서울고등법원 | 2016-05-13 | 2014나2030047
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
사업 폐쇄로 인한 근로관계 종료 시 해고무효확인 소의 이익 및 퇴직금 산정 기준
결과 요약
- 원고들의 주위적 청구인 해고무효확인 청구는 확인의 이익이 없어 각하하고, 예비적 청구인 퇴직금 청구는 일부 인용함.
사실관계
- 회사는 2007년 전자기타 제조업을 영위하던 회사로, 2007. 4. 12. 원고들을 포함한 27명의 근로자를 정리해고(1차 해고)함.
- 1차 해고는 행정소송 및 민사소송을 통해 부당해고임이 확정되었으나, 민사소송 항소심에서 원고들의 해고무효확인 청구는 '공장 폐쇄 및 사업 폐지로 인한 지위 회복 불가능'을 이유로 각하되고, 2008. 8. 31.까지의 임금 지급 의무만 인정됨.
- 회사는 2008. 8. 31. 경영 악화를 이유로 부평공장을 폐쇄하고, 남아있던 근로자 9명을 정리해고(2차 해고)함.
- 2차 해고는 관련 소송에서 '긴박한 경영상 필요성' 요건을 충족하여 유효하다는 판결이 확정됨.
- 회사는 2012. 5. 31. 원고들에게 '사업폐지, 경영상 사유'를 해고사유로 하여 해고 통지(해당 해고)를 하였는데, 이는 이미 근로관계가 종료되었음을 명확히 하기 위함이라고 밝힘.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고무효확인 소의 이익
- 해고무효확인의 소는 근로계약에 기한 원래의 지위를 회복하거나 해고로 인한 권리 또는 법률상 지위에 대한 현존하는 위험이나 불안을 제거하기 위해 유효, 적절한 수단이 되는 경우에 한하여 확인의 이익이 인정됨.
- 사용자가 사업장을 실질적으로 폐업하여 근로자가 복귀할 사업장이 없어진 경우, 사업체의 존속을 전제로 하는 근로계약관계는 유효하게 종료되므로 해고무효확인을 구할 이익이 없음.
- 여러 사업부문 중 하나의 사업부문을 폐지하는 경우, 원칙적으로 사업축소에 해당하나, 폐쇄되는 사업부문이 존속하는 다른 사업부문과 업무 성질이 전혀 달라 전환배치가 사실상 불가능한 경우 해당 사업부문 전체가 완전히 폐지되었다고 볼 수 있음.
- 법원은 회사가 전자기타 제조업의 수익성 악화로 사업 자체를 폐지하기로 결정하고, 2008. 8. 31. 부평공장을 폐쇄하며, 공장 및 기계장치를 매각 또는 임대하고, 법인등기부상 사업 목적 및 사업자등록증상 사업 종류를 변경하는 등 전자기타 제조업을 완전히 폐지한 것으로 판단함.
- 원고들이 종사한 전자기타 제조업과 회사의 존속 사업부문인 동산, 부동산 임대업은 업무 내용이 전혀 다르고, 동산, 부동산 임대업은 고정적인 인력 고용이 필요한 사업이 아니므로 전환배치가 기대하기 어렵다고 봄.
- 따라서 원고들과 피고 사이의 근로계약관계는 2008. 8. 31. 이미 종료되었으므로, 해당 해고의 무효확인을 구하는 주위적 청구는 확인의 이익이 없어 부적법하다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심 판결을 다음과 같이 변경한다. 가. 이 사건 주위적 청구를 각하한다. 나. 피고는 원고들에게 별지 표 '인용금액'란 기재 각 돈과 이에 대하여 2012. 6.15.부터 2016. 5. 13.까지는 연 6%, 그 다음 날부터 갚는 날까지는 연 20%의 각 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 다. 원고들의 나머지 예비적 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송총비용 중 70%는 원고들이, 30%는 피고가 각 부담한다. 3. 제1의 나.항은 가집행할 수 있다.
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\uc778\uc801, \ubb3c\uc801 \uc124\ube44\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\uba70, \uc7ac\ubb34 \ubc0f \ud68c\uacc4\uac00 \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc6b4\uc601\ub41c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568.**\n- **\ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc7a5 \ud3d0\uc1c4 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\ud0c0 \uc81c\uc870 \uad00\ub828 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc0ad\uc81c\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790\ub4f1\ub85d\uc99d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc885\ub958\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0 \uc784\ub300\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \ubd80\ud3c9\uacf5\uc7a5\uc744 \ud0c0\uc5d0 \uc784\ub300\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub9e4\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uae30\uacc4\uc124\ube44\ub97c \uc804\ubd80 \ub9e4\uac01\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ud0c0\ub97c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubb3c\uc801 \uc124\ube44\ub97c \uac16\ucd94\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uc810\uc744 \uc9c0\uc801\ud568.**\n- **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc7a5 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uac00 \uc704\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc5c5\ud3d0\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uad00\uacc4\ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uc5ec \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud0c0 \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uc744 \uc601\uc704\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n### \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uacfc \ud53c\uace0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc7a5 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc77c\uc778 2008. 8. 31. \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\ub358 \uc804\uc790\uae30\ud0c0 \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub428\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ubbf8 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.**\n- **\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc7a5\ub798 \ubc95\uc801 \ubd84\uc7c1 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc744 \ub300\ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud55c \uac83 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.**\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc608\ube44\uc801 \uccad\uad6c\uc5d0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc120\ud574\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n- **\ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c 2007. 4. 13.\ubd80\ud130 2008. 8. 31.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.**\n- **\uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc774 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 2012. 6. 15.\ubd80\ud130 \ub2f9\uc2ec \ud310\uacb0 \uc120\uace0\uc77c\uc778 2016. 5. 13.\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5f0 6%, \uadf8 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \uac1a\ub294 \ub0a0\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uc5f0 20%\uc758 \ube44\uc728\ub85c \uacc4\uc0b0\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c37\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c17\uc870, \uc81c18\uc870 \uc81c3\ud638\n- \uc0c1\ubc95\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2008\ub144 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub9e4\ucd9c\uc561 \ub300\ube44 \uc778\uac74\ube44 \ube44\uc911\uc774 \ub3d9\uc885 \uc5c5\uacc4\uc758 2\ubc30\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc218\uc8fc\ub7c9\uc774 2004\ub144 \uc774\ub798 \uacc4\uc18d \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc5ec 2007\ub144 \uc218\uc8fc\ub7c9\uc740 2004\ub144\uc758 \uc808\ubc18\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc601\uc5c5\uc774\uc775\uc740 2005\ub144\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 2003\ub144 \uc774\ub798 \uacc4\uc18d \uc801\uc790\ub97c \uae30\ub85d\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ucd5c\ub300 \uace0\uac1d\uc774\ub358 \uc77c\ubcf8 'AD'\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \uc81c\ud488\uc758 \ud488\uc9c8 \uc800\ud558 \ubc0f \ub0a9\uae30 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c 2009\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\ub9e4 \uc911\ub2e8\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568.\n- 1\ucc28 \ud574\uace0 \ud6c4 \ub0a8\uc544\uc788\ub358 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 122\uba85 \uc911 113\uba85\uc774 \uba85\uc608\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc5ec 2008. 8.\uacbd 9\uba85\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub9cc \ub0a8\uac8c \ub418\uc5b4 \ubd80\ud3c9\uacf5\uc7a5\uc758 \uac00\ub3d9\uc774 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud574\uc9d0.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2012. 3. ~ 5. \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac 1\uc778\uc744 \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc784\uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc600\uace0, \ud604\uc7ac \ubcf4\uc720 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uc744 \ud1b5\ud55c \uc784\ub300 \uc218\uc775 \uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc601\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uae30\uc5c5\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uac00 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubd80\ubb38 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubd80\ubb38\uc774 \ud3d0\uc9c0\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubd80\ubb38 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uc804\ud658\ubc30\uce58 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \uc18c\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704 \ud68c\ubcf5 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ud3d0\uc1c4\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc6d0\uc9c1 \ubcf5\uadc0\uac00 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ud655\uc778\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc18c\uc1a1 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uce21\uba74\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc5ec, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uc77c\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \ud3d0\uc1c4\uc77c\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc0b0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 대법원 1991. 12. 24. 선고 91누2762 판결
위장 사업폐지 여부
- 원고들은 회사가 관계회사들을 통해 사실상 종전과 마찬가지로 기타 제조 관련 사업을 계속 영위하고 있으므로 해당 사안 공장 폐쇄는 위장 사업폐지에 불과하다고 주장함.
- 법원은 피고 관계회사들이 해당 사안 공장 폐쇄 전부터 회사와 별도의 법인으로 설립되어 서로 다른 사업을 영위하고 있었고, 인적, 물적 설비도 지역적으로 분리되어 있었으며, 재무 및 회계가 분리되어 운영된 점 등을 종합적으로 고려함.
- 회사가 해당 사안 공장 폐쇄 이후 기타 제조 관련 사업을 삭제하고, 사업자등록증상 사업 종류도 부동산 임대업으로 변경하였을 뿐만 아니라, 부평공장을 타에 임대하거나 매각하고, 기계설비를 전부 매각함으로써 국내에서 자체적으로 기타를 생산하기 위한 물적 설비를 갖추지 못하게 된 점을 지적함.
- 따라서 해당 사안 공장 폐쇄가 위장 사업폐지에 불과하고, 회사가 관계회사를 통하여 계속하여 전자기타 제조업을 영위하고 있다는 원고들의 주장을 인정하기 어렵다고 판단함.
퇴직금 지급 의무의 범위
- 원고들과 피고 사이의 근로계약관계는 해당 사안 공장 폐쇄일인 2008. 8