대구지방법원 | 2016-10-19 | 2015노1122
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
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노동조합 지배·개입 및 조합탈퇴 강요 혐의 항소심 판단
결과 요약
- 피고인들의 항소와 검사의 피고인 A에 대한 항소를 모두 기각함.
사실관계
- 피고인들은 노동조합의 조직 또는 운영에 지배·개입하고, 파업 복귀 노조원들에게 조합탈퇴를 강요한 혐의로 기소됨.
- 원심은 피고인들에게 유죄를 선고하였으며, 피고인들은 사실오인 및 법리오해를 이유로 항소함.
- 검사는 피고인 A에 대한 원심의 형이 너무 가볍다는 이유로 항소함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
제1심 증인 진술 신빙성 판단의 존중 여부
- 법리: 형사소송법상 실질적 직접심리주의에 비추어 제1심 증인 진술의 신빙성 판단이 명백히 잘못되었거나 현저히 부당한 예외적인 경우가 아니라면 항소심은 제1심의 판단을 존중해야 함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 원심이 적법하게 채택한 증거들을 종합하면, Q, R의 진술이 일부 일관되지 않아도 주요 내용에 있어서는 일관되게 '파업 복귀 후 교육 과정에서 O, P으로부터 조합탈퇴를 강요받았다'고 진술하고 있음.
- 원심이 자세히 설시한 여러 정황이 이에 부합하여 그 신빙성을 인정할 수 있으며, 피고인들이 당심에서 제출한 증거들과 증인 AE, BE의 진술만으로는 이를 뒤집기에 부족함.
- 위 각 진술의 신빙성에 관한 원심의 판단이 현저히 부당하다고 볼 만한 사정이 엿보이지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 11. 24. 선고 2006도4994 판결
공범 이론 배치 및 불기소처분 관련 주장
- 법원의 판단:
- P에 대한 혐의없음(증거불충분) 처분은 AN에 대한 희망퇴직 권유 발언에 관한 것으로, 해당 사안 공소사실인 Q, R에 대한 조합탈퇴 강요와는 다른 별개의 행위에 대한 것임.
- 따라서 P에 대한 불기소처분이 있었다고 하여 해당 사안 공소제기가 공범 이론에 배치되어 부당하다고 할 수 없음.
- P, O의 회사 내 지위에 비추어 수사기관이 이들에게 별다른 형사처분을 하지 않았다고 해서 이들이 해당 실행행위를 하지 않았음을 방증한다고 볼 수도 없음.
조합탈퇴 강요 문제 제기 시점의 신빙성 여부
- 법원의 판단:
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인들의 항소와 검사의 피고인 A에 대한 항소를 모두 기각한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \ubc0f \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694 \ud610\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\uc640 \uac80\uc0ac\uc758 \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \ubaa8\ub450 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785\ud558\uace0, \ud30c\uc5c5 \ubcf5\uadc0 \ub178\uc870\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud55c \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uae30\uc18c\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\uc8c4\ub97c \uc120\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc740 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc624\uc778 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub9ac\uc624\ud574\ub97c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud56d\uc18c\ud568.\n- \uac80\uc0ac\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \ud615\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uac00\ubccd\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud56d\uc18c\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uc81c1\uc2ec \uc99d\uc778 \uc9c4\uc220 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uc874\uc911 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud615\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc9c1\uc811\uc2ec\ub9ac\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc81c1\uc2ec \uc99d\uc778 \uc9c4\uc220\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774 \uba85\ubc31\ud788 \uc798\ubabb\ub418\uc5c8\uac70\ub098 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc608\uc678\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uba74 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc740 \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uc874\uc911\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc774 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\uac8c \ucc44\ud0dd\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uba74, Q, R\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc77c\uad00\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544\ub3c4 \uc8fc\uc694 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc77c\uad00\ub418\uac8c '\ud30c\uc5c5 \ubcf5\uadc0 \ud6c4 \uad50\uc721 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c O, P\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ubc1b\uc558\ub2e4'\uace0 \uc9c4\uc220\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc774 \uc790\uc138\ud788 \uc124\uc2dc\ud55c \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc815\ud669\uc774 \uc774\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc774 \ub2f9\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub4e4\uacfc \uc99d\uc778 AE, BE\uc758 \uc9c4\uc220\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc774\ub97c \ub4a4\uc9d1\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud568.\n- \uc704 \uac01 \uc9c4\uc220\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc774 \ud604\uc800\ud788 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5ff\ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 11. 24. \uc120\uace0 2006\ub3c44994 \ud310\uacb0\n### \uacf5\ubc94 \uc774\ub860 \ubc30\uce58 \ubc0f \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84 \uad00\ub828 \uc8fc\uc7a5\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- P\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c(\uc99d\uac70\ubd88\ucda9\ubd84) \ucc98\ubd84\uc740 AN\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud76c\ub9dd\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uad8c\uc720 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc778 Q, R\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694\uc640\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc784.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c P\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacf5\uc18c\uc81c\uae30\uac00 \uacf5\ubc94 \uc774\ub860\uc5d0 \ubc30\uce58\ub418\uc5b4 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- P, O\uc758 \ud68c\uc0ac \ub0b4 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 \uc218\uc0ac\uae30\uad00\uc774 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud574\uc11c \uc774\ub4e4\uc774 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2e4\ud589\ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c\uc744 \ubc29\uc99d\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694 \ubb38\uc81c \uc81c\uae30 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub098 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c '\ud76c\ub9dd\ud1f4\uc9c1 \uac15\uc694'\ubcf4\ub2e4 '\uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694'\uac00 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \ub354 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud30c\uc5c5 \ubc0f \ubcf5\uadc0 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc218\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc18c\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \uc774\uc288\ub97c \uad00\ud560 \ub178\ub3d9\uccad\uc5d0 \uc6b0\uc120\ud558\uc5ec \ubbfc\uc6d0 \uc81c\uae30\ud588\uc744 \uc5ec\uc9c0\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- '\uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694' \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uac1c\ubcc4 \uba74\ub2f4 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc740\ubc00\ud788 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 '\uc778\ub825\uad6c\uc870\uc870\uc815\ub85c\ub4dc\ub9f5' \ub4f1\uc758 \ubb38\uac74\uc774 \uacf5\uac1c\ub418\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0\ub294 \uc870\ud569\uc6d0\uc774\ub098 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc774 \uadf8 \ud589\uc704\ub97c \uc790\uac01\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud3ec\ucc29\ud558\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6e0\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc744 \ubc30\uc81c\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, O, P\uc774 Q, R\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4\ub97c \uac15\uc694\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uace0, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\ub4e4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\uc744 \uc218\ubc16\uc5d0 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud568.\n### \uac80\uc0ac\uc758 \uc591\ud615\ubd80\ub2f9 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc94\ud589\uc740 \ub178\uc0ac \uac04 \uade0\ud615\uc744 \ubb34\ub108\ub728\ub9ac\uace0 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ub2e8\uacb0\uad8c \ub4f1\uc744 \uce68\ud574\ud558\uba70 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569 \ubc0f \ub178\ub3d9\uad00\uacc4\uc870\uc815\ubc95\uc758 \uc785\ubc95 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubab0\uac01\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc8c4\uc9c8\uc774 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \uc88b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ubc94\ud589\uc744 \ubd80\uc778\ud558\uba70 \ubc18\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \ubcf4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\ub294 \ubc8c\uae08\ud615 2\ud68c \uc678 \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uace0 \ub3d9\uc885\ubc94\uc8c4 \uc804\ub825\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uace0\uc18c\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ud30c\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\uace0, \uc870\ud569\uc6d0 \uc911 \uace0\uc18c\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ubc29\uce68\uc774\ub098 \ub178\uc120\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc138\ub825\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\uc758 \ub098\uc774, \uc131\ud589, \ud658\uacbd, \ubc94\ud589 \ub3d9\uae30, \uc218\ub2e8\uacfc \uacb0\uacfc, \ubc94\ud589 \ud6c4\uc758 \uc815\ud669 \ub4f1 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc591\ud615 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \ucc38\uc791\ud558\uba74, \uc6d0\uc2ec\uc758 \ud615\uc774 \ub108\ubb34 \uac00\ubcbc\uc6cc\uc11c \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778 A\ub294 \ubc8c\uae08\ud615 2\ud68c \uc678 \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \ubc94\uc8c4\uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \uace0\uc18c\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ud30c\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568.\n- \uc870\ud569\uc6d0 \uc911 \uace0\uc18c\uc778 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \ubc29\uce68\uc774\ub098 \ub178\uc120\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc138\ub825\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub178\ub3d9\uc870\ud569\uc758 \uc870\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \uc6b4\uc601\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc9c0\ubc30\u00b7\uac1c\uc785 \ubc0f \uc870\ud569\ud0c8\ud1f4 \uac15\uc694\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ubd80\ub2f9\ub178\ub3d9\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 \uc81c1\uc2ec \uc99d\uc778 \uc9c4\uc220\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec\uc758 \uc874\uc911 \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc774\ub098 \ubb38\uc81c \uc81c\uae30 \uc2dc\uc810\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc774 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uacf5\uc18c\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc544\ub2d8\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc591\ud615 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \ubc94\ud589\uc758 \uc8c4\uc9c8\uacfc \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc804\uacfc, \ubc94\ud589 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uc0c1\ud669, \ud53c\ud574 \uc815\ub3c4 \ub4f1 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uc591\ud615 \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 근로자나 노동조합 입장에서 '희망퇴직 강요'보다 '조합탈퇴 강요'가 반드시 더 중대한 문제라고 보기는 어려움.
- 파업 및 복귀 과정에서 다수의 근로자가 퇴직한 상황에서 고소인 노동조합이 다수 근로자의 퇴직 이슈를 관할 노동청에 우선하여 민원 제기했을 여지가 있음.
- '조합탈퇴 강요' 행위는 개별 면담 과정에서 은밀히 이루어지는 특성상 '인력구조조정로드맵' 등의 문건이 공개되기 전에는 조합원이나 노동조합이 그 행위를 자각하거나 포착하기 어려웠을 가능성을 배제할 수 없음.
- 이러한 사정들을 종합할 때, O, P이 Q, R에게 조합탈퇴를 강요한 사실을 인정할 수 있고, 이에 대해 피고인들의 지시가 있었을 수밖에 없다고 판단한 원심의 판단은 정당함.
검사의 양형부당 주장에 대한 판단
- 법원의 판단:
- 해당 사안 범행은 노사 간 균형을 무너뜨리고 근로자의 단결권 등을 침해하며 노동조합 및 노동관계조정법의 입법 취지를 몰각하는 것으로 죄질이 매우 좋지 않음.
- 피고인 A는 자신의 범행을 부인하며 반성하는 태도를 보이지 않음.
- 그러나 피고인 A는 벌금형 2회 외 별다른 범죄전력이 없고 동종범죄 전력도 없음.
- 고소인 노동조합의 파업으로 회사에 막대한 손실이 발생했고, 조합원 중 고소인 노동조합의 방침이나 노선에 반대하는 세력도 있었던 것으로 보임.
- 피고인 A의 나이, 성행, 환경, 범행 동기, 수단과 결과, 범행 후의 정황 등 모든 양형 조건을 참작하면, 원심의 형이 너무 가벼워서 부당하다고 인정되지 아니함.
참고사실
- 피고인 A는 벌금형 2회 외 별다른 범죄전력이 없음.
- 고소인 노동조합의 파업으로 회사에 막대한 손실이 발생함.
- 조합원 중 고소인 노동조합의 방침이나 노선에 반대하는 세력도 존재