서울행정법원 | 2015-10-08 | 2015구합58980
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
외국인 근로자 해고의 정당성 판단: 무단결근 주장과 해고 의사표시의 존부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 청구를 기각하고, 소송비용은 근로자가 부담함.
- 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정이 적법하다고 판단함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 침대제조업을 운영하는 사업주이고, 참가인은 방글라데시 국적의 외국인 근로자로 2014. 2. 12. 원고 회사에 입사하여 생산직으로 근무함.
- 참가인은 2014. 8. 13. 근로자로부터 부당해고를 당했다고 주장하며 경기지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 하였으나 기각됨.
- 참가인은 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였고, 중앙노동위원회는 2015. 2. 10. 근로자가 참가인을 구두로 해고하였고 해고사유가 부존재한다는 이유로 신청을 인용함.
- 근로자는 2013. 12. 26. 외국인근로자 고용허가를 받고 참가인과 2014. 2. 12.부터 2017. 2. 11.까지 근로계약을 체결함.
- 근로자의 부 D이 회사를 실질적으로 운영하였고, 참가인은 2014. 9. 4. D의 폭행을 주장하며 진정을 제기하였으나 혐의없음 처분됨.
- 참가인은 2014. 8. 13. 오전까지 근무 후 오후부터 근무하지 않음.
- 참가인은 2014. 8. 13. 이후에도 회사 기숙사에 머물렀고, 2014. 8. 18. 동료 근로자와의 다툼 후 짐을 싸서 나갔다가 2014. 8. 22. 회사로 돌아옴.
- D은 2014. 8. 22. 중부지방고용노동청 의정부지청에 참가인에 대해 '이탈' 사유로 외국인근로자 고용변동 신고를 하였고, 참가인에게 출근을 독려한 바 없음.
- D은 2014. 8. 22. 참가인에게 회사 및 기숙사에서 나갈 것을 요구하였고, 참가인이 응하지 않자 경찰을 불러 퇴거시킴.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고의 존부
- 법리: 해고는 실제 사업장에서 불리는 명칭이나 절차와 관계없이 근로자의 의사에 반하여 사용자의 일방적 의사에 의하여 이루어지는 모든 근로계약관계의 종료를 의미함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 참가인은 2014. 8. 13. D이 "너네 나라로 가라"고 소리치며 해고를 통보했다고 일관되게 주장하며, 이 진술에 신빙성이 있다고 판단함.
- 근로자는 참가인이 무단결근했다고 주장하나, 외국인 근로자의 사업장 변경 제한 및 무단이탈 시 불이익 등을 고려할 때 참가인이 무단결근할 이유가 없다고 판단함.
- 근로자는 참가인이 기숙사에 머물렀음에도 출근을 독려하지 않고, 5일 경과 후 고용변동 신고를 하며 퇴거를 종용하고 경찰까지 불러 퇴거시킨 점 등을 종합할 때, 근로자에게 참가인과의 근로관계를 종료시키려는 확실한 의사가 있었다고 봄.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8: \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc874\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \uc18c\uc1a1\ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n- \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc774 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uce68\ub300\uc81c\uc870\uc5c5\uc744 \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc8fc\uc774\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \ubc29\uae00\ub77c\ub370\uc2dc \uad6d\uc801\uc758 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c 2014. 2. 12. \uc6d0\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc785\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \uc0dd\uc0b0\uc9c1\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 8. 13. \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub97c \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2015. 2. 10. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \uad6c\ub450\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\uace0 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ubd80\uc874\uc7ac\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2013. 12. 26. \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uace0\uc6a9\ud5c8\uac00\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc 2014. 2. 12.\ubd80\ud130 2017. 2. 11.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ubd80 D\uc774 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 9. 4. D\uc758 \ud3ed\ud589\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \uc9c4\uc815\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c \ucc98\ubd84\ub428.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 8. 13. \uc624\uc804\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ubb34 \ud6c4 \uc624\ud6c4\ubd80\ud130 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 8. 13. \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud68c\uc0ac \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub800\uace0, 2014. 8. 18. \ub3d9\ub8cc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640\uc758 \ub2e4\ud23c \ud6c4 \uc9d0\uc744 \uc2f8\uc11c \ub098\uac14\ub2e4\uac00 2014. 8. 22. \ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c \ub3cc\uc544\uc634.\n- D\uc740 2014. 8. 22. \uc911\ubd80\uc9c0\ubc29\uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\uccad \uc758\uc815\ubd80\uc9c0\uccad\uc5d0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 '\uc774\ud0c8' \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uace0\uc6a9\ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ucd9c\uadfc\uc744 \ub3c5\ub824\ud55c \ubc14 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- D\uc740 2014. 8. 22. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud68c\uc0ac \ubc0f \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uac08 \uac83\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uc751\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc790 \uacbd\ucc30\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec \ud1f4\uac70\uc2dc\ud0b4.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd88\ub9ac\ub294 \uba85\uce6d\uc774\ub098 \uc808\ucc28\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2014. 8. 13. D\uc774 \"\ub108\ub124 \ub098\ub77c\ub85c \uac00\ub77c\"\uace0 \uc18c\ub9ac\uce58\uba70 \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc77c\uad00\ub418\uac8c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70, \uc774 \uc9c4\uc220\uc5d0 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub098, \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc81c\ud55c \ubc0f \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8 \uc2dc \ubd88\uc774\uc775 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\ud560 \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \uae30\uc219\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uba38\ubb3c\ub800\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc744 \ub3c5\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, 5\uc77c \uacbd\uacfc \ud6c4 \uace0\uc6a9\ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc2e0\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uba70 \ud1f4\uac70\ub97c \uc885\uc6a9\ud558\uace0 \uacbd\ucc30\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubd88\ub7ec \ud1f4\uac70\uc2dc\ud0a8 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub824\ub294 \ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 2014. 8. 13. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ub098\uac00\ub77c\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc758 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub97c \ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\ub85c\uc11c \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2011. 3. 24. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub2e492148 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ucd9c\uc785\uad6d\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc81c18\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d (\ucde8\uc5c5\ud65c\ub3d9\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\ub958\uc790\uaca9\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 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\uc788\ub2e4.)\n- \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95 \uc81c25\uc870 (\uc678\uad6d\uc778\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uacc4\uc18d\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uac8c \ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.)\n- \uc678\uad6d\uc778\uace0\uc6a9\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c30\uc870\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc801\ubc95 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2014. 8. 13. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \uad6c\ub450\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uba74\uc11c \uc5b4\ub5a0\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\ub3c4 \ubc1d\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub3c4 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d(\uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud574\uace0 \uae08\uc9c0) \ubc0f \uc81c27\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34)\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ub418\uc5b4 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0, \ud734\uc9c1, \uc815\uc9c1, \uc804\uc9c1, \uac10\ubd09, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc9d5\ubc8c\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.)\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870 (\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.)\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud56d\ubcc0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4, \uc2e4\uc81c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud589\uc704\uc640 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669(\uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc758 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0 \ub4f1)\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\ubd80\uc640 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc774 \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ubb34\ub2e8\uc774\ud0c8 \uc2dc \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc774 \ud06c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub97c \ud30c\uc545\ud558\uace0\ub3c4 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc744 \ub3c5\ub824\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0, \uace0\uc6a9\ubcc0\ub3d9 \uc2e0\uace0 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uac70 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud55c \ud589\uc704\uac00 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub428.\n- \ud574\uace0 \uc2dc \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc900\uc218\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc778\uc815\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \ud310\uacb0\uc784."}
- 따라서 근로자가 2014. 8. 13. 참가인에게 나가라는 취지의 통보를 한 것은 사용자의 일방적 의사표시에 의한 근로관계 종료로서 해고에 해당한다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2011. 3. 24. 선고 2010다92148 판결
- 출입국관리법 제18조 제2항 (취업활동을 할 수 있는 체류자격을 가진 외국인은 지정된 근무처가 아닌 곳에서 근무하여서는 아니 된다.)
- 출입국관리법 제21조 (근무처를 변경하려면 미리 법무부장관의 허가를 받아야 하며 근무처의 변경허가를 받지 아니한 경우에는 누구든지 해당 외국인을 고용할 수 없다.)
- 출입국관리법 제46조 제1항 제8호 (외국인이 지정된 근무처가 아닌 곳에서 근무하거나 허가를 받지 아니하고 근무처를 변경한 경우에는 강제퇴거를 지시할 수 있다.)
- 외국인고용법 제25조 (외국인근로자의 책임 있는 사유로 사업장에서의 근로를 계속할 수 없게 된 경우에는 사업장 변경신청을 할 수 없다.)
- 외국인고용법 시행령 제30조
해고의 적법 여부
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자는 2014. 8. 13. 참가인을 구두로 해고하면서 어떠한 사유도 밝히지 않았고, 참가인을 해고할 만한 정당한 이유도 없다고 판단함.
- 따라서 해당 해고는 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(정당한 이유 없는 해고 금지) 및 제27조(해고사유 서면 통지 의무)에 위배되어 위법하다고 판단