서울행정법원 | 2021-02-05 | 2020구합61218
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
부당해고 구제신청 사건: 해고의 존재 여부 및 구제이익 판단
결과 요약
- 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정은 위법하므로 취소됨.
- B의 부당해고 구제신청 중 원직복직 부분은 구제이익이 소멸하였고, 근로자의 해고가 존재하지 않는다고 판단됨.
사실관계
- 근로자는 2006. 11. 30.부터 주유소를 운영함.
- 근로자는 2019. 6. 1. B와 2019. 12. 31.까지의 근로계약을 체결하였고, B는 주유원으로 근무함.
- 2019. 6. 12. 근로자는 B에게 급여 지급을 위해 E은행 계좌를 요청하였고, B는 다음 날부터 출근하지 않음.
- B는 2019. 7. 22. 근로자의 2019. 6. 12.자 해고가 부당하다며 경기지방노동위원회에 구제신청을 함.
- 경기지방노동위원회는 2019. 11. 28. 근로자가 B에게 해고사유와 시기를 서면 통지하지 않아 부당해고라고 판정함.
- 근로자는 이에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 재심신청을 하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2020. 2. 24. 근로자의 재심신청을 기각함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
구제이익의 존재 여부
- 법리: 근로자가 부당해고 구제신청을 하여 해고의 효력을 다투던 중 정년에 이르거나 근로계약기간이 만료하는 등의 사유로 원직에 복직하는 것이 불가능하게 된 경우에도 해고기간 중의 임금 상당액을 지급받을 필요가 있다면 임금 상당액 지급의 구제명령을 받을 이익이 유지되므로 구제신청을 기각한 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정을 다툴 소의 이익이 있음. 근로자의 구제이익 유무는 처분시인 재심판정 당시를 기준으로 판단해야 함.
- 판단: 해당 재심판정 당시 B는 근로계약기간이 만료하여 원직 복직이 불가능한 상태였으므로, 임금 상당액 지급 구제명령 부분에 대해서만 구제이익이 유지되고 원직복직 구제명령 부분은 구제이익이 소멸함. 중앙노동위원회가 원직복직 명령 부분을 취소하지 않고 재심신청을 전부 기각한 것은 위법함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2020. 2. 20. 선고 2019두52386 전원합의체 판결
- 대법원 2004. 1. 15. 선고 2003두11247 판결
해고의 존재 여부
- 법리: 해고는 근로자의 의사에 반하는 사용자의 일방적인 의사표시에 따라 이루어지는 모든 근로계약 관계의 종료를 의미함.
- 판단: 근로자가 B에게 E은행 계좌를 요구하였으나 B가 제출하지 않은 사정만으로는 근로자가 해고의 의사표시를 했다고 보기 어려움. B가 동료들에게 해고되었다는 말을 하지 않았고, 원고 측과 주고받은 문자메시지에서도 해고 언급이 없었음. B는 E은행 계좌를 보유하고 있었음에도 의도적으로 제출하지 않았을 가능성이 있으며, 근로자의 임금 미지급은 임금체불 문제이지 근로관계 종료 의사표시와 직결되는 문제로 보기 어려움. 따라서 B에 대한 해고의 존재를 인정할 수 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 중앙노동위원회가 2020. 2. 24. 원고와 B 사이의 C 부당해고 구제 재심신청 사건에 관하여 한 재심판정을 취소한다. 2. 소송비용은 피고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \uc0ac\uac74: \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775 \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ucde8\uc18c\ub428.\n- B\uc758 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \uc911 \uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc18c\uba78\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2006. 11. 30.\ubd80\ud130 \uc8fc\uc720\uc18c\ub97c \uc6b4\uc601\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 6. 1. B\uc640 2019. 12. 31.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc600\uace0, B\ub294 \uc8fc\uc720\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- 2019. 6. 12. \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 B\uc5d0\uac8c \uae09\uc5ec \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uc704\ud574 E\uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc600\uace0, B\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- B\ub294 2019. 7. 22. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 2019. 6. 12.\uc790 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uba70 \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2019. 11. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 B\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\uc815\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ubd88\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2020. 2. 24. \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \ud558\uc5ec \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc744 \ub2e4\ud22c\ub358 \uc911 \uc815\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uac70\ub098 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc774 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uc6d0\uc9c1\uc5d0 \ubcf5\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ud574\uace0\uae30\uac04 \uc911\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc744 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \uc9c0\uae09\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud55c \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ud234 \uc18c\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc788\uc74c. \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775 \uc720\ubb34\ub294 \ucc98\ubd84\uc2dc\uc778 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \ub2f9\uc2dc\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815 \ub2f9\uc2dc B\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc774 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uc9c1 \ubcf5\uc9c1\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uc0c1\ud0dc\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc784\uae08 \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561 \uc9c0\uae09 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574\uc11c\ub9cc \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\uace0 \uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839 \ubd80\ubd84\uc740 \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc18c\uba78\ud568. \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1 \uba85\ub839 \ubd80\ubd84\uc744 \ucde8\uc18c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc7ac\uc2ec\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc804\ubd80 \uae30\uac01\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2020. 2. 20. \uc120\uace0 2019\ub45052386 \uc804\uc6d0\ud569\uc758\uccb4 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 1. 15. \uc120\uace0 2003\ub45011247 \ud310\uacb0\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ubc18\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 B\uc5d0\uac8c E\uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 B\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. B\uac00 \ub3d9\ub8cc\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \ub9d0\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0 \uce21\uacfc \uc8fc\uace0\ubc1b\uc740 \ubb38\uc790\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud574\uace0 \uc5b8\uae09\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc74c. B\ub294 E\uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c\ub97c \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc740 \uc784\uae08\uccb4\ubd88 \ubb38\uc81c\uc774\uc9c0 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc640 \uc9c1\uacb0\ub418\ub294 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c B\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2005. 6. 10. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub45010548 \ud310\uacb0\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- B\ub294 2019. 6. 12. \ub3d9\ub8cc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c '\uc624\ub298\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc77c\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4'\uace0 \ub9d0\ud558\uace0 \uac1c\uc778 \uc758\uc790\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \ud1f4\uadfc\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0 \uce21\uc740 2019. 6. 20. B\uc5d0\uac8c E\uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c\ubc88\ud638\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc790\uba54\uc2dc\uc9c0\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0c8\uc73c\ub098, B\ub294 J\uc740\ud589 \ud1b5\uc7a5 \uc0ac\uc9c4\uc744 \ubcf4\ub0c4.\n- B\ub294 2019. 7. 22. \uc911\ubd80\uc9c0\ubc29\uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\uccad \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\uccad\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc784\uae08\uccb4\ubd88\ub85c \uc9c4\uc815\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 10. 18. B\uc758 \uc784\uae08 395,094\uc6d0\uc744 \uacf5\ud0c1\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\uccad\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uac80\ucc30\uc5d0 \uc1a1\uce58\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 12. 17. B\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc73c\ub85c \ubc8c\uae08 300,000\uc6d0\uc758 \uc57d\uc2dd\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- B\ub294 \ubc95\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c '\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc8fc\uc720\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c E\uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc81c\ubcf4\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ucde8\uc5c5\ud588\ub2e4'\uace0 \uc9c4\uc220\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c **\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc2dc \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc758 \ubc94\uc704**\uc640 **\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900**\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc740\ud589 \uacc4\uc88c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uace0 \ucd9c\uadfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc0ac\uc548\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc758 \ucc45\uc784 \uc18c\uc7ac\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uba85\uc2dc\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc**\uc640 **\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801 \ud1f4\uc0ac \uc5ec\ubd80**\ub97c \uba74\ubc00\ud788 \uac80\ud1a0\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uc784\uae08\uccb4\ubd88\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\ub294 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc5ec, \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc774 \uace7 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud568."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2005. 6. 10. 선고 2004두10548 판결
참고사실
- B는 2019. 6. 12. 동료 근로자에게 '오늘까지 일하게 되었다'고 말하고 개인 의자를 가지고 퇴근함.
- 원고 측은 2019. 6. 20. B에게 E은행 계좌번호를 요청하는 문자메시지를 보냈으나, B는 J은행 통장 사진을 보냄.
- B는 2019. 7. 22. 중부지방고용노동청 경기지청에 근로자를 임금체불로 진정함.
- 근로자는 2019. 10. 18. B의 임금 395,094원을 공탁하였으나, 경기지청은 근로자를 검찰에 송치함.
- 근로자는 2019. 12. 17. B에 대한 임금 미지급으로 벌금 300,000원의 약식명령을 받음.
- B는 법정에서 '해당 사안 주유소에서 E은행 계좌만 사용한다는 제보를 확인하기 위해 취업했다'고 진술함.
검토
- 본 판결은 부당해고 구제신청 사건에서 근로계약기간 만료 시 구제이익의 범위와 해고의 존재 여부를 판단하는 기준을 명확히 제시함.
- 특히, 근로자가 특정 은행 계좌 제출을 거부하고 출근하지 않은 사안에서, 사용자의 일방적인 해고 의사표시가 없었다면 해고로 볼 수 없다는 점을 강조함.