서울고등법원 | 2024-11-01 | 2023나2037330
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
하도급 공사 현장 근로자의 사용자 판단 및 해고 무효 확인의 이익 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 해고 또는 근로계약 갱신 거절 무효 확인 청구는 확인의 이익이 없어 각하함.
- 근로자의 임금 및 퇴직금 청구는 회사가 근로자의 사용자임을 인정할 증거가 부족하여 기각함.
사실관계
- 회사는 C 주식회사로부터 E 신축공사 중 일부를 하도급받아 1공구 공사(기계설비공사)와 2공구 공사를 진행하였음.
- 회사는 1공구 공사 중 '배관 제작 및 설치공사'를 J 주식회사에 하도급하였음.
- 근로자는 2020. 3.부터 2020. 12.까지 회사와 매월 근로계약서를 작성하고 1공구 공사에서 배관설치 업무를 수행하였음.
- 근로자는 2020. 11. 12. 1공구 공사 중 무릎 통증을 느껴 '좌측 슬관절 외측 반월상 연골 파열, 좌측 슬관절 외측 반월상 연골 낭종' 진단을 받고 산업재해 요양·보험급여 결정을 받았음.
- 근로자에 대한 근로계약은 2020. 12. 31. 이후 갱신되지 않아 근로자는 2021. 1. 1.부터 근로하지 못하였음.
- 근로자는 2공구 공사 종료 시까지 근로계약이 갱신될 정당한 기대권이 있었음에도 회사가 갱신을 거절한 것은 부당해고로 무효라고 주장하며, 해고 무효 확인 및 임금, 퇴직금 지급을 청구하였음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고 무효 확인 청구의 확인의 이익 여부
- 법리: 해고 무효 확인의 소는 근로계약상 지위 회복을 목적으로 함. 사실심 변론종결 당시 이미 정년을 지났거나 근로자 지위 회복이 불가능하게 된 경우 확인의 이익이 없음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 1, 2공구 공사는 변론종결일 현재 모두 완료되었음.
- 근로자가 주장하는 형사고소 및 고용노동청 진정 계획은 근로계약상 지위 회복 목적이 아니므로 민사상 확인의 이익이 될 수 없음.
- 근로자가 회사의 근로자 지위를 회복하는 것이 불가능하게 되었으므로, 확인청구 부분은 확인의 이익이 없어 부적법함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2004. 7. 22. 선고 2002다57362 판결
- 대법원 2016. 8. 24. 선고 2016다224077 판결
임금 및 퇴직금 청구에 대한 사용자 판단
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고가 이 법원에서 추가 및 변경한 청구를 포함하여, 제1심판결을 다음과 같이 변경한다. 가. 이 사건 소 중 확인청구 부분을 각하한다. 나. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송 총비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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(\uc548\uc804\uad50\uc721 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub294 \ud558\ub3c4\uae09 \uacc4\uc57d\uc0c1 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \uc774\ud589, \uc0c1\ud574 \uc124\uba85 \ubc0f \uc0b0\uc7ac \uc2e0\uccad \ubb38\uc758\ub294 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uacfc \ubb34\uad00)\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: **\ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc784\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1999. 2. 9. \uc120\uace0 97\ub2e456235 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2012. 5. 24. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub2e4107071, 107088 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2020. 4. 29. \uc120\uace0 2018\ub2e4263519 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uac74\uc124\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9\uac1c\uc120 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c10\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n### \uc7ac\ud310\uc0c1 \uc790\ubc31 \ub610\ub294 \uc790\ubc31\uac04\uc8fc \uc131\ub9bd \uc8fc\uc7a5 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uae30\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\ubc29\ubc95 \uc8fc\uc7a5\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**:\n- \uc7ac\ud310\uc0c1 \uc790\ubc31\uc740 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc9c4\uc220\uc774\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uce68\ubb35\uc774\ub098 \ubd88\ubd84\uba85\ud55c \uc9c4\uc220\ub85c\ub294 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \uc790\ubc31\uac04\uc8fc\ub294 \ubcc0\ub860 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \ub2e4\ud230 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba74 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uad8c\ub9ac\uad00\uacc4\ub098 \ubc95\ub960\ud6a8\uacfc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c4\uc220\uc740 \uad8c\ub9ac\uc790\ubc31\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ubc95\uc6d0\uc744 \uae30\uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70 \uc790\uc720\ub85c\uc774 \ucca0\ud68c \uac00\ub2a5\ud568.\n- \uc2e4\uae30\ud55c \uacf5\uaca9\u00b7\ubc29\uc5b4\ubc29\ubc95\uc740 \uace0\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uacfc\uc2e4\ub85c \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \ub118\uaca8 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc5ec \uc18c\uc1a1 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \uc57c\uae30\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568. \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc81c1\uc2ec\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud1b5\ud2c0\uc5b4 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- **\uc7ac\ud310\uc0c1 \uc790\ubc31 \ub610\ub294 \uc790\ubc31\uac04\uc8fc \uc8fc\uc7a5**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c '\ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc774\ub2e4'\uace0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \ubc14 \uc5c6\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\uc5d0 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ud22c\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc790\ubc31\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- '\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc5ec\ubd80'\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c4\uc220\uc774\ub77c\uae30\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uac04\uc811\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ubc14\ud0d5\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\u00b7\ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \uad8c\ub9ac\uad00\uacc4 \ub610\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c \uad8c\ub9ac\uc790\ubc31\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc6d0\uc744 \uae30\uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \ub2e4\ud22c\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc790\ubc31\uac04\uc8fc\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\ub294 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uc2e4\uae30\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\ubc29\ubc95 \uc8fc\uc7a5**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc18c\uc1a1\ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc744 \uc120\uc784\ud558\uc5ec \ud56d\uc18c\uc774\uc720\uc11c \ubc0f \ub2f5\ubcc0\uc11c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ubcc0\ub860 \uc18d\ud589\uc744 \ud76c\ub9dd\ud55c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \ub118\uaca8 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uac70\ub098 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc2dc\ucf30\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc7ac\ud310\uc0c1 \uc790\ubc31 \ub610\ub294 \uc790\ubc31\uac04\uc8fc \uc131\ub9bd \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \uc2e4\uae30\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\ubc29\ubc95 \uc8fc\uc7a5 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2021. 7. 29. \uc120\uace0 2018\ub2e4267900 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2022. 4. 14. \uc120\uace0 2021\ub2e4280781 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1992. 2. 14. \uc120\uace0 91\ub2e431494 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2007. 8. 23. \uc120\uace0 2005\ub2e465449 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1973. 10. 10. \uc120\uace0 73\ub2e4907 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2013. 3. 28. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e462274 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 9. 24. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e421305 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2017. 5. 17. \uc120\uace0 2017\ub2e41097 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c150\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n- \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c288\uc870\n- \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c149\uc870\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud558\ub3c4\uae09 \uacf5\uc0ac \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\ub3c4\uae09\uc778\uc758 \ud604\uc7a5 \ucd9c\uc785 \ud1b5\uc81c \ubc29\uce68\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uccb4\uacb0\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0, \uae09\uc5ec \uc9c0\uae09, \uc77c\ubd80 4\ub300 \ubcf4\ud5d8 \uac00\uc785 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc2e4\uc81c \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\uc2dc \ubc0f \ubcf4\uace0 \uccb4\uacc4, \uadfc\ud0dc \uad00\ub9ac, \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc7ac\ud574 \ucc98\ub9ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ud655\uc778\uc758 \uc774\uc775 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uacfc\uac70\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\uad00\uacc4 \ud655\uc778\uc740 \uc6d0\uce59\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc9c0\uc704 \ud68c\ubcf5\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud655\uc778\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \uc7ac\ud310\uc0c1 \uc790\ubc31 \ubc0f \uc2e4\uae30\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\ubc29\ubc95 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc18c\uc1a1 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uacf5\uc815\uc131\uacfc \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \ubc29\uc5b4\uad8c \ubcf4\uc7a5\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568."}
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자 여부 및 사용자는 계약 형식과 관계없이 실질적인 근로관계를 기준으로 판단함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자의 주장(회사가 사용자라는 주장)에 부합하는 사정:
- 원회사가 매월 근로계약서를 작성하였고, 계약서에 회사가 사용자로 명시됨.
- 근로자가 회사를 사용자로 한 고용보험·산업재해보상보험에 가입되어 있었음.
- 회사가 근로자에게 급여를 직접 지급하였음.
- 회사가 근로자를 위하여 건설근로자 퇴직공제금을 적립하였음.
- 회사가 사용자가 아니라는 판단 근거:
- 근로자는 J 직원들로부터 구체적인 지휘·감독을 받았음. (출근 보고, 업무 지시, 근태 관리 등)
- 근로자는 조퇴 등 보고를 J 총괄팀장에게 하였고, J 임직원들은 근로자의 산업재해 인정 과정에서 근로자를 '자신의 직원'으로 진술하였음.
- J가 근로자의 산업재해 신청에 대응하기 위해 노무사 선임 계약을 하였음.
- L, M, O(J 직원)와 근로자는 J로부터 사업소득을 얻었고, 회사의 직원으로 4대 보험에 가입되지 않았음.
- 회사가 원고 등 J 근로자들과 형식적인 근로계약서를 작성하고 급여를 직접 지급한 것은 원도급인(D)의 '회사와 근로계약서를 체결한 근로자만 현장 출입 가능' 방침 때문이었음.
- 회사는 근로자에게 직접 급여를 지급하면서도 근로소득세가 아닌 사업소득세를 공제하였음.
- 근로자가 제출한 증거만으로는 회사의 업무상 지휘·감독을 인정하기 부족함. (안전교육 지시는 하도급 계약상 회사의 책임 이행, 상해 설명 및 산재 신청 문의는 지휘·감독과 무관)
- 결론: 회사가 근로자의 사용