수원지방법원 안산지원 | 2014-11-19 | 2013고정1811
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로기준법상 '근로자' 판단 기준 및 임금, 퇴직금 미지급, 해고예고 위반 사건
결과 요약
- 피고인이 근로자 E에게 임금, 퇴직금을 미지급하고 해고예고 없이 해고한 근로기준법 및 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 위반 혐의에 대해 벌금 3,000,000원을 선고함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 주식회사 D의 대표이사로서 상시근로자 4명을 고용하여 정보통신설비 제조업 등을 경영하는 사용자임.
- 피고인은 2011. 3. 7.부터 2013. 3. 4.까지 근로자 E에게 임금 24,735,458원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니함.
- 피고인은 2013. 3. 초 E을 2013. 2. 28.자로 해고하면서 30일 전 해고예고를 하지 않고, 30일분 이상의 통상임금 4,000,000원을 지급하지 아니함.
- 피고인은 2011. 3. 7.부터 2013. 3. 4.까지 근로자 E의 퇴직금 4,295,889원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 '근로자' 해당 여부
- 쟁점: 피고인과 변호인은 E이 피고인과 동업관계에 있었으므로 근로기준법상 근로자가 아니라고 주장함.
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식에 관계없이 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단함.
- 판단 기준: 종속성 판단 시 업무 내용의 사용자 지정 여부, 취업규칙·복무규정 적용 여부, 구체적 지휘·감독 여부, 근무 시간·장소 지정 여부, 업무 대체성 유무, 비품·작업도구 소유 관계, 보수의 대상적 성격 및 고정급 유무, 근로소득세 원천징수 여부, 근로제공관계의 계속성 및 전속성, 사회보장제도 인정 여부, 양 당사자의 경제·사회적 조건 등을 종합적으로 고려함. 회사의 임원이라도 형식만을 따지지 않고 위 기준을 종합적으로 고려함.
- 법원의 판단:
- E은 D의 부사장 직책에 있었으나 등기이사는 아니었음.
- 피고인은 E에게 매월 고정 급여를 지급하고, 해당 사안 사업 관련 비용을 실비 변상함.
- 피고인은 국민건강보험료를 원천징수하고 E을 고용보험에 가입시킴.
- 피고인은 E으로부터 사업 진행 상황을 보고받고 구체적인 지시를 내리거나 영업활동에 동행하기도 함.
- 피고인의 진술에 의하더라도 피고인과 E은 규범적으로 지시복종관계에 있었고, E 근무의 사무실 및 비품 등에 대한 권리가 실질적으로 피고인에게 있었음.
- 위 사정들에 비추어 볼 때, E이 다소 독자적으로 사업을 진행했더라도 실질적으로 임원과 동등한 지위와 권한을 부여받은 것이 아니며, 대표이사인 피고인의 지휘·감독을 받았으므로 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당한다고 판단함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인을 벌금 3,000,000원에 처한다. 피고인이 위 벌금을 납입하지 아니하는 경우 50,000원을 1일로 환산한 기간 피고인을 노역장에 유치한다. 위 벌금에 상당한 금액의 가납을 명한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790' \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0 \uc704\ubc18 \uc0ac\uac74\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 E\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uace0 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18 \ud610\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubc8c\uae08 3,000,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac D\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c1\uc2dc\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 4\uba85\uc744 \uace0\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ubcf4\ud1b5\uc2e0\uc124\ube44 \uc81c\uc870\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc744 \uacbd\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2011. 3. 7.\ubd80\ud130 2013. 3. 4.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 E\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08 24,735,458\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc77c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2013. 3. \ucd08 E\uc744 2013. 2. 28.\uc790\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uba74\uc11c 30\uc77c \uc804 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08 4,000,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2011. 3. 7.\ubd80\ud130 2013. 3. 4.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 E\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 4,295,889\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc77c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790' 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\ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 E\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e4\uc6d4 \uace0\uc815 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uace0, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uad00\ub828 \ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc2e4\ube44 \ubcc0\uc0c1\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uad6d\ubbfc\uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8\ub8cc\ub97c \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218\ud558\uace0 E\uc744 \uace0\uc6a9\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\uc2dc\ud0b4.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 E\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc0ac\uc5c5 \uc9c4\ud589 \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0\ubc1b\uace0 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub97c \ub0b4\ub9ac\uac70\ub098 \uc601\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub3d9\ud589\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uacfc E\uc740 \uaddc\ubc94\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc9c0\uc2dc\ubcf5\uc885\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, E \uadfc\ubb34\uc758 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc2e4 \ubc0f \ube44\ud488 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c 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\uc81c109\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c36\uc870 (\uae08\ud488\ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c110\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638, \uc81c26\uc870 (\ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0 \uc704\ubc18)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c44\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638, \uc81c9\uc870 (\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09)\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc544\uc9c1 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \uc815\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc8c\uae08\ud615\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\ub294 \ucc98\ubc8c \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uc815\uc0c1\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ub428.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790' \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uc18d\uc131**\uc744 \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud655\ub9bd\ub41c \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc784\uc6d0 \uc9c1\ucc45\uc744 \ubd80\uc5ec\ubc1b\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uc5ec\ubd80, \uace0\uc815\uae09 \uc9c0\uae09, 4\ub300 \ubcf4\ud5d8 \uac00\uc785, \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uadfc\ubb34 \uc7a5\uc18c \ubc0f \ube44\ud488\uc758 \uc18c\uc720 \uad00\uacc4 \ub4f1 **\ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8**\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc744 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubc29\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac\ub97c \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub428.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \ub54c \uc9c1\ucc45\uba85\uc774\ub098 \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc0c1\uc758 \ubb38\uad6c\uc5d0\ub9cc \uc758\uc874\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, **\uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uc5ec\ubd80, \ubcf4\uc218 \uccb4\uacc4 \ub4f1\uc744 \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0**\ud558\uc5ec \ubc95\uc801 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc744 \uc608\ubc29\ud574\uc57c \ud568."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2001. 8. 21. 선고 2001도2778 판결
- 대법원 1992. 5. 12. 선고 91누11490 판결
- 대법원 2003. 9. 26. 선고 2002다64681 판결
- 근로기준법 제109조 제1항, 제36조 (금품미지급)
- 근로기준법 제110조 제1호, 제26조 (해고예고 위반)
- 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제44조 제1호, 제9조 (퇴직금 미지급)
참고사실
- 피고인이 근로자에게 임금 등을 아직 지급하지 아니하고 있는 점이 불리한 정상으로 고려됨.
- 피고인에게 벌금형을 초과하는 처벌 전력이 없는 점이 유리한 정상으로 고려됨.
검토
- 본 판결은 근로기준법상 '근로자' 판단에 있어 계약의 형식보다는 실질적인 종속성을 중시하는 대법원의 확립된 법리를 재확인함.
- 특히, 임원 직책을 부여받았더라도 등기이사 여부, 고정급 지급, 4대 보험 가입, 구체적인 지휘·감독 여부, 근무 장소 및 비품의 소유 관계 등 다양한 요소를 종합적으로 고려하여 근로자성을 판단하였음.
- 이는 사용자가 근로계약의 형식을 변경하여 근로기준법 적용을 회피하려는 시도를 방지하고, 실질적인 근로자의 권리를 보호하려는 취지로 해석됨.
- 사용자는 근로자의 지위를 판단할 때