대전지방법원 천안지원 | 2022-02-18 | 2021가합102662
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
징계해직 및 변상처분 무효 확인 및 임금 지급 청구
판결 결과
회사의 해직 및 변상처분(4,092만원)은 무효이며, 회사는 근로자에게 미지급 임금과 복직까지의 임금을 지급해야 함.
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사건의 경과
- 근로자는 회사의 C사업소 공장장으로 근무
- 2021년 3월 12일: 회사가 책임소재 소명 기회 제공
- 2021년 3월 16일: 근로자가 소명의견서 제출, 같은 날 인사위원회 개최하여 해직 의결
- 2021년 3월 17일: 회사가 해직 및 변상처분 통보
- 2021년 4월 15일: 회사가 재의결하여 처분 유지
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핵심 쟁점과 법원 판단
1️⃣ 징계사유의 실질성
근로자의 잘못이 인정된 부분:
- D웨딩홀 외상거래에서 현금판매 원칙, 여신한도, 계약서 작성 등 규정 미준수
- 떡 제품 생산·포장 과정의 문제 관리·감독 소홀 및 상급자 보고 의무 위반
- 계약직 직원 5명 채용 시 정상적 절차 미이행
2️⃣ 변상처분의 무효 ⚠️
가장 중요한 판단:
- 회사 규정상 변상처분도 인사위원회 의결이 필요함
- 인사위원회 의사록에는 해직 의결만 있고 변상처분은 의결되지 않음
- 따라서 변상처분은 절차 위반으로 무효
3️⃣ 해고통지 적법성
- 근로자가 사전에 '책임소재 소명안내'로 징계사유를 충분히 인식
- 소명서 제출로 충분히 대응 가능했던 상황
- 해고통지서의 구체적 사유 기재 부족도 위법 아님
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확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
대전지방법원천안지원 제1민사부 판결
사건: 2021가합102662 해고무효확인 원고: A 소송대리인 변호사 정현우 피고: B조합 소송대리인 법무법인 안정 담당변호사 박혜숙 변론종결: 2022. 1. 21. 판결선고: 2022. 2. 18.
1. 피고가 원고에게 한 2021. 3. 17.자 해직 및 변상 40,920,000원의 징계처분은 무효임을 확인한다. 2. 피고는 원고에게, 가. 17,055,323원 및 이에 대하여 2021. 6. 15.부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 12%의 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하고, 나. 2021. 6. 1.부터 원고가 복직할 때까지 매월 21일에 6,866,429원의 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 3. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다. 4. 제2항은 가집행할 수 있다.
1. 기초사실 가. 원고는 피고의 C사업소에서 '공장장'이라는 직명으로 근무하고 있었다. 나. 피고는 2021. 3. 12. 원고에게 '책임소재에 대한 소명의견서 제출 안내'를 통해 B 조합인사위원회가 2021. 3. 16. 10시에 개최될 예정임을 알리면서, '책임소재'에 대하여 소명할 의견이 있으면 2021. 3. 15. 17시까지 송부하여 줄 것을 요청하였다. 위 '책임 소재에 대한 소명의견서 제출 안내'에는 아래와 같은 내용의 '책임소재'가 첨부되어 있다(이하 아래 각 책임소재 순번에 따라 '이 사건 제○징계사유'라 하고, 통칭하여 '이 사건 각 징계사유'라 한다). <table_bc id="2_1" src="2
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\uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uace0, \uc9c1\ubb34\ubc94\uc704\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucc28\uc0c1\uc704 \uc9c1\uc704\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \ubd80\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubcf4\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \ucc45\uc784 \ubc0f \ubcf4\uace0 \uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c3\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 (\uacc4\uc57d\uc9c1 \uc9c1\uc6d0 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc5c5\ubb34 \ucde8\uae09 \uc18c\ud640):**\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacfc\uc7a5\ubcf4 J\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uacc4\uc57d\uc9c1 \uc9c1\uc6d0 5\uba85\uc744 \ucc44\uc6a9\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc815\ud55c \ucc44\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uae09\ubc15\ud55c \ucc44\uc6a9 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ucc44\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uac70\uce58\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc0c1\uc784\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uacb0\uc7ac\ub294 \uc0ac\ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc9c1\uc6d0 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc5c5\ubb34 \ucde8\uae09 \uc18c\ud640\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c4\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 (\ucd9c\uc7a5, \ud734\uac00 \ubb34\ub2e8 \uc0ac\uc6a9):**\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 13\ucc28\ub840\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ucd9c\uc7a5, \ud734\uac00\ub97c \ubb34\ub2e8 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uc7a5, \ud734\uac00\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c4\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n### \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub9e1\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc704\ubc95\ud568. \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc131\uc9c8, \uc9d5\uacc4 \ubaa9\uc801, \uc591\uc815 \uae30\uc900 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9d5\uacc4\ud610\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc804\uccb4 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c1\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720:** \uc678\uc0c1\uac70\ub798 \uaddc\uc815 \uc900\uc218 \uc18c\ud640\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub098, \uc9d5\uacc4\ubcc0\uc0c1 \uc5c5\ubb34\ucc98\ub9ac\uc900\uce59\uc0c1 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720\uc778 '\uace0\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc2e4\ub85c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\uce58\uac70\ub098 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \uc2ec\ud788 \ubb38\ub780\ud558\uac8c \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \ubbf8\uc218\uae08\ub3c4 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcc0\uc81c\ub418\uc5b4 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ub07c\ucce4\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c2\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720:** \uc0ac\uace0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uacfc\uc2e4\uc740 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ucc28\uc0c1\uc704 \uc9c1\uc704\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\uace0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc798\ubabb\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub098, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \uadc0\ucc45\uae08\uc561 \uc0b0\uc815 \uadfc\uac70\ub3c4 \uba85\ud655\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc81c3\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720:** \ucc44\uc6a9 \uc808\ucc28 \ubbf8\uc900\uc218\ub294 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub098, \ud53c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ucc98\ub7fc \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \uc911\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ubcc0\uc0c1\uaddc\uc815 \ubc0f \uc9d5\uacc4\ubcc0\uc0c1 \uc5c5\ubb34\ucc98\ub9ac\uc900\uce59\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ubcfc \ub54c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc5b4\ub290 \uae30\uc900\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \ubb3c\ub860 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub800\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubcc0\uc0c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \ubcc0\uc0c1\uc561(40,920,000\uc6d0)\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ubcc4 \uadc0\ucc45\uae08\uc561 \ud569\uc0b0\uc561(29,060,000\uc6d0 + 4,860,000\uc6d0 = 33,920,000\uc6d0)\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub9ce\uc73c\uba70, \uc81c1\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \uad00\ub828 \ubbf8\uc218\uae08\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubcc0\uc81c\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc81c2\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720 \uad00\ub828 \uc190\ud574\uc561\ub3c4 \ud53c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc801\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- K\ub2e8\uccb4 \ucda9\ub0a8\uac80\uc0ac\uad6d\uc7a5\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uc9c1\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uae30 \ubb34\ub9ac\uc774\uba70, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uae30\uc900\uc774\ub098 \ub3d9\uc77c \uc0ac\ub840 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc218\uc900\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \uc0c1\ud5a5 \uc758\uacb0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c0\uc801\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uc9c1\uc740 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \uacfc\ub3c4\ud558\uac8c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc73c\ub85c \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2002. 8. 23. \uc120\uace0 2000\ub2e460890,60906 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 3. 24. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub2e421962 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uccad\uad6c\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0 \uc2dc\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc2dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc600\ub354\ub77c\uba74 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 2020\ub144 \uc6d4\ud3c9\uade0 \uc784\uae08\uc740 6,866,429\uc6d0\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 2021. 3. 17.\ubd80\ud130 2021. 5. 31.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 17,055,323\uc6d0 \ubc0f \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 2021. 6. 1.\ubd80\ud130 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc2dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub9e4\uc6d4 21\uc77c\uc5d0 6,866,429\uc6d0\uc758 \ube44\uc728\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud55c \ub3c8\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uc18c\uc1a1\ucd09\uc9c4 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ud2b9\ub840\ubc95\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uacfc \uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc801\uc815\uc131\uc744 \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uc2ec\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc11c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc18c\uba85 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \uac00\uc84c\ub2e4\uba74 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf8 \uc810\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uc11d\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ubcc0\uc0c1\ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc758\uacb0 \ub204\ub77d\uc744 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc704\ubc18\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc808\ucc28 \uc900\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacbd\uac01\uc2ec\uc744 \ub192\uc774\ub294 \ud310\uacb0\uc784.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uacbd\uc911\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ube44\uc704\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4, \ud68c\uc0ac \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc9d5\uacc4\uae30\uc900\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc678\ubd80 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc758\uacac \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc74c. \uc774\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc790\uc758\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uacac\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud655\ubcf4\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub428.\n- \ubcc0\uc0c1\uc561 \uc0b0\uc815\uc758 \ubd88\uba85\ud655\uc131 \ub610\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \uc2dc \uba85\ud655\ud55c \uadfc\uac70 \uc81c\uc2dc\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
실무 시사점
변상처분은 별도 의결 필요 - 해직 의결만으로는 부족
징계절차는 진행했으나 변상 절차는 미흡 - 절차 하자로 변상처분 무효
소명기회 사전 제공은 긍정 평가 - 절차적 정당성 확보에 유리