서울고등법원 | 2024-09-04 | 2023누72631
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부패행위 신고와 불이익 조치 간 인과관계 추정 번복 여부 및 신분보장등조치 결정의 재량행위 여부
결과 요약
- 제1심판결을 취소하고 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
- 참가인의 게시글 작성행위 및 고발은 부패방지권익위법상 부패행위 신고에 해당하지 않음.
- 참가인의 감사청구와 보직해임 사이의 인과관계는 추정되며, 근로자가 이를 번복할 충분하고 명백한 증거를 제시하지 못함.
- 회사의 신분보장등조치 결정은 재량행위가 아닌 기속행위이므로 비례원칙 위반 주장은 받아들일 수 없음.
사실관계
- 참가인은 2022. 4. 5.부터 2022. 4. 30.까지 방송통신대 교직원 게시판에 근로자의 총장 자질을 의심하고 사퇴를 촉구하는 게시글을 작성함.
- 참가인은 서울중앙지방검찰청에 근로자의 겸직허가 없는 영리 행위, 총장 임용 관련 직권남용 및 직무유기 의혹 등을 고발함.
- 참가인은 2022. 6. 3. 근로자에 대한 감사청구를 함.
- 근로자는 2022. 6. 13. 해당 사안 집회에 참가하여 감사청구 사실을 언급한 참가인을 보직해임함.
- 참가인은 2022. 11. 10. 회사에게 신분보장등 조치 신청을 함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
참가인의 각 행위의 부패행위 신고 해당 여부
- 쟁점: 참가인의 게시글 작성행위, 고발, 감사청구가 부패방지권익위법상 부패행위 신고에 해당하는지 여부.
- 법리:
- 부패방지권익위법 제2조 제4호 가목은 '공직자가 직무와 관련하여 그 지위 또는 권한을 남용하거나 법령을 위반하여 자기 또는 제3자의 이익을 도모하는 행위'를 부패행위로 정의함.
- 같은 법 제55조 내지 제57조는 신고자를 규정하고, 신고 내용이 허위임을 알았거나 알 수 있었을 경우 보호받지 못한다고 규정함.
- 같은 법 제58조는 부패행위 신고는 본인의 인적사항과 신고취지 및 이유를 기재한 기명의 문서로써 하여야 하며, 신고대상과 부패행위의 증거 등을 함께 제시하여야 한다고 규정함.
- 부패방지권익위법상 부패행위 신고기관은 수사기관, 감사원 또는 회사로 한정됨.
- 법원의 판단:
- 게시글 작성행위: 참가인의 게시글은 주로 언론 기사 내용에 대한 해명을 요청하는 것으로, 명백히 근로자의 '부패행위'를 인지하고 신고하고자 작성했다고 보기 어려움. 또한, 방송통신대 교직원 게시판은 부패행위 신고기관에 해당하지 않으며, 부패행위를 입증할 별다른 증거를 제출하지 않았으므로 부패방지권익위법상 부패행위 신고에 해당하지 않음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심판결을 취소한다. 2. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송 총비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc640 \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \uc870\uce58 \uac04 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc88\ubcf5 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \uacb0\uc815\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\ud589\uc704 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac8c\uc2dc\uae00 \uc791\uc131\ud589\uc704 \ubc0f \uace0\ubc1c\uc740 \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uc640 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \ucd94\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \ubc88\ubcf5\ud560 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uace0 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \uc7ac\ub7c9\ud589\uc704\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uae30\uc18d\ud589\uc704\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \ube44\ub840\uc6d0\uce59 \uc704\ubc18 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2022. 4. 5.\ubd80\ud130 2022. 4. 30.\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubc29\uc1a1\ud1b5\uc2e0\ub300 \uad50\uc9c1\uc6d0 \uac8c\uc2dc\ud310\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ucd1d\uc7a5 \uc790\uc9c8\uc744 \uc758\uc2ec\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\ud1f4\ub97c \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac8c\uc2dc\uae00\uc744 \uc791\uc131\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc11c\uc6b8\uc911\uc559\uc9c0\ubc29\uac80\ucc30\uccad\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uacb8\uc9c1\ud5c8\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc601\ub9ac \ud589\uc704, \ucd1d\uc7a5 \uc784\uc6a9 \uad00\ub828 \uc9c1\uad8c\ub0a8\uc6a9 \ubc0f \uc9c1\ubb34\uc720\uae30 \uc758\ud639 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ubc1c\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2022. 6. 3. \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2022. 6. 13. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud558\uc5ec \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2022. 11. 10. \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1 \uc870\uce58 \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud568.\n\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac01 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac8c\uc2dc\uae00 \uc791\uc131\ud589\uc704, \uace0\ubc1c, \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uac00 \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:**\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c4\ud638 \uac00\ubaa9\uc740 '\uacf5\uc9c1\uc790\uac00 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc704 \ub610\ub294 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ubc95\ub839\uc744 \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\uae30 \ub610\ub294 \uc81c3\uc790\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ub3c4\ubaa8\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704'\ub97c \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc815\uc758\ud568.\n- \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc81c55\uc870 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc81c57\uc870\ub294 \uc2e0\uace0\uc790\ub97c \uaddc\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uc2e0\uace0 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ud5c8\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uc54c\uc558\uac70\ub098 \uc54c \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubcf4\ud638\ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n- \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc81c58\uc870\ub294 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\ub294 \ubcf8\uc778\uc758 \uc778\uc801\uc0ac\ud56d\uacfc \uc2e0\uace0\ucde8\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc774\uc720\ub97c \uae30\uc7ac\ud55c \uae30\uba85\uc758 \ubb38\uc11c\ub85c\uc368 \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc2e0\uace0\ub300\uc0c1\uacfc \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc99d\uac70 \ub4f1\uc744 \ud568\uaed8 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uae30\uad00\uc740 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00, \uac10\uc0ac\uc6d0 \ub610\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\ub85c \ud55c\uc815\ub428.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- **\uac8c\uc2dc\uae00 \uc791\uc131\ud589\uc704:** \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac8c\uc2dc\uae00\uc740 \uc8fc\ub85c \uc5b8\ub860 \uae30\uc0ac \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uba85\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 '\ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704'\ub97c \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\uace0\ud558\uace0\uc790 \uc791\uc131\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \ub610\ud55c, \ubc29\uc1a1\ud1b5\uc2e0\ub300 \uad50\uc9c1\uc6d0 \uac8c\uc2dc\ud310\uc740 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\uba70, \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uace0\ubc1c:** \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uace0\ubc1c\uc740 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc2e0\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub098, \uace0\ubc1c\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \ucca8\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc774 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\uace0\uc758 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- **\uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c:** \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0 \uc774\uc720 \uc911 \"2. \ub2e4. 2) \ud310\ub2e8\" \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec, \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\ub294 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. (\ub2e8, \ud310\uacb0\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uac00 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ud6c4 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0\uc11c \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\ub97c \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\ub85c \uc804\uc81c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.)\n\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uc640 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uc640 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815\uc774 \ubc88\ubcf5\ub420 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:**\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c63\uc870\ub294 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \ud55c \uc790\uac00 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \ud55c \ub4a4 \uad6d\ubbfc\uad8c\uc775\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5 \ub4f1 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2e0\uace0\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \ub2f9\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ub450\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815\uc740 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uacbd\uc704 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc870\uce58\uac00 \ub0b4\ub824\uc84c\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc99d\uba85\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub4f1\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ubc88\ubcf5\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc758 \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc740 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc870\uce58\uad8c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2023. 7. 13. \uc120\uace0 2023\ub45035623 \ud310\uacb0: \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc88\ubcf5 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900 \uc81c\uc2dc.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c63\uc870: \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \ucd94\uc815 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \uad6d\uac00\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95 \uc81c64\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc601\ub9ac\uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc0f \uacb8\uc9c1 \uae08\uc9c0.\n- \uad6c \uad50\uc721\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\ubc95(2017. 11. 28. \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c15039\ud638\ub85c \uac1c\uc815\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc758 \uac83): \uad50\uc721\uacf5\ubb34\uc6d0\uc758 \uc601\ub9ac\uc5c5\ubb34 \ubc0f \uacb8\uc9c1 \uae08\uc9c0.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c7\ud638 \ub2e4\ubaa9: \uc778\uc0ac\uc0c1 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc870\uce58.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870\uc7582 \uc81c1\ud56d: \uad6d\ubbfc\uad8c\uc775\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5 \ub4f1 \uc870\uce58 \uc2e0\uccad.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c7\ud638 \uc544\ubaa9 \ubc0f \uc790\ubaa9: \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \uc870\uce58 \uc81c\uc678 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \ud589\uc815\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d, \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c420\uc870 \ubcf8\ubb38: \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0 \uc774\uc720 \uc778\uc6a9 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c4\ud638 \uac00\ubaa9: \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc815\uc758.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c55\uc870 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uc81c57\uc870: \uc2e0\uace0\uc790 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c58\uc870: \uc2e0\uace0 \ubc29\ubc95 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d: \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58\uacb0\uc815 \uaddc\uc815.\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1\ud638, \uc81c2\ud638, \uc81c3\ud638, \uc81c4\ud638: \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \uaddc\uc815.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c \ud6c4 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\uc744 \ub2f9\ud558\uace0 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1 \uc870\uce58 \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c63\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uc640 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc77c\uc751 \ucd94\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d1\ud68c \ub2f9\uc2dc \ucd1d\ubb34\ud300\uc7a5\uc758 \ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ube44\ubc29\ud558\ub294 \ud604\uc218\ub9c9\uc744 \uac8c\uc2dc\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc0bc\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc778\uc0ac\ubc1c\ub839\ubb38\uc5d0 \"\ucd1d\uc7a5 \uc0ac\ud1f4\uc694\uad6c\uc758 \ud604\uc218\ub9c9\uc744 \uac8c\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ud655\uc131\uae30\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9, \uc2dc\uc704\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\"\uc774 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uc7ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uace0\ubc1c \ubc0f \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc0c1\uc138\ud788 \uae30\uc7ac\ud55c \uc5f0\uc124\ubb38\uc744 \ub0ad\ub3c5\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc774\ub294 \uc720\ud29c\ube0c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc2e4\uc2dc\uac04 \uc0dd\uc911\uacc4\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c. \uc5f0\uc124\ubb38\uc5d0\ub294 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ub450 \ubc88\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ubd84\uba85\ud558\uac8c \uc5b8\uae09\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d1\ud68c \ub2f9\uc77c \uc624\ud6c4, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ucc38\uc5ec\ud55c \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubcf4\uace0\ub97c \ub4e4\uc740 \ud6c4 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uc9d1\ud68c \ucc38\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \ub4e4\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc774\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\uc758 \uc2dc\uae30 \ubc0f \uacbd\uc704, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124 \ub0b4\uc6a9 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uba74, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc9d1\ud68c\uc5d0\uc11c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc5f0\uc124\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784 \uc0ac\uc720 \uc911 \ud558\ub098\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud588\uc744 \uac1c\uc5f0\uc131\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ub192\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uac10\uc0ac\uccad\uad6c\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ub41c \uacbd\uc704 \uc790\uccb4\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc9c1\ud574\uc784\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc84c\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uba85\ubc31\ud558\uac8c \uc99d\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815\uc740 \ubc88\ubcf5\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n\n### \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \ube44\ub840\uc6d0\uce59 \uc704\ubc18 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \uacb0\uc815(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84)\uc774 \uc7ac\ub7c9\ud589\uc704\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \ube44\ub840\uc6d0\uce59\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ub418\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:**\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870\uc7583 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \uc2e0\uccad\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc870\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc \uc2e0\uace0\uc790\uac00 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\uac70\ub098 \ubc1b\uc744 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc608\uc0c1\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc18c\uc18d\uae30\uad00\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc5d0\uac8c 30\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uc694\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n- \uc18c\uc18d\uae30\uad00\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba74 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uc704 \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uc6d0\uc0c1\ud68c\ubcf5 \uc870\uce58, \ubcf4\uc218 \uc9c0\uae09, \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc870\uce58 \ucde8\uc18c \ub610\ub294 \uae08\uc9c0, \uc804\ubcf4 \ub4f1 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:**\n- \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc758 \uad00\ub828 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc870\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc790\uac00 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc18c\uc18d\uae30\uad00\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub824\uc57c \ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ub0b4\ub9b4\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc120\ud0dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uc989, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84\uc740 \uae30\uc18d\ud589\uc704\uc784.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc7ac\ub7c9\ud589\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\ub840\uc6d0\uce59 \uc704\ubc18 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ub354 \ub098\uc544\uac00 \uc0b4\ud544 \ud544\uc694 \uc5c6\uc774 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc77c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubd80\ud328\ubc29\uc9c0\uad8c\uc775\uc704\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc758 \uc694\uac74\uacfc \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815\uc758 \ubc88\ubcf5 \uc694\uac74\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \ud310\ub2e8 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc758\ud639 \uc81c\uae30\ub098 \ube44\ubc29\uc131 \uac8c\uc2dc\uae00\uc740 \uc2e0\uace0\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc778\uacfc\uad00\uacc4 \ucd94\uc815 \ubc88\ubcf5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc774 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc870\uce58\uad8c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uace0, \uadf8 \ubc88\ubcf5\uc744 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ucda9\ubd84\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ud544\uc694\ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \uc2e0\ubd84\ubcf4\uc7a5\ub4f1\uc870\uce58 \uacb0\uc815\uc774 \uae30\uc18d\ud589\uc704\uc784\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \uad6d\ubbfc\uad8c\uc775\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \ud574\ub2f9 \uacb0\uc815\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc7ac\ub7c9\uc758 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \ubc1d\ud798\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \ubd80\ud328\ud589\uc704 \uc2e0\uace0\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uac15\ud55c \uc758\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uacf5\uc775\uc801 \ubaa9\uc801\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \uc2e0\uace0\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc640 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc790\uc728\uc131 \uce68\ud574 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud55c \ud310\uacb0\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub428."}
- 고발: 해당 사안 고발은 수사기관에 근로자의 부패행위를 신고한 것에 해당하나, 고발장에 근로자의 부패행위를 입증할 다른 증거를 첨부하지 않았으므로 부패방지권익위법이 규정하는 신고의 방법을 준수했다고 볼 수 없어 부패행위 신고에 해당하지 않음.
- 감사청구: 제1심판결 이유 중 "2.
다. 2) 판단" 부분을 인용하여, 감사청구는 부패행위 신고에 해당한다고 판단함. (단, 판결문에는 감사청구가 부패행위 신고에 해당한다는 명시적인 판단이 직접적으로 기재되어 있지 않으나, 이후 인과관계 추정 판단에서 감사청구를 부패행위 신고로 전제하고 있음.)
해당 사안 감사청구와 해당 사안 보직해임 사이의 인과관계 인정 여부
- 쟁점: 참가인의 감사청구와 근로자의 보직해임 사이에 부패방지권익위법상 인과관계 추정이 번복될 특별한 사정이 있는지 여부.
- 법리:
- 부패방지권익위법 제63조는 부패행위 신고를 한 자가 신고를 한 뒤 국민권익위원회에 신분보장 등 조치를 신청한 경우 해당 신고와 관련하여 불이익을 당한 것으로 추정하는 인과관계 추정 규정을 두고 있음.
- 인과관계 추정은 충분하고도 명백한 증거에 의하여 부패행위 신고와 관련된 경위 자체가 없었더라도 불이익조치가 내려졌을 것이라는 점이 증명되는 경우 등과 같이 특별한 사정이 있는 때에는 번복될 수 있음.
- 이러한 특별한 사정의 증명책임은 불이익조치권자에게 있음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2023. 7. 13. 선고 202