인천지방법원 | 2017-06-16 | 2017고정784
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로기준법상 임금 및 해고예고수당 미지급 사건
결과 요약
- 피고인에게 벌금 700,000원을 선고하고, 미납 시 노역장 유치를 명하며, 벌금 상당액의 가납을 명함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 (주)D의 대표자 및 E의 실경영자로서 상시근로자 3명을 고용하여 도소매업(공산품)을 경영함.
- 피고인은 퇴직 근로자 F, G, H의 2016년 8월 임금 합계 1,576,640원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니함.
- 피고인은 2016. 8. 25. 근로자 F 등 3명을 사전 예고 없이 즉시 해고하면서 해고예고수당 각 1,226,280원을 해고일에 지급하지 아니함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고예고수당 지급 의무 여부 (근로기준법 제35조 제4호 '계절적 업무에 6개월 이내의 기간을 정하여 사용된 자' 해당 여부)
- 법리: 해고예고제도는 근로자가 갑자기 직장을 잃어 생활이 곤란해지는 것을 막는 데 목적이 있음. 근로기준법 제35조는 해고예고 적용 예외를 두어, 근로관계의 계속성에 대한 근로자의 기대가능성이 적고 임시성에 대해 근로자도 용인한다고 볼 수 있는 경우에 한하여 해고예고 절차 없이 해고가 가능하도록 함. '계절적 업무'는 근로관계가 계절적 특성으로 장기간 지속될 수 없다는 점이 당연히 예견되고 근로자들이 이를 충분히 인식할 수 있는 경우로 해석됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 피고인의 사업체는 학교 급식 관련 업무를 담당하여 학교 학기 기간에 근로자들을 고용하였고, F 등은 2014. 11.경부터 2016. 8.경까지 근로계약을 반복적으로 체결하여 근무함.
- F 등 근로자 3명의 근무기간은 짧게는 한 달 이내, 길게는 6개월 정도로 약정되었으나, 계약기간 종료일 다음날 또는 1개월 이내에 재계약을 반복하여 실질적인 근로기간을 6개월 이내의 단기적인 경우로 단정하기 어려움.
- F 등이 근무한 기간 및 각 근로계약을 살펴보면, 1년 이상 근무하면서 근로 중단 기간이 1개월을 초과하지 않았고, 학교 급식 납품 업무의 본래 성질상 계절적 요인으로 반드시 근로가 중단될 수밖에 없는 경우로 보기 어려움.
- F 등은 2016. 3.부터 2016. 7.경까지 근무 후 2016. 8. 초경 다시 근로를 개시하였음에도, 피고인이 개인적인 폐업 등을 이유로 1개월 이내인 2016. 8. 말경까지만 근무하도록 하면서 사실상 해고한 사안에서, F 등이 근로계약이 계절적 요인으로 임시성이 내포되어 언제든지 해고될 수 있다고 예상할 수 있었던 경우로 볼 수 없음.
- 따라서 F 등이 근로기준법 제35조 제4호에서 정한 '계절적 업무에 6개월 이내의 기간을 정하여 사용된 자'에 해당하지 않으므로, 피고인의 주장을 받아들이지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 헌법재판소 2015. 12. 23. 선고 2014헌바3 결정
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
인천지방법원 판결
사건: 2017고정784 근로기준법위반 피고인: A 검사: 박주현(기소), 이상돈(공판) 변호인: 변호사 B(국선) 판결선고: 2017. 6. 16.
피고인을 벌금 700,000원에 처한다. 피고인이 위 벌금을 납입하지 아니하는 경우 100,000원을 1일로 환산한 기간 피고인을 노역장에 유치한다. 위 벌금에 상당한 금액의 가납을 명한다.
범죄사실 피고인은 인천 계양구 C에 소재하는 (주)D 대표자 및 E 실경영자로서 상시근로자 3명을 고용하여 도소매업(공산품)을 경영한 사용자이다. 1. 사용자는 근로자가 사망 또는 퇴직한 경우에는 그 지급 사유가 발생한 때부터 14일 이내에 임금, 보상금, 그 밖에 일체의 금품을 지급하여야 한다. 다만, 특별한 사정이 있을 경우에는 당사자 사이의 합의에 의하여 기일을 연장할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 피고인은 위 사업장에서 2016. 8. 18.부터 2016. 8. 31.까지 근로한 F의 2016. 8월 임금 513,320원, 같은 기간 근로한 G의 2016. 8월 임금 513,320원, 2016. 8. 17.부터 2
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\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uace0\uc758\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc7a5\uc744 \ucd08\ub798\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc0c1 \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce5c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub85c\uc11c \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\ubd80\ub839\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c35\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc608\uc678)**: \uc81c26\uc870\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uac01 \ud638\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.\n1. \uc77c\uc6a9\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c 3\uac1c\uc6d4\uc744 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uc790\n2. 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\ub0b4\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc790\n3. \uacc4\uc808\uc801 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 6\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\ub0b4\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc790\n4. \uc218\uc2b5 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \uc911\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c36\uc870(\uae08\ud488 \uccad\uc0b0)**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\ub9dd \ub610\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ub54c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc784\uae08, \ubcf4\uc0c1\uae08, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uae08\ud488\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud569\uc758\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c109\uc870(\uae08\ud488 \uccad\uc0b0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc704\ubc18)**: \uc81c36\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uc790\ub294 3\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uc5ed \ub610\ub294 3\ucc9c\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \ubc8c\uae08\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c110\uc870(\ubc8c\uce59)**: \ub2e4\uc74c \uac01 \ud638\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub294 2\ub144 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \uc9d5\uc5ed \ub610\ub294 2\ucc9c\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\ud558\uc758 \ubc8c\uae08\uc5d0 \ucc98\ud55c\ub2e4.\n1. \uc81c26\uc870\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uc790\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc778 '\uacc4\uc808\uc801 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 6\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc774\ub0b4\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc790'\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uae30\ub300\uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uae30 \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc784\uc2dc\uc131\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc2e4\uc81c \uadfc\ubb34 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c \uc911\ub2e8 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc9e7\uc73c\uba70 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc758 \ubcf8\uc9c8\uc0c1 \uacc4\uc808\uc801 \uc694\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uac00 \uc911\ub2e8\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0dd\uc874\uad8c \ubcf4\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc785\ubc95 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \ud310\uc2dc\ub85c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d \ud615\ud0dc\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc801 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 근로기준법 제26조(해고의 예고): 사용자는 근로자를 해고하려면 적어도 30일 전에 예고를 하여야 하고, 30일 전에 예고를 하지 아니하였을 때에는 30일분 이상의 통상임금을 지급하여야 한다. 다만, 천재·사변, 그 밖의 부득이한 사유로 사업을 계속하는 것이 불가능한 경우 또는 근로자가 고의로 사업에 막대한 지장을 초래하거나 재산상 손해를 끼친 경우로서 고용노동부령으로 정하는 사유에 해당하는 경우에는 그러하지 아니하다.
- 근로기준법 제35조(해고예고의 적용 예외): 제26조는 다음 각 호의 어느 하나에 해당하는 근로자에게는 적용하지 아니한다.
1. 일용근로자로서 3개월을 계속 근무하지 아니한 자
2. 2개월 이내의 기간을 정하여 사용된 자
3. 계절적 업무에 6개월 이내의 기간을 정하여 사용된 자
4. 수습 사용 중인 근로자
- 근로기준법 제36조(금품 청산): 사용자는 근로자가 사망 또는 퇴직한 경우에는 그 지급 사유가 발생한 때부터 14일 이내에 임금, 보상금, 그 밖의 모든 금품을 지급하여야 한다. 다만, 특별한 사정이 있을 경우에는 당사자 사이의 합의에 의하여 기일