대전지방법원 | 2014-09-18 | 2014구합101131
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제 재심판정 취소 소송에서 근로자성, 해고의 존부 및 부당성, 근로계약 기간 만료 여부 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 청구를 기각하고, 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 비용을 포함하여 모두 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2012. 6. 25. 설립되어 레스토랑과 평생 교육원을 운영하는 회사이며, 참가인은 2012. 7.경 근로자에 입사하여 쉐프팀에서 조리업무를 담당하다가 2013. 7. 13.부터 출근하지 않음.
- 참가인은 2013. 7. 12. 근로자로부터 부당해고를 당했다고 주장하며 서울지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였고, 서울지방노동위원회는 2013. 11. 14. 근로자가 서면통지 없이 참가인을 해고하였으므로 부당해고라고 판단하여 참가인의 구제신청을 인용함.
- 근로자는 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2014. 2. 7. 지방노동위원회 결정과 동일한 이유로 근로자의 재심신청을 기각함.
- 근로자의 대표이사 C는 2013. 7. 12. 참가인의 근무태도를 지적하며 사직을 권고하였고, 참가인은 이를 거부하고 퇴근함.
- 같은 날 근로자의 직원이 카카오톡 단체 채팅방에 참가인이 퇴사했음을 공지하였고, 대표이사 C는 새로운 쉐프 채용을 지시함.
- 참가인을 포함한 쉐프팀 직원 5명이 2013. 7. 13.부터 출근하지 않아 근로자는 레스토랑 영업을 하지 못했고, 2013. 9. 24. 폐업 신고함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
참가인이 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법의 적용을 받는 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식에 관계없이 그 실질에 있어서 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단해야 함. 회사의 이사라 하더라도 회사로부터 위임받은 사무를 처리하는 외에 사장 등의 지휘·감독하에 일정한 노무를 담당하고 그 대가로 일정한 보수를 지급받는 관계에 있었다면 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당함.
- 법원의 판단: 참가인은 근로자의 이사나 감사 등 임원으로 등재된 바 없고 쉐프팀 직원 중 1명으로 입사하여 근무하였음. 쉐프팀 내에서도 월급이 많은 축에 속하지 않았고, 주로 식자재 조달 업무를 수행하였을 뿐 쉐프팀의 업무를 지휘하는 위치에 있지 않았음. 원고 직원들의 카카오톡 단체 채팅방에서도 참가인이 직원이라고 호칭되었으며, 참가인이 독자적 권한을 가지고 근로자의 직원들을 관리·감독하였다고 볼 자료도 없음. 이러한 사정들을 종합할 때, 참가인은 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 근로자에게 근로를 제공하는 근로기준법상 근로자의 지위에 있었다고 봄이 상당함. 따라서 근로자의 이 부분 주장은 받아들일 수 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2000. 9. 8. 선고 2000다22591
해고 사실의 존부 및 부당성 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법 제27조에 따라 사용자는 근로자를 해고하려면 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하여야 함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 비용을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \ucde8\uc18c \uc18c\uc1a1\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131, \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc5ec\ubd80 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uc18c\uc1a1\ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \ubcf4\uc870\ucc38\uac00\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ube44\uc6a9\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ubaa8\ub450 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2012. 6. 25. \uc124\ub9bd\ub418\uc5b4 \ub808\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub791\uacfc \ud3c9\uc0dd \uad50\uc721\uc6d0\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc774\uba70, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2012. 7.\uacbd \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc250\ud504\ud300\uc5d0\uc11c \uc870\ub9ac\uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub2f4\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uac00 2013. 7. 13.\ubd80\ud130 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2013. 7. 12. \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub97c \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc11c\uc6b8\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2013. 11. 14. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2014. 2. 7. \uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uacb0\uc815\uacfc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac C\ub294 2013. 7. 12. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uba70 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc744 \uad8c\uace0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ud1f4\uadfc\ud568.\n- \uac19\uc740 \ub0a0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uce74\uce74\uc624\ud1a1 \ub2e8\uccb4 \ucc44\ud305\ubc29\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud588\uc74c\uc744 \uacf5\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac C\ub294 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc250\ud504 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc744 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uc250\ud504\ud300 \uc9c1\uc6d0 5\uba85\uc774 2013. 7. 13.\ubd80\ud130 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub808\uc2a4\ud1a0\ub791 \uc601\uc5c5\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\uace0, 2013. 9. 24. \ud3d0\uc5c5 \uc2e0\uace0\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, 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\ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc758 \uc874\ubd80 \ubc0f \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac C\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 2013. 7. 12. \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc5b8\uc7c1\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 C\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud55c \uc810, \uadf8 \uc9c1\ud6c4 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774 \uc804\uccb4 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ud1f4\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uacf5\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\uace0, C\ub3c4 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \ucc44\uc6a9\uc744 \uacf5\uace0\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ud55c \uc810 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \ubcfc \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2013. 7. 12. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud55c \ubc14\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc544\ubb34\ub7f0 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc704 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc808\ucc28\uc0c1 \ud558\uc790\uac00 \uc911\ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5 \ub610\ud55c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uc885\ub8cc\uc77c\uc744 2013. 7. 14.\ub85c \ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\ud5d8\uac00\uc785\uc790\uc790\uaca9\ucde8\ub4dd \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uacfc \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \uc791\uc131 \uc704\ud0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uacf5\uc778\ub178\ubb34\uc0ac\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ub3d9\uc0dd\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc \uc6d0\uace0\uc640\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc774 2013. 7. 14.\uae4c\uc9c0\ub77c\uace0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\uba54\uc77c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b8 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc740 \uc778\uc815\ub428. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc704 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba85\u00b7\ub0a0\uc778\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810, \uacf5\uc778\ub178\ubb34\uc0ac\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc2e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ub2e8\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810, \ub9cc\uc57d \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc774 2013. 7. 14.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc774\ud2c0 \uc804 \ucc98\ud615\uc778 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc9c0\uc801\ud558\uba70 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc791\uc131\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uacbd\ud5d8\uce59\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \uc810, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uad8c\uc720\ub85c \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc600\uace0 \uc785\uc0ac \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ub3d9\uc0dd \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub358 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc744 2013. 7. 14.\ub85c \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900, \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc640 \uc99d\uac70\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uac00\uc871 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc774\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\uace0, \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc784. \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc11c\uba74 \ud569\uc758\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac\uc640 \uacbd\ud5d8\uce59\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ud669 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud558\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\uc775\uc744 \ubcf4\ud638\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uacbd\ud5a5\uc744 \ub098\ud0c0\ub0c4."}
- 법원의 판단: 근로자의 대표이사 C와 참가인 사이에 2013. 7. 12. 근무태도와 관련하여 언쟁이 있었고 C가 참가인에게 사직서 작성을 요구하였으나 참가인이 이를 거부한 점, 그 직후 근로자의 직원이 전체 직원들에게 참가인이 퇴사하였다고 공지하였고, C도 새로운 직원의 채용을 공고하라고 지시한 점 등에 비추어 볼 때, 근로자가 2013. 7. 12. 참가인을 해고하였다고 봄이 상당함. 근로자가 근로기준법 제27조에서 정한 바에 따라 참가인에게 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하였다고 인정할 아무런 자료가 없으므로, 근로자의 참가인에 대한 위 해고는 절차상 하자가 중대하여 무효임. 따라서 근로자의 이 부분 주장 또한 받아들일 수 없음.
근로계약 기간 만료 여부
- 법원의 판단: 근로자가 참가인과의 근로계약 종료일을 2013. 7. 14.로 하여 보험가입자자격취득 신고를 제출한 사실과 근로자로부터 근로계약서 작성 위탁을 받은 공인노무사가 참가인의 동생에게 참가인과 근로자와의 근로계약기간이 2013. 7. 14.까지라고 기재된 근로계약서를 작성하여 이