울산지방법원 | 2019-12-12 | 2018가합26587
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
아파트 관리사무소장 해고 무효 확인 및 임금 청구 사건
결과 요약
- 피고 주식회사 C가 근로자에 대하여 한 2018. 6. 28.자 해고는 무효임을 확인하고, 피고 주식회사 C는 근로자에게 10,840,666원을 지급함.
- 근로자의 피고 B아파트 입주자대표회의에 대한 청구 및 피고 주식회사 C에 대한 나머지 청구를 각 기각함.
사실관계
- 피고 입주자대표회의는 B아파트 관리·운영을 위한 비법인사단임.
- 피고 회사는 공동주택 관리업 등을 목적으로 설립된 법인임.
- 피고 입주자대표회의는 2017. 7. 7. 피고 회사와 아파트 공용부분 유지·보수 및 안전관리 등 업무 위·수탁계약을 체결함.
- 피고 회사는 2018. 2. 28. 근로자와 근로계약을 체결하고, 근로자는 2017. 12. 15.부터 해당 사안 아파트 관리사무소장으로 근무함.
- 피고 입주자대표회의는 2018. 6.경 경비용역계약을 수의계약으로 체결하려 했고, 근로자에게 날인을 요구했으나, 근로자는 공개입찰을 요구하며 거부함.
- 이에 피고 입주자대표회의는 2018. 6. 28. 피고 회사에 원고 교체를 요청했고, 피고 회사는 근로자를 권고사직 처리함.
- 근로자는 2018. 6. 29.부터 근무하지 않음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로계약상 사용자의 지위
- 법리: 공동주택 관리업무 위·수탁계약에 따라 관리사무소장을 배치한 경우, 관리사무소장의 사용자 지위는 근로계약의 당사자, 임금 지급 주체, 업무 지휘·감독권, 인사권 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 피고 회사가 피고 입주자대표회의와 위·수탁계약을 체결하고 근로자와 근로계약을 체결하여 근로자를 관리사무소장으로 배치함.
- 관리비 등에 인건비가 포함되어 관리사무소에서 근로자에게 임금을 직접 지급한 것으로 보일 뿐, 피고 입주자대표회의가 직접 임금을 지급한 것으로 보기 어려움.
- 근로자는 피고 회사의 대행인으로서 공동주택관리법상 입주자대표회의의 의결사항을 집행하는 업무를 하므로, 입주자대표회의가 근로자에게 업무를 통보했더라도 구체적·개별적으로 지휘·감독한 것으로 보기 어려움.
- 근로자에 대한 임명, 징계, 배치 등 인사권은 피고 회사가 최종적으로 보유함.
- 따라서 피고 회사가 해당 근로계약에 따라 근로자의 사용자라고 봄이 상당함.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 피고 주식회사 C가 원고에 대하여 한 2018. 6. 28.자 해고는 무효임을 확인한다. 2. 피고 주식회사 C는 원고에게 10,840,666원을 지급하라. 3. 원고의 피고 B아파트 입주자대표회의에 대한 청구 및 피고 주식회사 C에 대한 나머지 청구를 각 기각한다. 4. 소송비용 중 원고와 피고 B아파트 입주자대표회의 사이에 생긴 부분은 원고가, 원고와 피고 주식회사 C 사이에 생긴 부분의 2/5는 원고가, 나머지는 피고 주식회사 C가 각 부담한다. 5. 제2항은 가집행할 수 있다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5 \ud574\uace0 \ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08 \uccad\uad6c \uc0ac\uac74\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac C\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ud55c 2018. 6. 28.\uc790 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uace0, \ud53c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac C\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c 10,840,666\uc6d0\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud53c\uace0 B\uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uccad\uad6c \ubc0f \ud53c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac C\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \uccad\uad6c\ub97c \uac01 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\ub294 B\uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uad00\ub9ac\u00b7\uc6b4\uc601\uc744 \uc704\ud55c \ube44\ubc95\uc778\uc0ac\ub2e8\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd \uad00\ub9ac\uc5c5 \ub4f1\uc744 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \ubc95\uc778\uc784.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\ub294 2017. 7. 7. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uacf5\uc6a9\ubd80\ubd84 \uc720\uc9c0\u00b7\ubcf4\uc218 \ubc0f \uc548\uc804\uad00\ub9ac \ub4f1 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc704\u00b7\uc218\ud0c1\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 2018. 2. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 12. 15.\ubd80\ud130 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\ub294 2018. 6.\uacbd \uacbd\ube44\uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc218\uc758\uacc4\uc57d\uc73c\ub85c \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\ub824 \ud588\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub0a0\uc778\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacf5\uac1c\uc785\ucc30\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud558\uba70 \uac70\ubd80\ud568.\n- \uc774\uc5d0 \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\ub294 2018. 6. 28. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uc6d0\uace0 \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud588\uace0, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uad8c\uace0\uc0ac\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 6. 29.\ubd80\ud130 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc0c1 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd \uad00\ub9ac\uc5c5\ubb34 \uc704\u00b7\uc218\ud0c1\uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\uce58\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \uc9c0\uc704\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790, \uc784\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc8fc\uccb4, \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uad8c, \uc778\uc0ac\uad8c \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\uc640 \uc704\u00b7\uc218\ud0c1\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \ubc30\uce58\ud568.\n- \uad00\ub9ac\ube44 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc778\uac74\ube44\uac00 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc9c0\uae09\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc77c \ubfd0, \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 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\uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\uac00 \uacbd\ube44\uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0 \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud558\uc790, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc694\uccad\uc758 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131 \uac80\ud1a0\ub098 \uc804\ubcf4 \uc870\uce58 \uc5c6\uc774 \uace7\ubc14\ub85c \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uad8c\uace0\uc0ac\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud568.\n- **\ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 2018. 6. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568.**\n- \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \ubc0f \uc2dc\ud589\ub839\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uacbd\ube44\uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uacf5\uac1c\uacbd\uc7c1\uc785\ucc30 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uccb4\uacb0\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc5d0\ub3c4, \ud53c\uace0 \uc785\uc8fc\uc790\ub300\ud45c\ud68c\uc758\ub294 \uc218\uc758\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \ucd94\uc9c4\ud558\uba70 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub0a0\uc778\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud588\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\ubd80\ud558\uc790 \uad50\uccb4\ub97c \uc694\uccad\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc704 \uc694\uccad\uc758 \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, **\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 **\uc808\ucc28\uc801 \ud558\uc790\ub3c4 \uc788\uc74c.**\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c **\ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 2018. 6. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870 (\ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0)**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \uadf8 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- **\uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc81c25\uc870 (\uad00\ub9ac\uc8fc\uccb4\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34)**\n- **\uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c25\uc870 \uc81c3\ud56d (\uad00\ub9ac\uc8fc\uccb4\uc758 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub4f1)**: \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uad00\ub9ac\ubc95 \uc81c25\uc870\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uad00\ub9ac\uc8fc\uccb4\uac00 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc8fc\ud0dd\uc758 \uc6a9\uc5ed\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \uacf5\uac1c\uacbd\uc7c1\uc785\ucc30 \ubc29\uc2dd\uc73c\ub85c \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n### \ud574\uace0 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc784\uae08 \uccad\uad6c\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ubd80\ub2f9 \ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc784\uae08\uc740 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc740 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc18c\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c. \uc5f0\ucc28\uc218\ub2f9\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 \ubc0f \uac1c\uadfc \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 2018. 6. 28. \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc704\ubc95\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uace0\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc55e\uc11c \ubcf8 \ubc14\uc640 \uac19\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 3\uac1c\uc6d4 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc740 \uc6d4 3,535,000\uc6d0\uc784.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2018. 10. 1. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ub978 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \uad00\ub9ac\uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc131\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0c8\ub86d\uac8c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 2018. 10. 1. \ud574\uc18c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\ub358 \uae30\uac04\uc778 2018. 6. 29.\ubd80\ud130 2018. 9. 30.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc784\uae08 10,840,666\uc6d0(= 3,535,000\uc6d0 \u00d7 (3 + 2/30))\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc758\ubb34\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud574\uace0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uadfc\ubb34\uae30\uac04\uc774 1\ub144 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c60\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c 1\uac1c\uc6d4 \uac1c\uadfc \uc2dc 1\uc77c\uc758 \uc720\uae09\ud734\uac00\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568. \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\ud558\uc600\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc784\uae08\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5f0\ucc28\uc218\ub2f9 \ubc0f \uba85\uc808, \uc5ec\ub984\ud734\uac00\ube44 \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c60\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d (\uc5f0\ucc28 \uc720\uae09\ud734\uac00)**: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc774 1\ub144 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c 1\uac1c\uc6d4 \uac1c\uadfc \uc2dc 1\uc77c\uc758 \uc720\uae09\ud734\uac00\ub97c \uc8fc\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4."}
해고의 유효성 (해고의 존재 및 정당성)
- 법리: 근로관계 종료가 합의에 의한 것인지, 사용자의 해고에 의한 것인지는 제반 사정을 종합하여 판단하며, 해고는 정당한 사유가 있어야 하고, 근로기준법 제27조에 따라 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지해야 효력이 있음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 근로자가 실업급여 요건 충족을 위해 2018. 6.말까지 근무를 요청했고 피고들이 이를 받아들였으나, 이것만으로 근로관계가 합의 종료되었다고 보기 어려움.
- 피고 입주자대표회의가 경비용역계약 문제로 원고 교체를 요청하자, 피고 회사는 요청의 타당성 검토나 전보 조치 없이 곧바로 근로자를 권고사직 처리함.
- 피고 회사는 2018. 6. 28. 근로자를 해고하였다고 봄이 상당함.
- 공동주택관리법 및 시행령에 따라 경비용역계약은 공개경쟁입찰 방식으로 체결해야 함에도, 피고 입주자대표회의는 수의계약을 추진하며 근로자에게 날인을 요구했고, 근로자가 이를 거부하자 교체를 요청함.
- 피고 회사는 위 요청의 타당성을 검토하지 않고 근로자를 해고하였으므로, 해고의 정당한 사유가 없음.
- 피고 회사는 근로자에게 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하지 않아 절차적 하자도 있음.
- 따라서 피고 회사가 2018. 6. 28. 근로자를 해고한 것은 무효임.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로기준법 제27조 (해고의 서면 통지): 사용자가 근로자를 해고하려면 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하여야 그 해고의 효력이 있다.
- 공동주택관리법 제25조 (관리주체의 업무)
- 공동주택관리법 시행령 제25조 제3