대구고등법원 | 2017-04-20 | 2016나1190
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
직장폐쇄의 정당성 판단 및 위법한 직장폐쇄 기간 임금 지급 의무
결과 요약
- 회사의 직장폐쇄는 개시 시점에는 정당하나, 특정 시점 이후에는 공격적 직장폐쇄로 변질되어 위법하므로, 해당 기간 동안의 원고들에게 임금을 지급할 의무가 있음을 인정함.
사실관계
- 회사는 자동차 부품 제조 회사로, 경비업무 외주화를 단행함.
- J 지회는 이에 반발하여 쟁의행위 찬반투표 및 조정전치 절차를 준수하지 않은 채 연장근로 및 야간근로 거부, 태업 등 쟁의행위를 함.
- 회사는 쟁의행위 중단 및 노사협의를 요청하였으나, J 지회는 경비업무 외주화 철회를 주장하며 쟁의행위를 계속함.
- J 지회 조합원들은 설 연휴 기간 중 생산설비 전원 공급선 절단 등 생산 업무를 방해함.
- 회사는 2010. 2. 16. 06:30부터 J 지회 조합원의 출입을 전면 금지하는 부분적인 직장폐쇄(해당 사안 직장폐쇄)를 단행함.
- J 지회는 2010. 2. 22.부터 업무 복귀 의사를 수차례 표시하고 회사의 요구사항을 수용하겠다는 의사를 밝힘.
- 회사는 2010. 4. 16. 노무법인 0과 컨설팅 계약을 체결하고, J 지회 조직력 약화를 위한 자문을 받음.
- 회사는 2010. 5. 25. 해당 사안 직장폐쇄를 철회함.
- 원고 A, B은 쟁의행위 관련 업무방해 등으로 구속되었으나, 노조 전임자로서 단체협약에 따라 임금 지급 의무가 유지됨.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
직장폐쇄의 정당성 판단
- 법리: 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제46조에 따른 사용자의 직장폐쇄는 근로자의 쟁의행위에 대한 방어수단으로서 상당성이 있어야 정당한 쟁의행위로 인정됨. 방어적 목적을 벗어나 노동조합의 조직력을 약화시키기 위한 선제적, 공격적 직장폐쇄는 정당성이 인정될 수 없음. 직장폐쇄의 개시가 정당하더라도, 근로자가 쟁의행위를 중단하고 진정으로 업무에 복귀할 의사를 표시하였음에도 직장폐쇄를 계속 유지하는 경우, 그 이후의 직장폐쇄는 정당성을 상실함. 업무 복귀 의사는 사용자가 경영의 예측 가능성과 안정을 이룰 수 있는 정도로 집단적·객관적으로 표시되어야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 직장폐쇄 개시의 적법성: J 지회가 적법한 절차 없이 쟁의행위를 시작하고, 회사의 납품 업무를 방해하며, 생산설비를 훼손하는 등 위법한 쟁의행위를 하였으므로, 회사의 해당 사안 직장폐쇄 개시는 J 지회의 쟁의행위에 대항하기 위한 상당한 방어수단으로서 정당성이 인정됨.
- 직장폐쇄 유지의 적법성:
- J 지회는 직장폐쇄 개시 이후 수차례에 걸쳐 명시적·묵시적으로 쟁의행위를 중단하고 업무에 복귀할 의사를 표시하였고, 회사의 요구사항을 수용하겠다고 약속하며 직장폐쇄 철회 및 대화를 요청함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심 판결 중 아래에서 지급을 명하는 금액에 해당하는 원고들 패소 부분을 취소한다. 피고는 원고 A에게 5,845,360원, 원고 B에게 6,119,240원, 원고 C에게 6,161,170원, 원고 D에게 6,205,100원, 원고 E에게 6,787,440원, 원고 F에게 5,376,180원, 원고 G에게 6,191,400원 및 위 각 돈에 대하여 2010. 10. 22.부터 2017. 4. 20.까지는 연 6%, 그 다음 날부터 다 갚는 날까지는 연 20%의 각 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 2. 원고들의 나머지 항소를 모두 기각한다. 3. 소송총비용 중 60%는 원고들이, 나머지는 피고가 각 부담한다. 4. 제1항 중 금전지급 부분은 가집행할 수 있다.
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\uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \ucc2c\ubc18\ud22c\ud45c \ubc0f \uc870\uc815\uc804\uce58 \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc900\uc218\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ucc44 \uc5f0\uc7a5\uadfc\ub85c \ubc0f \uc57c\uac04\uadfc\ub85c \uac70\ubd80, \ud0dc\uc5c5 \ub4f1 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \uc911\ub2e8 \ubc0f \ub178\uc0ac\ud611\uc758\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, J \uc9c0\ud68c\ub294 \uacbd\ube44\uc5c5\ubb34 \uc678\uc8fc\ud654 \ucca0\ud68c\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud568.\n- J \uc9c0\ud68c \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \uc124 \uc5f0\ud734 \uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc124\ube44 \uc804\uc6d0 \uacf5\uae09\uc120 \uc808\ub2e8 \ub4f1 \uc0dd\uc0b0 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ubc29\ud574\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2010. 2. 16. 06:30\ubd80\ud130 J \uc9c0\ud68c \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc758 \ucd9c\uc785\uc744 \uc804\uba74 \uae08\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ubd80\ubd84\uc801\uc778 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4)\ub97c \ub2e8\ud589\ud568.\n- J \uc9c0\ud68c\ub294 2010. 2. 22.\ubd80\ud130 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uc218\ucc28\ub840 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1d\ud798.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2010. 4. 16. \ub178\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 0\uacfc \ucee8\uc124\ud305 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0, J \uc9c0\ud68c \uc870\uc9c1\ub825 \uc57d\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc790\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2010. 5. 25. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\ub97c \ucca0\ud68c\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 A, B\uc740 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \uad00\ub828 \uc5c5\ubb34\ubc29\ud574 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc720\uc9c0\ub428.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, 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\uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uac1c\uc2dc\ub294 J \uc9c0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud56d\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- **\uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uc720\uc9c0\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131**:\n- J \uc9c0\ud68c\ub294 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uac1c\uc2dc \uc774\ud6c4 \uc218\ucc28\ub840\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\u00b7\ubb35\uc2dc\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc911\ub2e8\ud558\uace0 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uadc0\ud560 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud45c\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc694\uad6c\uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \uc218\uc6a9\ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \uc57d\uc18d\ud558\uba70 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \ucca0\ud68c \ubc0f \ub300\ud654\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud568.\n- J \uc9c0\ud68c\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\ud589\uc704 \ub610\ub294 \uc801\ub300\uc801 \ud589\uc704\uac00 2010. 4. \uc911\uc21c \uc774\ud6c4 \ub69c\ub837\ud558\uac8c \uc7a6\uc544\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ud22c\uc7c1\ub825\uc774 \uc57d\ud654\ub428.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 2010. 4. 16. \ub178\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 0\uacfc \ucee8\uc124\ud305 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0, 0\uc758 \uc790\ubb38\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 J \uc9c0\ud68c\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1\ub825\uc744 \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc758 \uc120\ubcc4\uc801 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ubcf5\uadc0\ub97c \uacc4\ud68d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc870\uc9c1 \ud615\ud0dc \ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ucd1d\ud68c \uac1c\ucd5c \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uac1c\uc785\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c 2010. 4. 16.\ubd80\ud130 2010. 5. 24.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uc720\uc9c0\ub294 \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \ubc97\uc5b4\ub098 \uacf5\uaca9\uc801 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc0c1\uc2e4\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95 \uc81c46\uc870\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2000. 5. 26. \uc120\uace0 98\ub2e434331 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2003. 6. 13. \uc120\uace0 2003\ub4501097 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2016. 5. 24. \uc120\uace0 2012\ub2e485335 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2017. 4. 7. \uc120\uace0 2013\ub2e4101425 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uae30\uac04 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\uac00 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uc784\uae08 \uc804\uc561\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc704\ubc95\ud55c \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4 \uae30\uac04\uc778 2010. 4. 16.\ubd80\ud130 2010. 5. 24.\uae4c\uc9c0 39\uc77c\uac04\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc6d0\uace0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n### \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uc758 \uad6c\uc18d \uae30\uac04 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc804\uc784\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc81c\uacf5\uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\uace0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uc758\ubb34\ub3c4 \uba74\uc81c\ub418\ub098, \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uae08\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc758 \ub300\uac00\uc778 \uc784\uae08\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uac00 \uad6c\uc18d\ub418\uc5b4 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uae30\ub85c \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc18c\uba78\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0 A, B\uc740 \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uad6c\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\uc18d\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uc7c1\uc758\ud589\uc704 \uc911 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \uad6c\uc18d \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc720\uc9c0\ub428. \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2003. 9. 2. \uc120\uace0 2003\ub2e44815, 4822, 4839 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uac1c\uc2dc \uc2dc\uc810\uacfc \uc720\uc9c0 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \ubd84\ub9ac\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568. \ud2b9\ud788, \uc9c1\uc7a5\ud3d0\uc1c4\uac00 \ubc29\uc5b4\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uaca9\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubcc0\uc9c8\ub418\ub294 \uc2dc\uc810\uc744 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc815\ud669(\ub178\ubb34\ubc95\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \ucee8\uc124\ud305 \uacc4\uc57d, \uc870\ud569\uc6d0 \uc120\ubcc4 \ubcf5\uadc0 \uc720\ub3c4, \uc870\uc9c1 \ud615\ud0dc \ubcc0\uacbd \uac1c\uc785 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568.\n- \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uc758 \uad6c\uc18d \uae30\uac04 \uc911 \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \ub2e8\uccb4\ud611\uc57d\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uacfc \ub178\uc870 \uc804\uc784\uc790\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- J 지회의 위법행위 또는 적대적 행위가 2010. 4. 중순 이후 뚜렷하게 잦아들어 투쟁력이 약화됨.
- 회사가 2010. 4. 16. 노무법인 0과 컨설팅 계약을 체결하고, 0의 자문을 받아 J 지회의 조직력을 약화시키기 위한 목적으로 조합원들의 선별적 업무 복귀를 계획적으로 추진하거나 조직 형태 변경을 위한 총회 개최 등에 개입한 것으로 보임.
- 따라서 2010. 4. 16.부터 2010. 5. 24.까지의 직장폐쇄 유지는 쟁의행위에 대한 방어적 목적을 벗어나 공격적 직장폐쇄에 해당하여 정당성을 상실함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 제46조
- 대법원 2000. 5. 26. 선고 98다34331 판결
- 대법원 2003. 6. 13. 선고 2003두1097 판결
- 대법원 2016. 5. 24. 선고 2012다85335 판결
- 대법원 2017. 4. 7. 선고 2013다101425 판결
위법한 직장폐쇄 기간 임금 지급 의무
- 법리: 직장폐쇄가 위법한 경우 사용자는 해당 기간 동안 근로자들이 실제로 받을 수 있었을 임금 전액을 지급하여야 함.
- 법원의 판단: 회사는 위법한 직장폐쇄 기간인 2010. 4. 16.부터 2010.