103조 위반 여부 (선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서 위반)
- 법리: 계약 내용이 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 위반되는지 여부는 계약 체결 경위, 내용, 목적, 당사자의 지위, 이익 침해 정도 등 제반 사정을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 이 사건 설계도면 등은 근로자가 오랜 기간 축적한 소중한 자산이며, 근로자는 이를 암호화하고 보안 교육을 통해 관리해왔음.
- 회사는 퇴직 시 보안 서약서를 작성했음에도 대량의 설계도면을 무단 반출함.
- 피고 또는 C은 이 사건 설계도면 등을 취득함으로써 상당한 시간과 시행착오를 줄여 경쟁 우위를 점할 수 있음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
광주지방법원목포지원 제1민사부 판결
사건: 2016가합11238 약정금 원고: 주식회사 A 피고: B 변론종결: 2017. 4. 27. 판결선고: 2017. 5. 18.
1. 피고는 원고에게 300,000,000원과 이에 대하여 2016. 6. 30.부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 15%의 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 2. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다. 3. 제1항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 인정사실 가. 원고는 1991년경 설립되어 선박 설계, 견적 및 감리 등을 주요 사업 분야로 하는 회사이고, 피고는 원고의 기술영업부에서 부장으로 근무하다 2014. 11. 30. 퇴직한 사람이다. 나. 피고는 2014. 10. 6. '본인은 퇴직에 따른 사무 인수, 인계의 철저로 최종 퇴사 시까지 책임과 의무를 완수하고 재직 시 업무상 제반 비밀사항을 타인에게 누설하지 않겠다'는 사직원과 2014. 10. 17. '본인은 재직 중 취득한 사내정보를 외부에 일절 발설하지 않겠고, 설계도면을 포함한 회사자산을 임의로 외부에 반출하지 않겠다'는 서약서를 작성하여 원고에게 제출하였고, 2014. 11. 30. 원고에서
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\uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ubd84\uc57c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc601\uc5c5\ubd80 \ubd80\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub2e4 2014. 11. 30. \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc804 '\uc7ac\uc9c1 \uc2dc \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \uc81c\ubc18 \ube44\ubc00\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub204\uc124\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4'\ub294 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc6d0\uacfc '\uc7ac\uc9c1 \uc911 \ucde8\ub4dd\ud55c \uc0ac\ub0b4\uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc77c\uc808 \ubc1c\uc124\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\uace0, \uc124\uacc4\ub3c4\uba74\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc678\ubd80\uc5d0 \ubc18\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uaca0\ub2e4'\ub294 \uc11c\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2014. 9. 24.\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 2014. 10. 21.\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uace0 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ub41c \uc124\uacc4\ub3c4\uba74 \ub4f1 \uc804\uc0b0\ud30c\uc77c 18\ub9cc \uc5ec\uac74\uc744 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc554\ud638 \ud574\uc81c\ud558\uc5ec \uc678\ubd80\ub85c \ubc18\ucd9c\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 C\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc5c5\ud558\uc600\uace0, C\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0c1\ubb34\uc774\uc0ac\uc600\ub358 D\uac00 \ud53c\uace0\uc640 \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc124\ub9bd\ud55c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc124\uacc4\ub3c4\uba74 \ub4f1 \ubc18\ucd9c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uace0 2015. 1. 7. \ud53c\uace0\uc640 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 3\uc5b5 \uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\ub418, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 10\ub144 \ub0b4 \ub3d9\uc885 \uc5c5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc815\uc9c0\uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c 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\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\ub294 \uc99d\uac70(\uc744 \uc81c14\ud638\uc99d)\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0, D\uc758 \uad00\uacc4 \ubc0f \uc790\ub8cc \uc720\ucd9c \uacbd\uc704\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 C\uc774 \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ud611\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uc99d\uac70(\uac11 \uc81c9\ud638\uc99d, \uc744 \uc81c3\ud638\uc99d\uc7581, 2)\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 C \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud569\uc758\ub85c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \ubb34\ud6a8\uac00 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uc608\uc815\uc561\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \uac10\uc561\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc758 \uc608\uc815\uc740 \ucc44\ubb34\ubd88\uc774\ud589 \uc2dc \ucc44\ubb34\uc790\uac00 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc561\uc744 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc190\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0dd \uc0ac\uc2e4 \ubc0f \uc190\ud574\uc561 \uc785\uc99d \uace4\ub780 \ud574\uc18c, \ubd84\uc7c1 \uc0ac\uc804 \ubc29\uc9c0, \ucc44\ubb34 \uc774\ud589 \ud655\ubcf4 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uac00\uc9d0 (\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 11. 13. \uc120\uace0 2008\ub2e446906 \ud310\uacb0 \ub4f1).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \uc55e\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud560 \ucc44\ubb34\ubd88\uc774\ud589\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc561\uc744 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \uc57d\uc815 \uc774\uc804\uc5d0 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uae30\uc220 \uc720\ucd9c \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc561\uc744 \ud569\uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud655\uc815\ud558\uace0 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09\uae30\uc77c\uc744 \uc720\uc608\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc758 \uc608\uc815\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uac10\uc561 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\ubc84\uc5d0 \uc554\ud638\ud654\ub418\uc5b4 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c \uc124\uacc4\ub3c4\uba74 \ub4f1 \uc804\uc0b0\ud30c\uc77c 18\ub9cc \uc5ec\uac74\uc744 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc554\ud638 \ud574\uc81c\ud558\uc5ec \uc678\ubd80\ub85c \ubc18\ucd9c\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \ubc14\ub85c \ub2e4\uc74c\ub0a0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc804 \uc0c1\ubb34\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \uc124\ub9bd\ud55c \uacbd\uc7c1\uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc5c5\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc57d\uc815 \uccb4\uacb0 \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\uc2dc C\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ube44\ubc00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uae30\uc220 \uc720\ucd9c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uccad\uad6c\uc5d0\uc11c, \ud569\uc758\ub41c \uc57d\uc815\uae08\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uacfc \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uc608\uc815\uc561 \uac10\uc561 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uae30\uc220 \uc720\ucd9c\uc758 \uc2ec\uac01\uc131, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ubc0f \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uacc4\ud68d\uc131, \uc57d\uc815\uae08\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc57d\uc815\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uc608\uc815\uc561\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc774\ubbf8 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc190\ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud569\uc758\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uac10\uc561 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uae30\uc220 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc0f \uc601\uc5c5\ube44\ubc00 \uc720\ucd9c \ubc29\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub428.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc0ac\ub85c \uc774\uc9c1\ud558\uba70 \uae30\uc220\uc744 \uc720\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5c4\uc911\ud55c \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3c\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uba70, \uae30\uc5c5\uc740 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc2dc \ubcf4\uc548 \uc11c\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \ubc0f \uae30\uc220 \uc720\ucd9c \ubc29\uc9c0 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \ucca0\uc800\ud788 \ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uae30\uc220 \uc720\ucd9c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \ud569\uc758 \uc2dc, \ud574\ub2f9 \uae08\uc561\uc774 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uc608\uc815\uc561\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub418\uc5b4 \uac10\uc561\ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc904\uc774\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc774\ubbf8 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uc190\ud574\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud655\uc815\uc801 \ud569\uc758\uae08\uc784\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uad6c \uc791\uc131\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 회사가 근로자의 기술영업부 부장으로서 설계 업무를 총괄했고, D가 설립한 C로 이적하면서 자료를 유출한 경위는 개인 소장용이 아닌 C에서의 이용을 위한 계획적 행위로 의심됨.
- 선박 설계업은 급변하는 분야가 아니며, 약정에서 유사 업종의 경우 원고와 합의하여 취업할 가능성을 열어두었음.
- 약정금 3억 원은 민·형사상 합의금을 포함한 것으로, 회사가 입을 수 있는 손해를 고려할 때 과도하다고 보기 어려움.
- 회사가 강요나 강박에 의해 약정을 체결했다는 증거가 없음.
- 회사가 설계도면을 인터넷에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고 퇴직 후 C 업무에 이용하지 않았으며 모두 반환했다는 주장은, 서약서 작성에도 불구하고 대량 반출하고 약정 체결 후에도 C 업무를 비밀리에 수행한 점 등에 비추어 받아들이기 어려움.
- 결론: 이 사건 약정이 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 위반된다고 보기 어려움.
원고와 C 사이의 합의로 이 사건 약정이 무효가 되었는지 여부
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사의 주장에 부합하는 증거(제출된 증거)는 원고와 피고, D의 관계 및 자료 유출 경위에 비추어 신뢰하기 어려움.
- 원고와 C이 별도의 업무협약을 체결한 증거(제출된 증거, 제출된 증거, 2)만으로는 회사의 주장을 인정하기에 부족함.
- 결론: 원고와 C 사이의 합의로 이 사건 약정이 무효가 되었다는 회사의 주장은 이유 없음.
이 사건 약정이 손해배상 예정액에 해당하여 감액되어야 하는지 여부
- 법리: 손해배상의 예정은 채무불이행 시 채무자가 지급할 손해배상액을 미리 정하는 것으로, 손해 발생 사실 및 손해액 입증 곤란 해소, 분쟁 사전