부산지방법원 서부지원 | 2020-07-17 | 2019고정964
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로기준법상 해고예고의무 위반 사건에서 근로자성 및 고의 인정 여부
결과 요약
- 피고인에게 벌금 1,000,000원 선고함.
- 벌금 미납 시 100,000원을 1일로 환산한 기간 노역장에 유치함.
- 벌금에 상당한 금액의 가납을 명함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 상시 4명의 근로자를 사용하는 화물운송업 사업주임.
- 피고인은 2019. 3. 25. D, E, F을 해고하면서 30일 전 해고 예고를 하지 않았음.
- 피고인은 해고예고수당 3,900,000원을 해고일에 즉시 지급하지 않았음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 근로자성 인정 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자에 해당하는지 여부는 계약의 형식보다 실질에 있어 임금을 목적으로 종속적인 관계에서 사용자에게 근로를 제공하였는지 여부를 종합적으로 판단함.
- 판단:
- 피고인이 구체적인 업무 시간과 장소를 고지하고, D 등이 이에 따라 업무를 수행함.
- 하루 이사짐 운반 의뢰가 1건인 경우 D 등이 거의 업무를 수행함.
- 3명이 한 팀을 이루어 업무를 수행하였고, 팀 구성은 피고인이 지정함.
- 피고인은 D 등 3명에게 고정적으로 이사짐 운반 업무를 맡겼고, D 등이 제3자를 고용하여 업무를 대행하게 할 수 없었음.
- 이사짐 운반 업무에 사용된 드릴 등 비품은 피고인이 제공함.
- 현장에서 추가 인원이 필요한 경우 피고인의 관여 하에 추가 인원을 투입하여 업무를 수행하였고, D 등이 독자적으로 결정하지 못함.
- 피고인은 이사짐 운반 업무에 관하여 일반적인 지시를 내렸고, 위험하거나 5톤 이상 이사짐 운반 시 함께 현장을 다니며 업무지시를 함.
- 매일 출퇴근하거나 근무시간이 미리 정해지지 않았더라도, 이는 업무 특성상 단속적 근로자로 볼 근거는 되나 근로자성 자체를 부정할 사유는 아님.
- 비록 고정급을 받거나 근로소득세를 공제하지 않았더라도, 위와 같은 사정들을 종합할 때 D 등의 근로자성이 인정됨.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인을 벌금 1,000,000원에 처한다. 피고인이 위 벌금을 납입하지 아니하는 경우 100,000원을 1일로 환산한 기간 피고인을 노역장에 유치한다. 피고인에게 위 벌금에 상당한 금액의 가납을 명한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ubc0f \uace0\uc758 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc8c\uae08 1,000,000\uc6d0 \uc120\uace0\ud568.\n- \ubc8c\uae08 \ubbf8\ub0a9 \uc2dc 100,000\uc6d0\uc744 1\uc77c\ub85c \ud658\uc0b0\ud55c \uae30\uac04 \ub178\uc5ed\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc720\uce58\ud568.\n- \ubc8c\uae08\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uae08\uc561\uc758 \uac00\ub0a9\uc744 \uba85\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc0c1\uc2dc 4\uba85\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ud654\ubb3c\uc6b4\uc1a1\uc5c5 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc8fc\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2019. 3. 25. D, E, F\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud558\uba74\uc11c 30\uc77c \uc804 \ud574\uace0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 3,900,000\uc6d0\uc744 \ud574\uace0\uc77c\uc5d0 \uc989\uc2dc \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc885\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc2dc\uac04\uacfc \uc7a5\uc18c\ub97c \uace0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0, D \ub4f1\uc774 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n- \ud558\ub8e8 \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18 \uc758\ub8b0\uac00 1\uac74\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0 D \ub4f1\uc774 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud568.\n- 3\uba85\uc774 \ud55c \ud300\uc744 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud300 \uad6c\uc131\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uc9c0\uc815\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 D \ub4f1 3\uba85\uc5d0\uac8c \uace0\uc815\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub9e1\uacbc\uace0, D \ub4f1\uc774 \uc81c3\uc790\ub97c \uace0\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \ub300\ud589\ud558\uac8c \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \ub4dc\ub9b4 \ub4f1 \ube44\ud488\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uc81c\uacf5\ud568.\n- \ud604\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd94\uac00 \uc778\uc6d0\uc774 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uad00\uc5ec \ud558\uc5d0 \ucd94\uac00 \uc778\uc6d0\uc744 \ud22c\uc785\ud558\uc5ec \uc5c5\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud558\uc600\uace0, D \ub4f1\uc774 \ub3c5\uc790\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\uc2dc\ub97c \ub0b4\ub838\uace0, \uc704\ud5d8\ud558\uac70\ub098 5\ud1a4 \uc774\uc0c1 \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18 \uc2dc \ud568\uaed8 \ud604\uc7a5\uc744 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uba70 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc9c0\uc2dc\ub97c \ud568.\n- \ub9e4\uc77c \ucd9c\ud1f4\uadfc\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774\ub294 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \ub2e8\uc18d\uc801 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ubcfc \uadfc\uac70\ub294 \ub418\ub098 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc790\uccb4\ub97c \ubd80\uc815\ud560 \uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \uc544\ub2d8.\n- \ube44\ub85d \uace0\uc815\uae09\uc744 \ubc1b\uac70\ub098 \uadfc\ub85c\uc18c\ub4dd\uc138\ub97c \uacf5\uc81c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\ub4e4\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c D \ub4f1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 12. 7. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e429736 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2001. 2. 9. \uc120\uace0 2000\ub2e457498 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud558\uace0, 30\uc77c \uc804\uc5d0 \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c63\uc870 \uc81c3\ud638: \uadfc\ub85c\uc2dc\uac04, \ud734\uac8c\uc640 \ud734\uc77c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uac10\uc2dc \ub610\ub294 \ub2e8\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc5d0 \uc885\uc0ac\ud558\ub294 \uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc2b9\uc778\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc704\ubc18\uc8c4\uc758 \uace0\uc758 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c26\uc870\uc758 '\uadfc\ub85c\uc790'\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \ud574\uc11d\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\uac00 \ub418\ub294 \uaddc\ubc94\uc801 \uad6c\uc131\uc694\uac74\uc694\uc18c\uc774\ub098, \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc778\uc2dd\uc740 '\ubb38\uc678\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc18c\ubc15\ud55c \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\uc758 \uc778\uc2dd'\uc73c\ub85c \ucda9\ubd84\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 D \ub4f1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc0c1\ud669\uc744 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- D \ub4f1\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \ub2e8\uc5b8\ud560 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubcc4\ub2e4\ub978 \uac80\ud1a0 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 \ubbf8\ud544\uc801\uc73c\ub85c\ub098\ub9c8 D \ub4f1\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04.\n- D\uac00 200,000\uc6d0\uc744 \ud6a1\ub839\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uae08\uc561\uc774 \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9\uc5d0 \ube44\ud574 \ud131\uc5c6\uc774 \uc791\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud574\uace0\uc608\uace0\uc218\ub2f9 \ub4f1 \uc9c0\uae09\uc758\ubb34\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ud234 \ub9cc\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80 \ubc95\uc815\uc9c4\uc220, \uc99d\uc778 D, F, E\uc758 \uac01 \ubc95\uc815\uc9c4\uc220, 2019\ub144 3\uc6d4/2\uc6d4 \ub2ec\ub825, \uc608\uae08\uac70\ub798\uc2e4\uc801\uc99d\uba85\uc11c, \ud68c\uc6d0\uac70\ub798\uacc4\uc88c\ubcc4\ub0b4\uc5ed\uc99d\uba85\uc11c \ub4f1\uc774 \uc99d\uac70\ub85c \uc81c\ucd9c\ub428.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uc885\uc18d \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \uae30\uc874 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc774\uc0ac\uc9d0 \uc6b4\ubc18\uc5c5\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04\uc774\ub098 \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \uc720\ub3d9\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5, \ube44\ud488 \uc81c\uacf5, \uc81c3\uc790 \uace0\uc6a9 \ubd88\uac00 \ub4f1 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc694\uc18c\ub97c \uc885\ud569\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ub428.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 '\ubbf8\ud544\uc801 \uace0\uc758'\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc8fc\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ub113\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud55c \uc810\ub3c4 \uc911\uc694\ud568.\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ud615\ud0dc\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\uace0\uc6a9\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \ud504\ub9ac\ub79c\uc11c \uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ub2e4\ud22c\ub294 \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ucc38\uace0\uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 대법원 2001. 2. 9. 선고 2000다57498 판결
- 근로기준법 제26조: 사용자는 근로자를 해고하려면 적어도 30일 전에 예고를 하여야 하고, 30일 전에 예고를 하지 아니하였을 때에는 30일분 이상의 통상임금을 지급하여야 한다.
- 근로기준법 제63조 제3호: 근로시간, 휴게와 휴일에 관한 규정은 감시 또는 단속적으로 근로에 종사하는 자로서 사용자의 승인을 받은 자에 대하여는 적용하지 아니한다.
근로기준법위반죄의 고의 인정 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법 제26조의 '근로자'는 법적 개념의 해석이 문제가 되는 규범적 구성요건요소이나, 이에 대한 인식은 '문외한으로서의 소박한 사회적 의미의 인식'으로 충분함.
- 판단:
- 피고인은 D 등의 근로상황을 충분히 인식하고 있었음.
- D 등이 근로자가 아니라고 단언할 특별한 사정이 없음에도 별다른 검토 없이 해고예고수당을 지급하지 않음.
- 피고인은 적어도 미필적으로나마 D 등의 근로자성을 인식하고 있었다고 봄.
- D가 200,000원을 횡령하였다고 하더라도 그 금액이 해고예고수당에 비해 턱없이 작으므로, 해고예고수당 등 지급의무의 존재에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있다고 볼 수 없음.
참고사실
- 피고인의 일부 법정진술, 증인 D, F, E의 각 법정진술, 2019년 3월/2월 달력, 예금거래실적증명서, 회원거래계좌별내역증명서 등이 증거로 제출됨.
검토
- 본 판결은 근로기준법상 근로자성 판단에 있어 계약의 형식보다는 실질적인 종속 관계를 중시하는 대법원의 기존 입장을 재확인함.
- 특히, 이사짐 운반업과 같이 업무 특성상 근무시간이나 장소가 유동적인 경우에도 사용자의 지휘·감독, 비품 제공, 제3자 고용 불가 등 여러 요소를 종합하여 근로자성을 인정한 점이 주목됨.
- 또한, 근로기준법 위반에 대한 고의 판단에 있어 '미필적 고의'를