서울중앙지방법원 | 2024-07-11 | 2023가합84029
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제신청 후 복직명령 불이행에 따른 2차 해고의 정당성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 1차 해고 무효 주장을 전제로 한 복직명령 및 인사명령의 위법성 주장과 2차 해고의 무효 주장은 모두 기각됨.
- 회사의 2차 해고는 정당하며, 근로자의 임금 및 위자료 청구는 이유 없음.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2017. 11. 14. 피고 회사에 입사하여 주택사업부 과장으로 근무함.
- 2018. 2. 20. 회사는 근로자의 잦은 지각 및 상사 업무지시 불이행 등을 사유로 1차 징계해고를 단행함.
- 근로자는 1차 해고에 대해 서울지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였고, 서울지방노동위원회와 중앙노동위원회는 1차 해고가 부당해고에 해당한다고 판정함.
- 회사는 위 재심판정 취소청구를 하였으나, 서울행정법원, 서울고등법원, 대법원 모두 1차 해고가 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권을 남용한 부당해고라고 판단하여 회사의 청구를 기각하고 원심판결을 확정함.
- 2021. 9. 16. 회사는 근로자에게 본사 총무부로 출근하라는 복직명령을 하였고, 2021. 9. 23. 출근한 근로자에게 J 현장 근무를 지시하였으나 근로자는 이를 거부하고 퇴사함.
- 근로자가 피고 회사에 출근하지 않자, 회사는 여러 차례 결근계 제출을 요구하였으나 근로자는 응하지 않음.
- 2022. 1. 14. 회사는 근로자에게 2개월 정직을 의결하였고, 2022. 6. 8.에는 근로자의 장기간 무단결근을 사유로 2차 해고를 의결함.
- 근로자는 2차 해고가 위법하여 무효라고 주장하며 미지급 임금 및 위자료를 청구함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
복직명령 및 인사명령의 위법성 여부
- 법리: 사용주가 노동위원회의 원직복직명령에 따라 해고되었던 근로자를 복직시키면서 해고 이후 복직 시까지 해고가 유효함을 전제로 이미 이루어진 인사질서, 사용주의 경영상의 필요, 작업환경의 변화 등을 고려하여 복직 근로자에게 그에 합당한 일을 시킨 경우, 그 일이 비록 종전의 일과 다소 다르더라도 이는 사용주의 고유권한인 경영권의 범위에 속하므로 정당하게 복직시킨 것으로 보아야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사의 복직명령은 1차 해고 및 분쟁으로 장기간 출근하지 않았던 근로자를 우선 출근시킨 후 인사발령을 하기 위한 것으로, '총무부로 출근하라'는 이유만으로 위법하다고 볼 수 없음.
- 근로자의 1차 해고 당시와 복직 당시 피고 회사의 운영 사정에 변동이 있었음. 본사 인원이 절반 이상 줄고, 주택사업부 인원도 감소했으며, 피고 회사의 당기순이익이 크게 감소하는 등 경영상 어려움이 있었음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e1\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud55c\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c. \uc9d5\uacc4\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0\ub294 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ub41c \ube44\uc704\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uacfc \uc131\uc9c8, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ub2ec\uc131\ud558\ub824\uace0 \ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc815\ubaa9\uc801, \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815\uc758 \uae30\uc900 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \ub54c \uadf8 \uc9d5\uacc4\ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub77c\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ubcf5\uc9c1\uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubcf5\uc9c1\ud55c \ub2f9\uc77c \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ud45c\uc2dc\ud55c \ud6c4 \uc57d 8\uac1c\uc6d4 \ub3d9\uc548 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc218\ucc28\ub840 \uacb0\uadfc\uacc4 \uc81c\ucd9c \uc694\uccad\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc751\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2022. 3. 16. \uac74\uac15\uc0c1\uc758 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud734\uc9c1\uc744 \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ubcd1\uc6d0 \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc11c\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ub2e8\uc21c \ucc98\ubc29\uc804\ub9cc \ucca8\ubd80\ud558\uc5ec \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \ud734\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\uac00 \ubd88\uac00\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud68c\uc2e0\ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucd94\uac00 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc778\uc0ac\uba85\ub839\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0 \ud604\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\ub3d9\ud558\uae30\ub3c4 \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc124\uba85\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ub178\ub825\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc6b0\uc120 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc5ec \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839\uc744 \ub2e4\ud234 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2022. 1. 14. 1\ucc28 \ud574\uace0 \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \ud6c4 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \ub4f1\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c 2\uac1c\uc6d4 \uc815\uc9c1\uc744 \uacb0\uc758\ud558\uc5ec, 1\ucc28 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ubc18\uc601\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uacbd\ubbf8\ud55c \uc815\uc9c1\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uae30\ud68c\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud588\uc74c.\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2021. 9. 24.\ubd80\ud130 2\ucc28 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uacb0\uc77c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud55c \ucc28\ub840\ub3c4 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uacb0\uadfc\uacc4 \ubc0f \uc9c4\ub2e8\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \ubc0f \uadfc\ubb34 \ud0dc\ub9cc \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\ub978 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.**\n- **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c 2\ucc28 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5b4 \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9e1\uaca8\uc9c4 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2015. 9. 10. \uc120\uace0 2015\ub2e4208313 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2019. 12. 24. \uc120\uace0 2019\ub45048684 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c25\uc870(\uacb0\uadfc \uc2dc \uc808\ucc28)\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c85\uc870 4\ud638(\uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720: \ud3c9\uc18c \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc, \uc9c0\uac01, \uc870\ud1f4\ub97c \ube48\ubc88\ud558\uac8c \ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc18c\ud640\ud788 \ud558\uac70\ub098, \uadfc\ubb34\ub97c \ud0dc\ub9cc\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \uc790)\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c84\uc870 4\ud638(\ud574\uace0 \ucc98\ubd84 \uae30\uc900: \uc815\uc0c1\uc774 \uadf9\ud788 \uc911\ud558\uc5ec \ud0c0\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ub41c \uc790)\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ucde8\uc5c5\uaddc\uce59 \uc81c86\uc870 9\ud638(\uc9d5\uacc4\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720: \uacc4\uc18d 7\uc77c \uc774\uc0c1 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud558\uac70\ub098, \uc6d4\uac04 10\uc77c \uc774\uc0c1 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud55c \uc790)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \ud310\uc815 \uc774\ud6c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\uba85\ub839\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uacfc \uadf8 \ubd88\uc774\ud589\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 2\ucc28 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- **\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1\uba85\ub839\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1 \ud544\uc694\uc640 \uc791\uc5c5\ud658\uacbd \ubcc0\ud654\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud55c \uc778\uc0ac\uba85\ub839\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uac00\uc9c8 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.**\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\uba85\ub839\uc5d0 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc6b0\uc120 \ubcf5\uc9c1\ud558\uc5ec \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc778\uc0ac\uba85\ub839\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ub2e4\ud22c\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubc14\ub78c\uc9c1\ud558\uba70, \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\uc740 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- **\uc9d5\uacc4 \uc591\uc815\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \ub0a8\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uacbd\uc601 \uc0c1\ud669 \ubcc0\ud654, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uae30\uac04 \ubc0f \ud0dc\ub3c4, \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ub178\ub825(\uc815\uc9c1 \ucc98\ubd84 \ub4f1) \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud568.**"}
- 본사 소속 직원들이 현장으로 인사발령을 받은 사례가 있었고, 이는 현장 인원 감소에 따른 경영상의 필요에 의한 것으로 보임.
- 근로자가 J 현장에서 담당할 예정이었던 업무(수분양자 관리 업무)가 근로계약서에 정해진 '주택담당' 업무와 전혀 별개라고 단정하기 어려움.
- 따라서 회사의 복직명령 및 인사명령이 위법하여 무효라고 보기 어렵고, 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1997. 5. 16. 선고 96다47074 판결
- 대법원 2013. 2. 28. 선고 2010다52041 판결
2차 해고 양정의 적정성 여부
- 법리: 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용하였다고 인정하는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법하다고 할 수 있음. 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃었는지는 직무의 특성, 징계의 원인이 된 비위사실의 내용과 성질, 징계에 의하여 달성하려고 하는 행정목적, 징계양정의 기준 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 판단할 때 그 징계내용이 객관적으로 명백히 부당하다고 인정할 수 있는 경우라야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 복직명령에 따라 복직한 당일 인사발령에 불만을 표시한 후 약 8개월 동안 피고 회사에 출근하지 않았고, 회사의 수차례 결근계 제출 요청에도 응하지 않았음.
- 근로자는 2022. 3. 1