서울행정법원 | 2023-08-18 | 2021구합59755
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로자의 사직 의사표시가 강요에 의한 해고에 해당하는지 여부
결과 요약
- 근로자의 근로계약 종료가 합의해지가 아닌 실질적 해고에 해당하며, 그 해고에 정당성이 없다고 판단한 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정은 적법하다고 판시하며 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 제주 말산업 발전을 위해 설립된 단체로, 2019. 5. 1.부터 2022. 4. 30.까지 축산진흥원으로부터 F 센터를 수탁받아 운영함.
- 참가인은 2019. 11.경부터 근로자와 근로계약을 체결하고 해당 사안 센터에서 근무함.
- 원고 대표 G와 사무국장 H의 갈등이 지속되던 중, G는 2020. 5. 14. H과 참가인을 폭행하였고, 2020. 5. 19. 참가인을 포함한 근로자 9명 전원에게 해고를 통보함(1차 해고).
- 근로자들의 구제신청 후 G가 재발방지서약서를 작성하며 구제신청이 취하되었으나, 이후 H과 참가인 등은 징계 및 해고를 당함.
- 2020. 8. 3. 참가인 복귀 후 근로자는 보안서약서 서명을 요구하고, 남성 직원들이 여자화장실을 사용하며 참가인에게 불이익을 줌.
- 2020. 8. 5. 회의 중 참가인이 '그만두겠다'고 발언하였고, 근로자는 참가인의 퇴직일을 2020. 7. 말경으로 처리함.
- 참가인은 2020. 8. 10. 제주지방노동위원회에 해당 사안 발언이 진의 아닌 의사표시 또는 강요에 의한 것이라며 구제를 신청하였으나 기각됨.
- 중앙노동위원회는 2021. 2. 10. 해당 사안 발언이 근로자의 사직 압박에 따른 것으로 실질이 해고에 해당한다고 보아 구제신청을 인용함(해당 재심판정).
- G는 H과 참가인을 폭행한 혐의로 징역형의 집행유예를 선고받았고, 참가인과 H은 G를 상대로 손해배상 소송을 제기하여 일부 승소함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로자의 사직 의사표시가 강요에 의한 해고에 해당하는지 여부
- 사용자가 사직의 의사 없는 근로자로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 제출하게 한 후 이를 수리하는 의원면직은 실질적으로 사용자의 일방적인 의사에 의한 해고에 해당함.
- 의원면직이 실질적으로 해고에 해당하는지는 근로자가 사직서를 제출하게 된 경위, 사직서 내용, 회사의 관행, 사용자의 퇴직 권유 또는 종용의 방법, 강도 및 횟수, 사직서를 제출하지 않을 경우 예상되는 불이익의 정도, 사직서 제출에 따른 경제적 이익 제공 여부, 사직서 제출 전후 근로자의 태도 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단해야 함.
- 원고 대표 G의 폭행 및 1차 해고 전력, 재발방지서약서 불이행, 동료 근로자들에 대한 부당 해고 및 징계, 남성 직원들의 여자화장실 사용 및 직장 내 성희롱 판단, 보안서약서 강요 등 유무형의 압박과 불이익이 지속된 상황에서 참가인이 해고라는 불이익을 당할 것이라고 인식할 수밖에 없었을 것으로 보임.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
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H\uacfc \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud3ed\ud589\ud558\uc600\uace0, 2020. 5. 19. \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 9\uba85 \uc804\uc6d0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud1b5\ubcf4\ud568(1\ucc28 \ud574\uace0).\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \ud6c4 G\uac00 \uc7ac\ubc1c\ubc29\uc9c0\uc11c\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uba70 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc774 \ucde8\ud558\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ub098, \uc774\ud6c4 H\uacfc \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ub4f1\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ub2f9\ud568.\n- 2020. 8. 3. \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \ubcf5\uadc0 \ud6c4 \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ubcf4\uc548\uc11c\uc57d\uc11c \uc11c\uba85\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uace0, \ub0a8\uc131 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc5ec\uc790\ud654\uc7a5\uc2e4\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uba70 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc90c.\n- 2020. 8. 5. \ud68c\uc758 \uc911 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 '\uadf8\ub9cc\ub450\uaca0\ub2e4'\uace0 \ubc1c\uc5b8\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc77c\uc744 2020. 7. \ub9d0\uacbd\uc73c\ub85c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud568.\n- \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 2020. 8. 10. \uc81c\uc8fc\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc5d0 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc774 \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \ub610\ub294 \uac15\uc694\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uba70 \uad6c\uc81c\ub97c \uc2e0\uccad\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n- \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 2021. 2. 10. \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc555\ubc15\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc774 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud568(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815).\n- G\ub294 H\uacfc \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud3ed\ud589\ud55c \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uc9d5\uc5ed\ud615\uc758 \uc9d1\ud589\uc720\uc608\ub97c 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\uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc720\uc9c0\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c, \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud55c \uc911\uc559\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc744 \ub2e4\ud234 \uc18c\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0 \uad6c\uc81c\uc2e0\uccad \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774\ubbf8 \uc815\ub144\uc5d0 \uc774\ub974\uac70\ub098 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc, \ud3d0\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uc758 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc744 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc18c\uba78\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc(2022. 4. 30.) \uc804\uc778 2021. 2. 10. \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc774 \ubcf5\uc9c1\ud560 \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud574\uace0 \uc774\ud6c4 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uc2dc\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc0ac\uc815\ubcc0\uacbd\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud569\ub2f9\ud55c \uc77c\uc744 \uc2dc\ud0ac \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c **\uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n- \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 '\ud574\uace0\uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uc784\uae08\uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561'\uc758 \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uba85\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc\uc77c\uc778 2022. 4. 30.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uba74 \ub418\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, **\uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc774 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2004. 1. 15. 2003\ub45011247 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2020. 2. 20. \uc120\uace0 2019\ub45052386 \uc804\uc6d0\ud569\uc758\uccb4 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2022. 5. 12. \uc120\uace0 2020\ub45035592 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2022. 7. 14. \uc120\uace0 2020\ub45054852 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uac15\uc694\ub098 \uc555\ubc15\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \ubcf4\uc544 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc758 \ud310\ub840\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud3ed\ud589, \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4, \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ub4f1 **\ubcf5\ud569\uc801\uc778 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uacfc \uc555\ubc15\uc774 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc778 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uc694\uc18c**\uc784\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uad6c\uc81c\uc774\uc775 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc\uc810\uacfc \uc6d0\uc9c1\ubcf5\uc9c1\uc758 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac \uad6c\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc911\uc810\uc744 \ub450\uc5b4, **\ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ubcf5\uc9c1\ud560 \uc7a5\uc18c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc81c\uba85\ub839\uc774 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870**\ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uc744 \uc885\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc555\ubc15\ud558\ub294 \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uac00 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uac04\uc758 \uad50\uc12d\ub825 \ucc28\uc774\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \uace0\ub824**\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 참가인의 '그만두겠다'는 발언은 강박 내지 강요에 의한 것이며 진의라고 보기 어려우므로, 해당 근로계약 종료의 실질은 해고에 해당한다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2017. 2. 3. 선고 2016다255910 판결
구제이익의 존부 및 원직복직의 가능성
- 근로자의 구제이익 유무는 처분 시인 재심판정 당시를 기준으로 판단해야 함.
- 근로자가 부당해고 구제신청을 하여 해고의 효력을 다투던 중 정년에 이르거나 근로계약기간이 만료하는 등의 사유로 원직에 복직하는 것이 불가능하게 된 경우에도 해고기간 중의 임금 상당액을 지급받을 필요가 있다면 임금 상당액 지급의 구제명령을 받을 이익이 유지되므로, 구제신청을 기각한 중앙노동위원회의 재심판정을 다툴 소의 이익이 있음.
- 다만, 부당해고 구제신청 당시 이미 정년에 이르거나 근로계약기간 만료, 폐업 등의 사유로 근로계약관계가 종료하여 근로자의 지위에서 벗어난 경우에는 노동위원회의 구제명령을 받을 이익이 소멸함.
- 해당 근로계약 기간 만료(2022. 4. 30.) 전인 2021. 2. 10. 재심판정이 있었으므로 참가인에게 구제이익이 인정됨.
- 근로자의 주장과 같이 참가인이 복직할 장소가