광주고등법원 | 2024-05-30 | 2023나26270
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
폐과로 인한 교원 직권면직 처분의 재량권 일탈·남용 여부 및 손해배상 책임
결과 요약
- 폐과로 인한 교원 직권면직 처분이 재량권을 일탈·남용하여 무효임을 확인하고, 회사는 근로자에게 직권면직으로 인한 손해배상금 및 지연손해금을 지급함.
사실관계
- 회사는 C대학교를 설립·운영하는 법인이고, 근로자는 2000. 3. 1.부터 2022. 2. 28.까지 C대 교원으로 근무함.
- C대는 2019. 2. 27. H과를 폐과하는 처분을 하였고, 2019. 3. 1. H과의 폐과를 공포함.
- C대 소속학과 변경심의위원회는 2020. 6. 30. 근로자를 기준점수 미충족에 따른 직권면직 대상자로 심의함.
- C대는 2021. 7. 1. 근로자에게 2022. 2. 28. 직권면직 예정임을 통보함.
- C대 소속학과 변경심의위원회는 2022. 2. 8. 근로자의 점수를 60.8점으로 산정하였고, C대 교원인사위원회는 2022. 2. 14. 근로자를 직권면직 대상자로 의결함.
- C대는 2022. 2. 15. 근로자에게 2022. 2. 28. 직권면직 예정임을 통보함.
- Q은 2022. 2. 18. C대에 급여 20% 감축 및 자기계발 계획 이행을 조건으로 소속학과 변경을 요청하였고, C대 소속학과 변경심의위원회는 2022. 2. 21. Q에 대한 점수를 74점으로 산정하여 소속변경 대상자로 심의하였으나, 근로자는 재심의 대상에서 제외됨.
- 회사는 2022. 2. 24. 근로자에게 직권면직을 통지함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
직권면직 처분의 재량권 일탈·남용 여부
- 교원의 신분보장은 헌법, 사립학교법, 교육공무원법 등에서 두텁게 보장하고 있으며, 학급·학과의 폐지에 의한 폐직이나 과원이 된 때를 사립학교 교원의 직권면직 사유로 규정하고 있음.
- 사립학교에서 폐과 등에 의한 폐직, 과원이 발생하여 교원을 직권면직함에 있어서도 교원의 신분보장이라는 관점에서 합리적이고 객관적인 기준과 근거에 따라 면직 여부를 결정함이 필요하며, 이에 따르지 아니한 채 자의적으로 면직처분을 하는 것은 교원 임면에 관한 재량권을 일탈, 남용한 것으로 봄이 상당함.
- 법원은 다음과 같은 사정을 종합하여 회사의 직권면직 처분이 재량권을 일탈·남용하여 무효라고 판단함.
- C대 소속학과 변경심의위원회에서 기준점수 미달로 직권면직 대상자가 된 교원 중 최종 직권면직된 교원은 근로자가 유일함. 다른 교원들은 급여 감축 및 자기계발 계획 이행 제안서를 제출하여 재심사를 거쳐 소속변경 대상자로 변경되었음.
- 근로자가 제안서를 제출하지 않았다는 사정만으로 재심사가 이루어지지 않은 것은 합리적이고 객관적인 기준과 근거에 따른 것이라고 보기 어려움. 급여 감축은 교원의 신분보장 관점에서 합리성이 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 이 법원에서 확장된 원고의 청구를 포함하여 제1심판결의 주문 제2항을 다음과 같이 변경한다. 피고는 원고에게, 가. 187,920,180원 및 별지1 목록 순번 1 내지 25의 '인정금액'란 기재 각 돈에 대한 같은 목록 해당 순번의 '지연손해금 기산일'란 기재 각 해당 일부터 2024. 4. 1.까지는 연 5%, 그다음 날부터 다 갚는 날까지는 연 12%의 각 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하고, 나. 2026. 2. 28.까지의 범위 내에서, 2024. 4. 1.부터 피고가 원고를 복직시킬 때까지 별지2 목록 순번 1 내지 23의 '지급일'란 기재 각 해당 일에 같은 목록 해당순번의 '인정금액'란 기재 각 돈 및 위 각 돈에 대하여 위 각 지급일 다음 날부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 5%의 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 2. 피고의 항소를 기각한다. 3. 소송 총비용은 피고가 부담한다. 4. 제1항은 가집행할 수 있다.
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\ub9c8\ucf00\ud305\uacfc \ubc00\uc811\ud55c \uad00\ub828\uc774 \uc788\ub294 U\uacfc \uad50\uacfc\ubaa9\ub4e4\uc774 \uc7ac\uad50\uc721 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\uccd0 \uac15\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\ud560 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc911\uad6d\uc5b4 \uc218\uc5c5\ub9cc\uc744 \uc804\ub2f4\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc784\uc6a9\ub418\uc5c8\uace0 \uacbd\uc601\ud559 \uad00\ub828 \uc2e4\ubb34\uacbd\ub825\uc774\ub098 \uac15\uc758\uacbd\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \uacbd\uc601\ud559 \uacfc\ubaa9 \ub2f4\ub2f9\uc774 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 C\ub300\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uc601\ud559 \uad00\ub828 \uac15\uc758\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uacbd\uc601\ud559 \uad00\ub828 \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 3. 13. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub2e466071 \ud310\uacb0**\n- **\ud5cc\ubc95 \uc81c31\uc870 \uc81c6\ud56d**: \uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \ubc95\ub960\ub85c \uc815\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\ubc95 \uc81c56\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ubcf8\ubb38**: \uad50\uc6d0\uc740 \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\u00b7\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \ub610\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc774 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ud734\uc9c1\u00b7\uba74\uc9c1 \ub4f1 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50\ubc95 \uc81c56\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ub2e8\uc11c**: \ud559\uae09\u00b7\ud559\uacfc\uc758 \uac1c\ud3d0\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud3d0\uc9c1\uc774\ub098 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub41c \ub54c\n- **\uad50\uc721\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c43\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d**: \uad50\uc6d0\uc740 \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\u00b7\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \ub610\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc774 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ud734\uc9c1\u00b7\uba74\uc9c1 \ub4f1 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uad50\uc721\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c53\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d**: \uac01\uae09 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud559\uad50\u00b7\ud559\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \ud559\ubd80\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud3d0\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub41c \ub54c\n- **\uad50\uc721\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c57\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d**: \uac01\uae09 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud559\uad50\u00b7\ud559\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \ud559\ubd80\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud3d0\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub41c \ub54c\n- **\uad50\uc6d0\uc9c0\uc704\ud5a5\uc0c1\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ubc95 \uc81c6\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d**: \uad50\uc6d0\uc740 \ud615\uc758 \uc120\uace0\u00b7\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \ub610\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\uc774 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \ud734\uc9c1\u00b7\uba74\uc9c1 \ub4f1 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c70\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c3\ud638**: \uac01\uae09 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud559\uad50\u00b7\ud559\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \ud559\ubd80\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud3d0\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub41c \ub54c\n- **\uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c70\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d**: \ud3d0\uc9c1, \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc784\uc6a9\ud615\ud0dc\u00b7\uc5c5\ubb34\uc2e4\uc801\u00b7\uc9c1\ubb34\uc218\ud589\ub2a5\ub825\u00b7\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc0ac\uc2e4 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uba74\uc9c1\uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- **\uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c3\ud638**: \uac01\uae09 \ud559\uad50\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c \ud559\uad50\u00b7\ud559\uacfc \ub610\ub294 \ud559\ubd80\uc758 \ud3d0\uc9c0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ud3d0\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub41c \ub54c\n- **\uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d**: \ud3d0\uc9c1, \uacfc\uc6d0\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc784\uc6a9\ud615\ud0dc\u00b7\uc5c5\ubb34\uc2e4\uc801\u00b7\uc9c1\ubb34\uc218\ud589\ub2a5\ub825\u00b7\uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc0ac\uc2e4 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uba74\uc9c1\uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n### \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\ucc45\uc784\uc758 \ubc1c\uc0dd \ubc0f \ubc94\uc704\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ub2e4\ub978 \ud559\uacfc\uc5d0 \ubc30\uce58\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud560 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc900\uacfc \uadfc\uac70 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc790\uc758\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uad50\uc6d0 \uc784\uba74\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uae09\uc5ec \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uae08 \ubc0f \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 2022. 3. 1.\ubd80\ud130 2024. 3. 31.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uae09\uc5ec \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \ubc0f \uac01 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, 2026. 2. 28.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \ubc94\uc704 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c, 2024. 4. 1.\ubd80\ud130 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ubcf5\uc9c1\uc2dc\ud0ac \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uae09\uc5ec \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \ubc0f \uac01 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc190\ud574\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5 \uc6d0\uce59**\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uace0, \ud3d0\uacfc \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \uc2dc **\ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uae30\uc900\uacfc \uadfc\uac70**\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uba74\uc9c1 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uacb0\uc815\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uad6d\u00b7\uacf5\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uaddc\uc815\ud55c \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \ubc0f \uc9c0\ubc29\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc870\ud56d\uc744 \uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 **\uc720\ucd94 \uc801\uc6a9**\ud558\uc5ec, \uc0ac\ub9bd\ud559\uad50 \uad50\uc6d0 \uc784\uba74\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc0bc\uc740 \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud568.\n- \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub300\ud559\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\uc870\uc815 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c **\uc0ac\ubc95\uc801 \ud1b5\uc81c**\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9d0. \ub300\ud559\uc740 \uad50\uc6d0 \uba74\uc9c1 \uc2dc \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc808\ucc28 \uc900\uc218\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc7ac\ubc30\uce58 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ubaa8\uc0c9, \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ud3c9\uac00 \uae30\uc900 \uc801\uc6a9, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uad50\uc6d0\uc758 \uc18c\uba85 \uae30\ud68c \ubcf4\uc7a5** \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uac01\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ub825\uc744 \uae30\uc6b8\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uad50\uc6d0 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc9c1\uad8c\uba74\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84 \uc2dc **\ud3c9\uac00 \uacfc\uc815\uc758 \ubd88\ud569\ub9ac\uc131, \uc7ac\ubc30\uce58 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad50\uc6d0\uacfc\uc758 \ud615\ud3c9\uc131** \ub4f1\uc744 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uad6c\uc81c\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uadfc\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud568."}
- 근로자는 경영학과 석사, 박사 학위를 취득하였고, U과로의 소속변경을 희망하였는데, U과 졸업생에게 경영 학사 학위가 부여되고, U과 교원 중 경영학 전공자가 상당수 존재하며, 심지어 L과 교원이었다가 U과로 소속변경 후 경영학과 박사를 취득한 사례도 있음.
- 회사는 세부전공 차이를 주장하나, 근로자에게 U과에 필요한 세부전공을 선정하여 연구할 것을 요구하는 등의 절차 없이 직권면직 처분을 하였으므로 위 주장을 받아들이기 어려움.
- 근로자에 대한 평가가 객관적인 기준과 근거 없이 자의적으로 이루어진 것으로 보임. 1차 심의와 2차 심의 사이에 근로자에게 별다른 사정변화가 없음에도 전공 적합성 점수가 상당 부분 변화하였고, 경영학 전공자인 근로자의 전공 적합성이 낮다고 보기 어려움. 자기계발계획서 점수도 변화하였으나, 근로자에게 제안서 요청 외에 보완 등을 요구하지 않았음. 제안서를 제출한 다른 교원들은 점수가 향상되어 소속학과 변경 대상자가 되었음.
- 회사는 근로자가 특정 과목을 담당하기 어렵다고 주장하나, 시간강사가 담당하는 과목을 근로자가 담당할 가능성이 전혀 없다고 할 수 없고, 근로자는 과거 U과 관련 강의를 한 적이 있으며, 근로자의 세부 전공인 마케팅과 밀접한 관련이 있는 U과 교과목들