광주지방법원 | 2023-05-11 | 2023고정154
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
임금 삭감 기간의 평균임금 산정 제외 및 퇴직금 미지급의 특별한 사정 부존재
결과 요약
- 피고인에게 근로기준법 위반(근로계약서 미교부) 및 근로자퇴직급여보장법 위반(퇴직금 미지급) 혐의를 인정하여 벌금 100만 원을 선고함.
사실관계
- 피고인은 광주 광산구 소재 C 학원의 대표로서 상시근로자 8명을 사용하는 사용자임.
- 피고인은 근로자 D의 월 급여를 2018. 5. 11. 180만 원에서 190만 원으로, 2019. 5. 11. 190만 원에서 200만 원으로, 2020. 7. 11. 200만 원에서 160만 원으로 각 변경하였음에도 D에게 임금에 관한 사항이 명시된 서면을 교부하지 아니함.
- 근로자 D는 2015. 9. 3.부터 2020. 12. 30.까지 근무 후 퇴직하였으나, 피고인은 퇴직금 10,545,837원 중 9,612,503원을 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니함.
- 피고인은 2020. 7. 11.부터 2020. 12. 30.까지 코로나19로 인한 학원 경영 악화로 강사들이 자진하여 월급의 20%를 감액하는 것에 동의하여 월 160만 원을 지급받았다고 주장함.
- 피고인은 퇴직금 액수에 대한 합의가 이루어지지 않아 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 퇴직금을 지급하지 못한 것에 특별한 사정이 있었다고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
1. 임금 삭감 기간의 평균임금 산정 포함 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 평균임금은 사유 발생일 이전 3개월간 지급된 임금 총액을 총일수로 나눈 금액을 원칙으로 함. 다만, 근로자의 통상적인 생활임금을 사실대로 반영하지 못하거나 가혹한 결과를 초래할 수 있는 예외적인 경우, 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 산정하여야 함. 근로기준법 시행령 제2조 제1항은 평균임금 산정기간에서 제외되는 경우를 규정하고 있음.
- 판단:
- 2020. 7. 11.부터 2020. 12. 30.까지의 임금 감액은 코로나19라는 특수 상황에서 경영 악화로 인한 고통 분담 차원의 한시적인 합의로, 근로자에게 책임이 있는 경우에 해당하지 않음.
- 해당 기간의 월 급여액은 피해 근로자의 전체 근무 기간 및 해당 기간의 월 급여 액수에 비추어 현저히 적은 금액임.
- 임금 감액 합의에 퇴직금 감액 합의까지 포함된 것으로 보기 어려움.
- 따라서 위 임금 삭감 기간은 평균임금 산정기간에서 제외하는 것이 근로기준법의 취지에 부합함.
- 피고인의 삭감된 월 160만 원을 평균임금으로 하여 퇴직금을 산정해야 한다는 주장은 받아들이지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인을 벌금 100만 원에 처한다. 피고인이 위 벌금을 납입하지 아니할 경우 10만 원을 1일로 환산한 기간 피고인을 노역장에 유치한다. 위 벌금 상당액의 가납을 명한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uc784\uae08 \uc0ad\uac10 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uc81c\uc678 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc758 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815 \ubd80\uc874\uc7ac\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18(\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \ubbf8\uad50\ubd80) \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec\ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc704\ubc18(\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09) \ud610\uc758\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ubc8c\uae08 100\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uad11\uc8fc \uad11\uc0b0\uad6c \uc18c\uc7ac C \ud559\uc6d0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c1\uc2dc\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 8\uba85\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 D\uc758 \uc6d4 \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c 2018. 5. 11. 180\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c 190\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c, 2019. 5. 11. 190\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c 200\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c, 2020. 7. 11. 200\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c 160\ub9cc \uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uac01 \ubcc0\uacbd\ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 D\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc774 \uba85\uc2dc\ub41c \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 D\ub294 2015. 9. 3.\ubd80\ud130 2020. 12. 30.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uadfc\ubb34 \ud6c4 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 10,545,837\uc6d0 \uc911 9,612,503\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc77c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2020. 7. 11.\ubd80\ud130 2020. 12. 30.\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucf54\ub85c\ub09819\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ud559\uc6d0 \uacbd\uc601 \uc545\ud654\ub85c \uac15\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc790\uc9c4\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d4\uae09\uc758 20%\ub97c 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\ud568.\n### 2. \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09\uc0ac\uc720 \ubc1c\uc0dd\uc77c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uac04 \ud569\uc758\ub85c \uc9c0\uae09\uae30\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ud6c4 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc815\uc0b0 \ubb38\uc790\ub97c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc790, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \"\ud559\uc6d0 \uc5c5\uacc4 \uad00\ud589\uc0c1 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc740 \ub530\ub85c \uc5c6\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc624\ub798 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc168\uace0, \uc544\uc26c\uc6b4 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc5d0 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc2e0 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\uc54a\uc740 \uc810\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c9\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uae09\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \ub0a0\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \ud569\uc758\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc9c0\uae09\uae30\uc77c\uc744 \uc5f0\uc7a5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\"\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 D\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08 \ubcc0\uacbd\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc11c\uba74\uc744 \uad50\ubd80\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 D\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 10,545,837\uc6d0 \uc911 9,612,503\uc6d0\uc744 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc77c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 14\uc77c \uc774\ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2021. 10.\uacbd\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\ub7ec\uc11c\uc57c \ucd5c\uc885 \uc794\uc561\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 **\ucf54\ub85c\ub09819\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ud2b9\uc218\ud55c \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uacbd\uc601 \uc545\ud654\ub97c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud55c \uc784\uae08 \uac10\uc561 \ud569\uc758\uac00 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uc2dc \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08 \uc0b0\uc815 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0\uc11c \uc81c\uc678\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568**\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud1b5\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc0dd\ud65c\uc784\uae08 \ubcf4\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, **\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c '\ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815'\uc740 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc561\uc218\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub2e4\ud23c\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\uc0ac \ubc0f \ud569\uc758 \ub178\ub825 \ub4f1 \uc81c\ubc18 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568**\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uc784\uae08 \ubcc0\uacbd \uc2dc \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc870\uac74\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uad50\ubd80\ud574\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc740 \ubc95\uc815 \uae30\ud55c \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uae09\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568."}
- 근로기준법 제2조 제6호: "'평균임금'이란 이를 산정하여야 할 사유가 발생한 날 이전 3월간에 그 근로자에 대하여 지급된 임금의 총액을 그 기간의 총일수로 나눈 금액을 말한다. 근로자가 취업한 후 3개월 미만인 경우도 이에 준한다."
- 근로기준법 제2조 제2항: "제1항 제1호에 따라 산출된 금액이 그 근로자의 통상임금보다 적으면 그 통상임금액을 평균임금으로 한다."
- 근로기준법 시행령 제2조 제1항: 평균임금 산정기간에서 제외되는 기간 규정.
- 대법원 2009. 5. 28. 선고 2006다17287 판결: 근로자의 퇴직을 즈음한 일정 기간 특수하고 우연한 사정으로 임금액 변동이 있었고, 그 때문에 산정된 평균임금이 통상의 경우보다 현저하게 적거나 많게 산정된 예외적인 경우, 합리적이고 타당한 다른 방법으로 평균임금을 산정하여야 함.
2. 퇴직금 미지급에 특별한 사정이 있었는지 여부
- 법리: 사용자는 근로자가 퇴직한 경우 그 지급사유 발생일로부터 14일 이내에 퇴직금을 지급하여야 함. 다만, 특별한 사정이 있는 경우 당사자 간 합의로 지급기일을 연장할 수 있음.
- 판단:
- 피해 근로자가 퇴직 후 퇴직금 정산 문자를 보내자, 피고인은 "학원 업계 관행상 퇴직금 지급은 따로 없지만 오래 근무하셨고, 아쉬운 마음에 근무하신 날 계산한 금액에 퇴직금 개념으로 백 만원 정도 함께 지급해드렸습니다. 마음은 더