서울중앙지방법원 | 2018-11-15 | 2017가합544124
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
이사의 부당해임으로 인한 손해배상 책임 및 퇴직연금 반환의무 불이행으로 인한 손해배상 책임 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 주위적 청구(근로기준법상 해고 무효 확인 및 임금 상당 손해배상)는 기각됨.
- 피고 회사(주식회사 B)는 근로자에게 부당해임으로 인한 손해배상금 326,666,666원 및 퇴직연금 상당 손해배상금 31,564,200원, 총 358,230,866원 및 이에 대한 지연손해금을 지급할 의무가 있음.
- 근로자의 피고 회사에 대한 나머지 예비적 청구(노트북 불법 압수, 명예훼손 등) 및 피고 C, D, E에 대한 청구는 모두 기각됨.
사실관계
- 근로자는 피고 회사의 사내이사 겸 전무이사로 근무하다 2016. 10. 20. 해임됨.
- 피고 회사는 근로자가 회사 내부 자료를 무단 유출하였다는 이유로 근로자에 대한 해임 결의를 함.
- 근로자는 피고 회사의 영업비밀 누설 및 업무상 배임 혐의로 형사 진정되었으나, 대부분 무혐의 처분되었고, 기소된 1건(2016. 9. 1. '2016. 8. 해외매출 상세내역 문서' 사진 파일 송부)에 대해서는 무죄 판결을 받고 확정됨.
- 피고 회사는 확정기여형퇴직연금제도를 운영하고 있었고, 근로자는 이에 가입되어 있었으나, 퇴직 후 피고 회사의 퇴직확인서 발급 거부로 퇴직연금을 수령하지 못함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
1. 근로자가 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자는 직업의 종류와 관계없이 임금을 목적으로 사업이나 사업장에 종속적인 관계에서 근로를 제공하였는지 여부에 따라 판단함. 회사의 임원이라도 실제 업무집행권자의 지휘·감독 아래 일정한 노무를 담당하고 대가를 지급받았다면 근로자에 해당할 수 있으나, 위임받은 사무를 처리하는 지위에 있다면 근로자로 보기 어려움.
- 판단:
- 근로자는 등기이사 선임 및 연임 시 별도 근로계약서를 작성하지 않음.
- 피고 회사의 대표이사는 주로 경산 본사에서 근무하고 근로자는 서울 지점에서 근무하였으며, 출퇴근 시간, 근무장소 등에 대한 제한이 있었다고 볼 객관적 자료가 없음.
- 근로자는 연봉 약 1억 4,000만 원을 받으며 해외영업본부를 책임지는 전무이사로 근무하였고, 상당한 독자적 권한과 책임을 가지고 업무를 처리한 것으로 보임.
- 결론: 근로자는 상법상 이사 및 회사의 임원으로서 신임관계 아래 일정한 자율성을 가지고 업무를 수행한 것으로 보이며, 임금을 목적으로 대표이사의 지휘·감독 아래 종속적인 관계에서 근로를 제공하였다고 보기 어려워 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 주위적 청구를 기각한다. 2. 피고 주식회사 B는 원고에게 358,230,866원 및 이에 대하여 2017. 7. 26.부터 다 갚는 날까지 연 15%의 비율로 계산한 돈을 지급하라. 3. 원고의 피고 주식회사 B에 대한 나머지 예비적 청구 및 원고의 피고 C, D, E에 대한 청구를 모두 기각한다. 4. 소송비용 중 원고와 피고 주식회사 B 사이에 생긴 부분의 1/3은 원고가, 나머지는 위 피고가 각 부담하고, 원고와 피고 C, D, E 사이에 생긴 부분은 원고가 부담한다.5. 제2항은 가집행할 수 있다.
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\uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ud574\uc784 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815(\uad6d\uc81c\uc911\uc7ac \uad00\ub828 \uc815\ubcf4 \uc804\ub2ec, F \ub300\ud45c\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774\uba54\uc77c \ubc1c\uc1a1, F\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uae08\uc804 \uc218\ub839 \ub4f1)\uc744 \ud574\uc784\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub098, \uc774\ub294 \ud574\uc784 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc0bc\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uac70\ub098 \ud574\uc784 \uacb0\uc758 \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc0ac\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc784\uae30\ub9cc\ub8cc \uc804\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc0ac\ub0b4\uc774\uc0ac\uc9c1\uc5d0\uc11c \ud574\uc784\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud560 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c. \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uc561\uc740 \uc794\uc5ec \uc784\uae30(28\uac1c\uc6d4) \ub3d9\uc548 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \ubcf4\uc218 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561\uc778 326,666,666\uc6d0\uc784.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uc0c1\ubc95 \uc81c385\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 10. 15. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e425611 \ud310\uacb0\n### 3. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \ubc18\ud658\uc758\ubb34 \ubd88\uc774\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\ucc45\uc784\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ud655\uc815\uae30\uc5ec\ud615\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \uc801\ub9bd\uae08\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud655\uc778\uc11c \ubc1c\uae09 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc744 \uc218\ub839\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uba74, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ub97c \ubc30\uc0c1\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc784\uc6d0\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\uace0, \ud655\uc815\uae30\uc5ec\ud615\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uba70 \uc6d0\uace0\ub3c4 \uc774\uc5d0 \uac00\uc785\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790(L)\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uacc4\uc815\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub2f4\uae08\uc744 \ub0a9\uc785\ud558\uc600\uace0, 2016. 8. 31. \uae30\uc900 31,564,200\uc6d0\uc758 \uc801\ub9bd\uae08\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc801\ub9bd\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc99d\uba85\ud558\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud655\uc778\uc11c \ubc1c\uae09 \ub4f1\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uc5ec \uc9c0\uae09\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1\uae08 31,564,200\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c\ub9cc \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4'\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740, \uc784\uc6d0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c9\uc870 (\ud310\uacb0\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc778\uc6a9\ub41c \uc870\ubb38\uc740 \uc544\ub2c8\ub098, \ud574\ub2f9 \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud655\uc815\uae30\uc5ec\ud615\ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\uac00 \uc6b4\uc601\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud568)\n### 4. \ub178\ud2b8\ubd81 \ubd88\ubc95 \uc555\uc218 \ubc0f \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uccad\uad6c\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub4e4\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ub178\ud2b8\ubd81 \ubd88\ubc95 \uc555\uc218 \ubc0f \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c. (\uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 8. 24.\uc790 \uc900\ube44\uc11c\uba74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ucca0\ud68c\ud568)\n- **\uacb0\ub860**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 **\ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc784\uc6d0\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900**\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0, **\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \ud574\uc784\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c '\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720'\uc758 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud574\uc11d**\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784. \ud2b9\ud788 \ud615\uc0ac\uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ubb34\uc8c4 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc774\uc0ac \ud574\uc784\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\ucce4\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ub610\ud55c, **\uc784\uc6d0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34**\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ud655\uc815\uae30\uc5ec\ud615 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uace0 \uc784\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub2f4\uae08\uc744 \ub0a9\uc785\ud574\uc654\ub2e4\uba74, \ud574\ub2f9 \uc784\uc6d0\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \uc218\ub839\uad8c\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc5f0\uae08 \ubc18\ud658 \uac70\ubd80\uac00 \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \ucc45\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uc784\uc6d0 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uad00\ub828 \ubd84\uc7c1\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc120\ub840\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc784\uc6d0\uc744 \ud574\uc784\ud560 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc0c1\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc2e0\uc911\ud558\uac8c \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud615\uc0ac \ucc98\ubc8c \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc218\ud589\uc5d0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc7a5\uc560\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uc74c\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4\uc57c \ud568**\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 대법원 2017. 11. 9. 선고 2012다10959 판결
2. 근로자에 대한 해임에 정당한 이유가 있는지 여부 및 피고 회사의 손해배상책임
- 법리: 상법 제385조 제1항에서 정한 '정당한 이유'는 주관적인 신뢰관계 상실만으로는 부족하고, 이사가 법령이나 정관 위배 행위를 하였거나 정신적·육체적으로 직무 감당이 곤란한 경우, 회사의 중요한 사업계획 수립이나 추진에 실패하여 경영능력에 대한 근본적인 신뢰관계가 상실된 경우 등 업무 집행에 장애가 될 객관적 상황이 발생한 경우를 의미함.
- 판단:
- 피고 회사가 해임 사유로 삼은 '경영회의 자료 및 영업비밀 자료 무단 유출'은 형사 절차에서 대부분 무혐의 처분되거나 무죄 판결을 받고 확정됨.
- 검찰 및 법원의 판단에 따르면, 근로자가 송부한 자료는 H이 피고 회사의 사외이사 지위를 겸하고 있어 쉽게 얻을 수 있었거나 영업비밀로 보기 어려운 점, 대표이사의 포괄적 지시와 승낙 하에 자료를 전송한 것으로 보이는 점, 공식 이메일 계정을 통해 전송하여 은밀한 시도가 없었던 점, 자료 전송으로 피고 회사에 손해가 발생했다고 보기 어려운 점 등이 인정됨.
- 피고 회사가 제출한 '영업 일일결산서'만으로는 영업비밀에 해당한다고 보기 어렵고, 형사사건에서의 판단을 뒤집고 근로자의 행위가 배신행위에 해당한다고 단정할 수 없음.
- 근로자가