창원지방법원 | 2017-12-07 | 2017노2586
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
강사 근로자성, 근로조건 서면 교부 및 해고 예고 의무 위반 여부
결과 요약
- 피고인의 항소를 기각하고, 원심의 유죄 판단 및 벌금 50만원 형을 유지함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 학원 운영자이며, F는 피고인에게 고용된 강사임.
- 피고인은 F가 공동사업자이며, 서면 근로계약서 작성을 거부했고, 해고 30일 전 예고했다고 주장하며 원심의 유죄 판단에 대해 항소함.
- F는 피고인으로부터 2016. 7. 20.경 퇴직 이야기를 듣고, 2016. 7. 22.경 방학 전까지만 근무하라는 말을 들어 2016. 7. 26.까지 근무함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자성 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지는 계약의 형식보다 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단함.
- 판단:
- F가 피고인의 지휘·감독을 받으며 특정 시간 근무하고, 보수의 성격이 근로 자체의 대상적 성격을 가지며, 학생 수에 따른 손익 위험을 스스로 안지 않고, 독립적인 사업 영위가 불가능했던 점 등을 종합하여 F는 피고인에게 고용된 근로자로 판단함.
- F가 사업소득세를 납부하고 4대 보험에 가입되지 않았으며 취업규칙 등이 없었던 점은 시간제 근로자에게 일반적으로 나타나는 현상이거나 사용자가 경제적 우월 지위에서 임의로 정한 사정에 불과하여 근로자성 판단에 방해가 되지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2007. 9. 7. 선고 2006도777 판결
근로조건이 명시된 서면을 교부하지 않았는지 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법 제17조 제2항은 근로자의 요구가 없더라도 근로조건이 명시된 서면을 교부하도록 강화된 규정이며, 근로자가 서면 근로계약서 작성을 거부했더라도 사용자의 서면 교부 의무가 면제되지 않음.
- 판단: 피고인이 F에게 임금의 구성항목 등 근로조건이 명시된 서면을 교부하지 않은 사실이 인정됨.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제17조 제1항, 제2항 (2010. 5. 25. 법률 제10319호로 개정된 것)
적법한 해고의 예고 여부
- 법리: 해고 예고는 근로자가 해고 시점을 명확히 알 수 있도록 이루어져야 하며, 상시 4인 이하 사업장이라도 근로기준법 제26조 단서의 예외 사유에 해당하지 않는 한 해고 예고 의무가 면제되지 않음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인의 항소를 기각한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uac15\uc0ac \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131, \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \uc11c\uba74 \uad50\ubd80 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0 \uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\ub2e8 \ubc0f \ubc8c\uae08 50\ub9cc\uc6d0 \ud615\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \ud559\uc6d0 \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\uc774\uba70, F\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uc6a9\ub41c \uac15\uc0ac\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 F\uac00 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790\uc774\uba70, \uc11c\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud588\uace0, \ud574\uace0 30\uc77c \uc804 \uc608\uace0\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud56d\uc18c\ud568.\n- F\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 2016. 7. 20.\uacbd \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ub97c \ub4e3\uace0, 2016. 7. 22.\uacbd \ubc29\ud559 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub9cc \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub77c\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5b4 2016. 7. 26.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- F\uac00 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc2dc\uac04 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uace0, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc801 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uba70, \ud559\uc0dd \uc218\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc190\uc775 \uc704\ud5d8\uc744 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c \uc548\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \ub3c5\ub9bd\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc601\uc704\uac00 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud588\ub358 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec F\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uc6a9\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- F\uac00 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138\ub97c \ub0a9\ubd80\ud558\uace0 4\ub300 \ubcf4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\uba70 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uc810\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub098\ub294 \ud604\uc0c1\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc6b0\uc6d4 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc815\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ubc29\ud574\uac00 \ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2007. 9. 7. \uc120\uace0 2006\ub3c4777 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc774 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c17\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc774 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uac15\ud654\ub41c \uaddc\uc815\uc774\uba70, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc11c\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud588\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \uad50\ubd80 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 F\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc758 \uad6c\uc131\ud56d\ubaa9 \ub4f1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc774 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c17\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\ud56d (2010. 5. 25. \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c10319\ud638\ub85c \uac1c\uc815\ub41c \uac83)\n### \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc608\uace0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870 \ub2e8\uc11c\uc758 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ud55c \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 2016. 7. 22.\uacbd \ube44\ub85c\uc18c F\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub418\uc5b4 \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 2016. 6. 10.\uacbd \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uac15\uc0ac\uac00 \uad6c\ud574\uc9c8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 F\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ubbc0\ub85c \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- F\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ubd88\ub7c9 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870 \ub2e8\uc11c\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0 \uc608\uc678 \uc0ac\uc720\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2010. 4. 15. \uc120\uace0 2009\ub3c413833 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870 \ub2e8\uc11c\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uc758 \ud3c9\uc18c \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\uc704\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc791\ud560 \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc804\uacfc\uac00 \uc804\ud600 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \ubc94\ud589\uc744 \ubd80\uc778\ud558\uba70 \ubc18\uc131\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc2dc\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uc18c\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uace0\ub824\ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74 \uc11c\uba74 \uad50\ubd80 \uc758\ubb34\uc640 \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774\ub098 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uac70\ubd80\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 \uc18c\uaddc\ubaa8 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud788 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\uc5b4, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uacbd\uac01\uc2ec\uc744 \uc77c\uae68\uc6c0."}
- 판단:
- 피고인이 2016. 7. 22.경 비로소 F에게 해고 예고를 한 것으로 판단되어 적법한 해고 예고로 볼 수 없음.
- 피고인이 2016. 6. 10.경 새로운 강사가 구해질 때까지 근무하라고 말했다는 주장은 F가 해고 시점을 알 수 있는 방법으로 예고한 것이 아니므로 적법한 해고 예고로 볼 수 없음.
- F의 근무태도 불량 주장은 근로기준법 제26조 단서의 해고 예고 예외 사유에 해당하지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2010. 4. 15. 선고 2009도13833 판결
- 근로기준법 제26조 단서
참고사실
- 피해자의 평소 근무태도 등 사건 경위에 참작할 사정이 있음.
- 피고인에게 전과가 전혀 없음.
- 피고인이 범행을 부인하며 반성하지 않고 있음.
검토
- 본 판결은 시간제 근로자의 근로자성 판단에 있어 형식적인 요소보다 실질적인 지휘·감독 관계와 보수의 성격을 중요하게 고려함을 재확인함.
- 근로기준법상 근로조건 서면 교부 의무와 해고 예고 의무가 사용자의 일방적인 주장이나 근로자의 거부만으로 면제되지 않음을 명확히 함으로써 근로자 보호를 강화하는 취지를 강조함.
- 특히 소규모 사업장에서도 해고 예고 의무가 엄격히 적용됨을 보여주어, 사용자가 근로기준법상 의무를 소홀히 하지 않도록 경각심을 일깨움.