춘천지방법원 | 2024-08-27 | 2024구합30760
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
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군인의 가혹행위 징계처분 취소 소송: '실수노트' 작성 강요 여부 및 재량권 일탈·남용 판단
결과 요약
- 회사가 근로자에게 한 강등 징계처분을 취소함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2022. 8. 1.부터 2023. 5.경까지 제12보병사단에서 근무하다 전역한 자임.
- 2022. 11. 28. 근로자와 같은 분대 소속이던 일병 E이 자살하는 사고(이하 '해당 사안 사고')가 발생함.
- 회사는 2023. 5. 24. 근로자가 E에게 '실수노트'를 작성하게 하고 검사를 받게 하는 등 의무 없는 일을 강요하여 품위유지의무를 위반하였다는 이유로 군인사법 제56조에 따라 강등 징계처분(이하 '해당 징계처분')을 함.
- 근로자는 해당 사안 행위로 춘천지방검찰청에 고소 또는 고발되었으나, 2024. 2. 15. '증거불충분(혐의없음)' 불기소처분(이하 '해당 사안 불기소처분')을 받음.
- 근로자는 해당 징계처분에 불복하여 항고하였으나, 2024. 2. 23. 기각됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
절차적 하자 주장
- 법리: 국방부 군인·군무원 징계업무처리 훈령 제6조 제1호는 수사결과 '혐의 없음' 또는 '죄가 안됨' 결정 시 내부종결처리하나, 징계사유와 필요성이 인정되면 징계의결 요구를 할 수 있다고 규정함.
- 법원의 판단: 해당 징계처분은 불기소처분 이전에 이루어졌으므로 불기소처분을 고려할 수 없었음. 또한, 불기소처분을 받았더라도 징계권자가 징계사유와 필요성이 인정되면 징계의결 요구를 할 수 있으므로, 징계권자의 판단이 재량권을 현저히 일탈·남용했다고 보기 어려움. 따라서 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
처분사유의 부존재 주장: 근로자에게 지휘·통제 권한이 있었는지 여부
- 법리: 군인의 지위 및 복무에 관한 기본법 제35조 제3항은 병 상호간 직무에 관한 권한이 부여된 경우 외에는 명령, 지시 등을 할 수 없다고 규정하고, 구 부대관리훈령 제17조는 지휘자(병 분대장, 조장 등) 이외의 병 상호간에는 명령, 지시를 할 수 없다고 규정함. 다만, 구 부대관리훈령 제9조에 따라 분대장은 직무에 관한 권한 범위 내에서 소속 분대원에 대해 예외적으로 지휘·감독 권한을 가짐.
- 법원의 판단: 해당 사안 사고 당시 E이 속한 B분대의 분대장은 상병 H이었음. 따라서 E에 대한 직무상 지휘·감독 권한은 상병 H에게 있었고, B분대장이 아닌 근로자에게 E으로 하여금 '실수노트'를 작성하도록 지휘할 직무상 권한이 있었다고 볼 수 없음. 따라서 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 군인의 지위 및 복무에 관한 기본법 제35조 제3항
- 구 부대관리훈령(2023. 1. 27. 국방부훈령 제2766호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제9조, 제17조
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 피고가 2023. 5. 24. 원고에 대하여 한 강등의 징계처분을 취소한다. 2. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uad70\uc778\uc758 \uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84 \ucde8\uc18c \uc18c\uc1a1: '\uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8' \uc791\uc131 \uac15\uc694 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud55c \uac15\ub4f1 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2022. 8. 1.\ubd80\ud130 2023. 5.\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc81c12\ubcf4\ubcd1\uc0ac\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub2e4 \uc804\uc5ed\ud55c \uc790\uc784.\n- 2022. 11. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubd84\ub300 \uc18c\uc18d\uc774\ub358 \uc77c\ubcd1 E\uc774 \uc790\uc0b4\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uace0(\uc774\ud558 '\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uace0')\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2023. 5. 24. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 E\uc5d0\uac8c '\uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8'\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc758\ubb34 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc77c\uc744 \uac15\uc694\ud558\uc5ec \ud488\uc704\uc720\uc9c0\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uad70\uc778\uc0ac\ubc95 \uc81c56\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac15\ub4f1 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84(\uc774\ud558 '\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84')\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud589\uc704\ub85c \ucd98\ucc9c\uc9c0\ubc29\uac80\ucc30\uccad\uc5d0 \uace0\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \uace0\ubc1c\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, 2024. 2. 15. 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\uc815\uc2e0\uc801\u00b7\uc721\uccb4\uc801 \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \uac00\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704\ub294 \uad70\ud615\ubc95\uc0c1 \uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub113\uc740 \ubc94\uc704\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub300\uc0c1\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 'E\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8\ub97c \uc801\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uac80\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uac8c \ud55c \uac83'\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \ud3ed\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220 \ubc0f \ub3d9\ub8cc \ubcd1\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, E\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 '\uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8' \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uac15\uc694\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 E\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \uadfc\ubb34\ub098 \uc5bc\ucc28\ub824\ub97c \uac70\uc808\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud568.\n- \uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8 \uac80\uc0ac \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud3ed\uc5b8, \uc695\uc124, \uc5b8\uc131 \ub192\uc784 \ub4f1 \ubaa8\uba78\uac10\uc744 \uc904 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ubaa9\uaca9\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc794\uc18c\ub9ac \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub9d0\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc791\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ub530\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 \ubcc4\ub9d0 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc9c4\uc220\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uac00 '\ube44\uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ud0c0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc2e0\uc801 \uace0\ud1b5\uacfc \uc778\uaca9\uc801 \ubaa8\uba78\uac10\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \ud589\uc704'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uc721\uad70\uaddc\uc815 180 \uc9d5\uacc4\uaddc\uc815 [\ubcc4\ud45c 2]\n- \uad70\ud615\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 5. 29. \uc120\uace0 2008\ub3c42222 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \uc8fc\uc7a5\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:** \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc5d0 \ub9e1\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc704\ubc95\ud568. \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uacf5\uc775\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ube44\ub840\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uac70\ub098, \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc758 \ud55c\uacc4\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \ucc98\ubd84\uc784.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud3ed\ud589\u00b7\uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704\ub85c\uc11c \ud488\uc704\uc720\uc9c0\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ud589\uc704\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uac00\ud639\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\ub840\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 E\uc774 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \ucd94\uac00 \uadfc\ubb34\ub098 \uc5bc\ucc28\ub824\ub97c \uac70\uc808\ud558\uc600\uace0, E\uc774 \uba3c\uc800 '\uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8' \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 4\ud68c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8\ub97c \uac80\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ubfd0, \uc778\uaca9\uc801 \ubaa8\uba78\uac10\uc744 \uc904 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc5b8\ud589\uc774\ub098 \ud574\uc545\uc744 \uace0\uc9c0\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud589\uc704\uac00 '\ube44\ud589\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4\uac00 \uc911\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 '\uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ubc18\ubcf5\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc810', '\uc5b8\ub860\ubcf4\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ubb3c\uc758\ub97c \uc57c\uae30\ud55c \uc810', '\uacbd\uacc4\uadfc\ubb34 \ub4f1 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc218\ud589 \uc911\uc5d0 \ubc8c\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc810'\uc744 \uac00\uc911\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ud589\uc815\uccad \ub0b4\ubd80\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb34\ucc98\ub9ac\uc900\uce59\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc2e4\uc218\ub178\ud2b8 \uac80\uc0ac\ub294 1\uc8fc\uc77c \ubbf8\ub9cc \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ucd1d 4\ud68c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c '\uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\uac04'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uace0\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \uc628\uc804\ud788 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3cc\ub9ac\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ucd98\ucc9c\uc9c0\ubc29\uac80\ucc30\uccad\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud55c \ubc18\uba74, \ub2e4\ub978 \uac04\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc6a9\uc0ac 2\uba85\uc740 E\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc695\uc8c4 \ub610\ub294 \ucd08\ubcd1\ud611\ubc15\uc8c4\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ub428. \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uae30\uc18c\ub41c \uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\ub960\uc801\uc73c\ub85c '\uac15\ub4f1' \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc815\ub3c4\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb38\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uad70\uc778\uc0ac\ubc95 \uc81c57\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uad6c \uad70\uc778 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub839 \uc2dc\ud589\uaddc\uce59(2023. 6. 16. \uad6d\ubc29\ubd80\ub839 \uc81c1119\ud638\ub85c \uac1c\uc815\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc758 \uac83) \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638 \ub098\ubaa9 [\ubcc4\ud45c 2]\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud6c8\ub839 [\ubcc4\ud45c 4]\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1999. 11. 26. \uc120\uace0 98\ub4506951 \ud310\uacb0\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ucd98\ucc9c\uc9c0\ubc29\uac80\ucc30\uccad \uac80\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uac04\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc804\uc5ed\ud55c \uc6a9\uc0ac 2\uba85\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 E\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubaa8\uc695\uc8c4 \ub610\ub294 \ucd08\ubcd1\ud611\ubc15\uc8c4\uc758 \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uad70\ub300 \ub0b4 \uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704 \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, **\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc704\uc640 \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud568**\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \ud53c\ud574\uc790\uac00 \uba3c\uc800 \uc81c\uc548\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\ud574\uc790\uac00 \ub3d9\uc758\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774\ub97c \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uac15\uc694\ub098 \uac00\ud639\ud589\uc704\ub85c \ub2e8\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, **\uc9d5\uacc4 \uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc, \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc815\ub3c4, \uac00\uc911\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \ud569\ub9ac\uc131, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\ub840\uc640\uc758 \ud615\ud3c9\uc131\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568**\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568. \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc790\uc640 \uae30\uc18c\ub41c \uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc911\uc9d5\uacc4\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9b0 \uac83\uc740 \ube44\ub840\uc758 \uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uad70\ub300 \ub0b4 \uc778\uad8c \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uacf5\uc815\uc131 \ud655\ubcf4\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
처분사유의 부존재 주장: 해당 처분사유가 폭행·가혹행위에 해당하는지 여부
- 법리: 육군규정 180 징계규정 [별표 2]는 가혹행위를 '폭행이나 협박 외의 비정상적 방법(법규 또는 사회상규 위반)으로 타인에게 육체적·정신적 고통과 인격적 모멸감을 주는 일체의 행위'로 규정함. 군형법 제62조의 가혹행위는 직권 남용 또는 위력 행사로 사람으로서 견디기 어려운 정신적·육체적 고통을 가하는 경우를 말하며, 징계사유로서의 가혹행위는 군형법상 가혹행위보다 넓은 범위의 행위를 포함함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 징계대상사실은 'E에게 실수노트를 적게 하고 근로자에게 검사를 받게 한 것'으로, 이를 폭행으로 평가할 수 없음.
- 근로자의 진술 및 동료 병사들의 진술에 따르면, E이 먼저 '실수노트' 작성을 제안한 것으로 보이며, 근로자가 강요했다고 인정하기 어려움. 근로자는 E이 제안한 추가 근무나 얼차려를 거절하기도 함.
- 실수노트 검사 과정에서 근로자가 폭언, 욕설, 언성 높임 등 모멸감을 줄 만한 행위를 했다고 인정할 증거가 없음. 목격자들은 근로자가 잔소리 정도로 말하거나, 작성 여부를 따지지 않고 내용을 보고 별말 하지 않았다고 진술함.
- 따라서 근로자의 행위가 '비정상적인 방법으로서