수원지방법원 | 2017-11-24 | 2016가합80560
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
경업금지약정의 유효성 판단 기준 및 비자발적 퇴직 근로자에 대한 무효 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 회사에 대한 경업금지약정 위반을 이유로 한 경업금지 및 손해배상 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 OLED 재료 연구개발 및 제조업을 영위하는 회사이며, 회사는 2013. 12. 16. 근로자에 입사하여 B팀 팀장으로 근무함.
- 회사는 2016. 4. 22. 근로자에게 2016. 5. 11.자 퇴직원을 제출하였으나, 2016. 4. 26. 사직 의사를 철회함.
- 근로자는 회사의 사직 의사 철회에도 불구하고 2016. 5. 11.자로 회사를 퇴직 처리함.
- 회사는 입·퇴사 당시 근로자의 요구에 따라 경업금지서약서와 보안서약서(해당 사안 경업금지약정)를 제출함.
- 회사는 2016. 7. 28. OLED 재료 관련 경쟁업체인 머티어리얼사이언스 주식회사에 취업하여 근로자에서와 동일하게 B업무를 담당함.
- 근로자는 회사가 해당 사안 경업금지약정을 위반하여 경쟁회사에 취업하였으므로, 경업금지 및 5,000만 원의 손해배상을 청구함.
- 회사는 사직 의사 철회로 경업금지약정의 효력이 소멸되었거나, 약정이 민법 제103조에 반하여 무효라고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
경업금지약정의 유효성
- 법리: 사용자와 근로자 간 경업금지약정은 헌법상 보장된 근로자의 직업선택의 자유와 근로권 등을 과도하게 제한하거나 자유로운 경쟁을 지나치게 제한하는 경우 민법 제103조에 정한 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 반하는 법률행위로서 무효로 봄.
- 판단 기준: 경업금지약정의 유효성은 보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익, 근로자의 퇴직 전 지위, 경업 제한의 기간·지역 및 대상 직종, 근로자에 대한 대가의 제공 유무, 근로자의 퇴직 경위, 공공의 이익 및 기타 사정 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
- 보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익: 부정경쟁방지 및 영업비밀보호에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호에 정한 '영업비밀'뿐만 아니라, 그 정도에 이르지 아니하였더라도 당해 사용자만이 가지고 있는 지식 또는 정보로서 근로자와 이를 제3자에게 누설하지 않기로 약정한 것이거나 고객관계나 영업상의 신용의 유지도 포함됨.
- 증명 책임: 경업금지약정의 유효성을 인정할 수 있는 제반 사정은 사용자가 주장·증명할 책임이 있음.
- 법원의 판단: 해당 사안 경업금지약정은 회사의 직업선택의 자유나 근로권을 과도하게 제한하고 자유로운 경쟁을 지나치게 제한하여 민법 제103조에 반하는 무효의 법률행위로 판단함.
- 퇴직 경위: 회사는 퇴직원을 제출한 직후 사직 의사를 철회하였고, 근로자가 퇴직원을 수리하여 확정적으로 근로계약 종료의 효과가 발생하였다고 볼 만한 사정이 없으므로, 회사의 퇴사는 비자발적 사직에 해당함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\uce68\ud574\ub97c \uc785\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc785\uc99d\uc774 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- **\ub300\uac00\uc758 \ubd80\uc7ac \ubc0f \uacfc\ub3c4\ud55c \uc81c\ud55c**: \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815 \uccb4\uacb0\ub85c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ub300\uac00\ub97c \uc218\ub839\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4, \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ud6c4 2\ub144\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uae34 \uc2dc\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \ub3d9\uc885\uc5c5\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ubb34\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc9c0\ub098\uce58\uac8c \uce68\ud574\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2010. 3. 11. \uc120\uace0 2009\ub2e482244 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1992. 4. 10. \uc120\uace0 91\ub2e443138 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c103\uc870 (\ubc18\uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\uc758 \ubc95\ub960\ud589\uc704): \uc120\ub7c9\ud55c \ud48d\uc18d \uae30\ud0c0 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc9c8\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc744 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960\ud589\uc704\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \ubd80\uc815\uacbd\uc7c1\ubc29\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uc601\uc5c5\ube44\ubc00\ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638 (\uc601\uc5c5\ube44\ubc00): \uacf5\uacf5\uc5f0\ud788 \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ub41c \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uac00\uce58\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c, \ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ub825\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\ubc00\ub85c \uc720\uc9c0\ub41c \uc0dd\uc0b0\ubc29\ubc95, \ud310\ub9e4\ubc29\ubc95, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc5d0 \uc601\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc720\uc6a9\ud55c \uae30\uc220\uc0c1 \ub610\ub294 \uacbd\uc601\uc0c1\uc758 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c1\uc5c5\uc120\ud0dd\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uad8c \ubcf4\ud638**\ub97c \uac15\uc870\ud558\uba70, **\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ud560 \uac00\uce58 \uc788\ub294 \uc774\uc775\uc758 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc785\uc99d \ucc45\uc784**\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 **\ube44\uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \ud1f4\uc9c1**\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc758 \uc720\ud6a8\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac \ucca0\ud68c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0\uc57d\uc815 \uccb4\uacb0 \uc2dc **\ud569\ub9ac\uc801\uc778 \ub300\uac00 \uc81c\uacf5\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131**\uc744 \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \ud655\uc778\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc8fc\uba70, \ub300\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uacbd\uc5c5\uae08\uc9c0 \uc57d\uc815\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ub420 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ub192\uc74c\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 보호할 가치 있는 사용자의 이익 부족: 회사가 근로자에서 담당한 업무(OLED 소자 특성 평가)는 업계에서 일반적으로 사용되는 방법이며, 근로자만의 특유한 평가방법이 있었다고 볼 수 없음. 회사가 경쟁사에 입사함으로써 근로자가 구체적으로 어떠한 이익 침해를 입었는지에 대한 근로자의 입증이 부족함.
- 대가의 부재 및 과도한 제한: 회사가 경업금지약정 체결로 특별한 대가를 수령한 것으로 보이지 않음에도, 퇴직 후 2년이라는 긴 시간 동안 동종업계에서 근무할 수 없게 되는 것은 회사의 이익을 지나치게 침해함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2010. 3. 11. 선고 2009다82244 판결
- 대법원 1992. 4. 10. 선고 91다43138 판결
- 민법 제103조 (반사회질서의 법률행위): 선량한 풍속 기타 사회질서에 위반한 사항을 내용으로 하는 법률행위는 무효로 한다.
- 부정경쟁방지 및 영업비밀보호에 관한 법률 제2조 제2호 (영업비밀): 공공연히 알려져 있지 아니하고 독립된 경제적 가치를 가지는 것으로서, 합리적인 노력에 의하여 비밀로 유지된 생산방법, 판매방법, 그 밖에 영업활동에 유용한 기술상 또는 경