서울고등법원 | 2020-05-21 | 2020누31929
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로계약 변경 거부에 따른 해고의 부당성 판단
결과 요약
- 원고(사용자)의 청구를 기각하고, 제1심판결을 취소하며, 소송총비용은 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 경영상 어려움으로 참가인(근로자)에게 급여 하향을 포함한 근로계약 변경을 요구함.
- 참가인은 변경된 근로계약을 수용할 수 없다고 주장하였고, 근로자는 참가인이 무단으로 출근하지 않아 근로관계가 종료되었다고 주장함.
- 피고(노동위원회)와 참가인은 근로자가 참가인에게 급여 하향을 강요하며 해고 의사를 밝혔고, 이는 부당해고라고 주장함.
- 근로자는 2018. 9. 1. 편집국장 K을, 2018. 10. 1. 인턴기자 L을 신규 채용하였는데, K이 수행할 업무는 기존에 참가인이 수행하던 업무와 동일하였음.
- 근로자는 2018. 10. 8. 참가인에게 변경된 근로계약서에 서명하지 않으면 계속 근무할 수 없다고 여러 차례 말하였고, 협의 의사가 없음을 분명히 함.
- 변경된 근로계약은 월 급여 50만원 감소, 활동비 30만원 미지급, 매월 500만원 이상 영업매출 의무 등 참가인에게 불리한 내용이었음.
- 근로자는 2018. 10. 10. 참가인에게 사직서 작성을 종용하였고, 참가인의 퇴사 관련 메시지에 답변하거나 출근을 독촉하지 않음.
- 근로자는 2018. 10. 10. 참가인에게 "기존의 근로계약에 따라 계속 근무하라"고 말했으나, 이는 분쟁 대비용 발언으로 판단됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로관계 종료의 성격 (해고 vs. 자발적 퇴사)
- 사용자가 근로자로부터 사직서를 제출받고 이를 수리하는 의원면직의 형식을 취하였더라도, 사직의 의사가 없는 근로자로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 작성·제출하게 한 경우에는 실질적으로 사용자의 일방적 의사에 의하여 근로계약관계를 종료시키는 것이어서 해고에 해당함.
- 근로자는 2018. 10. 8. 참가인에게 근로계약 변경에 동의하지 않으면 해고할 것이라는 확정적인 의사를 표시하였음.
- 근로자가 제시한 변경된 근로계약은 참가인에게 매우 불리하였고, 참가인이 이를 수용할 정황이 없었음.
- 근로자는 참가인과 동일한 업무를 수행할 신규 직원을 채용한 후 변경된 근로계약을 요구하였는바, 참가인이 동의하지 않을 경우 근로계약을 종료할 의사가 있었다고 판단됨.
- 근로자는 2018. 10. 10. 참가인에게 사직서 작성을 종용하고, 참가인의 퇴사 관련 메시지에 출근 독촉 등 반박을 하지 않았으므로, 참가인은 근로자의 일방적인 의사에 따라 퇴사하게 된 것으로 봄이 타당함.
- 근로자가 "기존의 근로계약에 따라 계속 근무하라"고 말한 것은 향후 분쟁에 대비하기 위한 것으로 보이며, 기존 해고 의사표시를 철회한 것으로 볼 수 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심판결을 취소한다. 2. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송총비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubcc0\uacbd \uac70\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0(\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790)\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uba70, \uc18c\uc1a1\ucd1d\ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0\uc73c\ub85c \ucc38\uac00\uc778(\uadfc\ub85c\uc790)\uc5d0\uac8c \uae09\uc5ec \ud558\ud5a5\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ubb34\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0(\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c)\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uae09\uc5ec \ud558\ud5a5\uc744 \uac15\uc694\ud558\uba70 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1d\ud614\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 9. 1. \ud3b8\uc9d1\uad6d\uc7a5 K\uc744, 2018. 10. 1. \uc778\ud134\uae30\uc790 L\uc744 \uc2e0\uaddc \ucc44\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub294\ub370, K\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub294 \uae30\uc874\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc218\ud589\ud558\ub358 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 8. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \ucc28\ub840 \ub9d0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud611\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \ubd84\uba85\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uc6d4 \uae09\uc5ec 50\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uac10\uc18c, \ud65c\ub3d9\ube44 30\ub9cc\uc6d0 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09, \ub9e4\uc6d4 500\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc601\uc5c5\ub9e4\ucd9c \uc758\ubb34 \ub4f1 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 10. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc885\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud1f4\uc0ac \uad00\ub828 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub2f5\ubcc0\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc744 \ub3c5\ucd09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 10. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \"\uae30\uc874\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub77c\"\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ubd84\uc7c1 \ub300\ube44\uc6a9 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc758 \uc131\uaca9 (\ud574\uace0 vs. \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \ud1f4\uc0ac)\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ubc1b\uace0 \uc774\ub97c \uc218\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc758\uc6d0\uba74\uc9c1\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \ucde8\ud558\uc600\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec\uae08 \uc5b4\uca54 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\u00b7\uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uac8c \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5b4\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 8. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubcc0\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba74 \ud574\uace0\ud560 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud655\uc815\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud55c \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ub97c \uc218\uc6a9\ud560 \uc815\ud669\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud560 \uc2e0\uaddc \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc744 \ucc44\uc6a9\ud55c \ud6c4 \ubcc0\uacbd\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\ub294\ubc14, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc885\ub8cc\ud560 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 10. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc885\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud1f4\uc0ac \uad00\ub828 \uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uadfc \ub3c5\ucd09 \ub4f1 \ubc18\ubc15\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubd04\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \"\uae30\uc874\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub77c\"\uace0 \ub9d0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0 \ub300\ube44\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uba70, \uae30\uc874 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2018. 10. 10. \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1992. 7. 10. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e43809 \ud310\uacb0\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 (\uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18 \uc5ec\ubd80)\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2018. 10. 10. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc704 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0\uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ucc28\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uac15\uc694\ud558\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c, \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \ud1f4\uc0ac\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc77c\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \ud574\uace0\uc784\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \"\uae30\uc874 \uacc4\uc57d\ub300\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\ub77c\"\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc744 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadf8 \uc9c4\uc815\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \ud30c\uc545\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \uc720\ubb34\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uc55e\uc11c, \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc808\ucc28\uc801 \uc801\ubc95\uc131\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
- 따라서 해당 근로계약은 참가인의 자발적인 의사에 의하여 종료되었다고 보기 어렵고, 근로자가 2018. 10. 10. 자신의 일방적인 의사에 따라 참가인을 해고하였다고 봄이 타당함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1992. 7. 10. 선고 92다3809 판결
해고의 절차적 적법성 (서면 통지 의무 위반 여부)
- 근로자가 2018. 10. 10. 참가인을 해고하는 과정에서 해고사유와 시기를 서면으로 통지하지 않은 점에 관하여 당사자들 사이에 다툼이 없음.
- 따라서 위 해고는 근로기준법 제27조에 따른 서면통지의무를 위반하여 절차적으로 위법하므로 부당해고에 해당함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제27조
검토
- 본 판결은 사용자가 근로계약 변경을 강요하고, 이를 거부할 경우 사실상 해고에 이르는 상황에서, 형식적으로는 근로자의 자발적 퇴사처럼 보일지라도 실질적으로는 사용자의 일방적 해고임을 명확히 함.
- 특히, 사용자가 해고 책임을 회피하기 위해 "기존 계약대로 근무하라"는 등의 발언을 하더라도, 그 진정성 여부를 판단하여 해고의 실질을 파악하는 법원의 태도를 보여줌.
- 해고의 정당한 사유 유무를 판단하기에 앞서, 근로기준법 제27조에 따른 서면 통지 의무 위반만으로도 부당해고임을 인정하여 절차적 적법성의 중요성을 강조함.