서울고등법원 | 2021-05-26 | 2020누52599
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로복지공단 직원의 허위 증명원 발급 및 정보 무단 열람·유출 행위에 대한 해임 처분 정당성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 허위 증명원 발급 및 정보 무단 열람·유출 행위는 징계사유로 인정되며, 이에 대한 해임 처분은 재량권 일탈·남용에 해당하지 않아 적법함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 근로복지공단 직원으로, 2016. 11. 4.부터 2018. 8. 14.까지 친분이 있는 K사의 대표 L의 부탁을 받고 K사의 체납보험료가 있음에도 완납증명원 13회, 가입증명원 5회를 허위로 발급함.
- 근로자는 2016. 9. 2.부터 2017. 5. 25.까지 자신의 업무와 무관한 11명의 산재근로자 정보(그중 2명은 질병판정위원회 심의결과 포함) 및 4개 사업장 정보를 무단으로 열람하고 직무관련자들에게 유출함.
- K사는 근로자가 발급한 허위 증명원을 이용하여 관급공사 대금을 수령함.
- 근로자는 사문서위조 및 위조사문서행사 혐의로 기소되어 사문서위조죄 유죄 판결(벌금 300만원)을 받았으며, 위조사문서행사죄는 무죄 판결을 받음.
- 근로복지공단 감사실은 유사 사례 감사 결과, 원고와 같은 비위행위는 확인되지 않았다고 판단함.
- 근로자는 해임 이전 징계 전력이 없으며, 3회 표창을 수상한 경력이 있음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
징계사유의 인정 여부
- 가입·완납증명원 허위 발급:
- 근로자는 K사의 체납보험료가 있음을 알면서도 사실과 달리 체납액이 없음을 증명하는 가입·완납증명원을 발급하거나 타 직원에게 발급하게 함.
- 이는 민원 처리에 관한 규정 제4조, 복무규정 제3조, 윤리규정 제14조 제1항, 임직원행동강령 제12조 등 관련 규정을 위반한 것으로 판단됨.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자가 K의 체납보험료가 있음을 알면서도 허위의 가입·완납증명원을 발급한 사실이 인정되며, 이는 특정인에게 특혜를 준 행위로 징계사유에 해당함.
- 정보 무단 열람 및 유출:
- 근로자는 자신의 업무와 무관한 산재근로자 11명의 정보, 그중 2명에 대한 질병판정위원회의 심의결과 및 4개 사업장 정보를 무단으로 열람한 후 직무관련자들에게 제공하여 유출함.
- 이는 개인정보 보호규정 제4조 제6항, 제8조 제1항, 제25조, 민원 처리에 관한 규정 제4조, 복무규정 제8조, 윤리규정 제14조 제1항, 임직원행동강령 제29조 등 관련 규정을 위반한 것으로 판단됨.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자가 업무와 무관한 정보를 무단 열람하고 직무관련자들에게 유출한 사실이 인정되며, 이는 징계사유에 해당함. (단, AS 사업장 정보 유출 징계사유는 인정되지 않음)
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 제1심판결을 취소한다. 2. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송 총비용은 보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 원고가 부담한다.
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\uacf5\uc0ac\ub300\uae08\uc744 \uc218\ub839\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \uacf5\uacf5\uc758 \uac70\ub798\uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ubb38\ub780\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uace0 \uacf5\uacf5\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc911\ub300\ud55c \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc784. \uc815\ubcf4 \ubb34\ub2e8 \uc5f4\ub78c \ubc0f \uc720\ucd9c \ub610\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud558\uace0 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc704\uacc4\uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ubb38\ub780\ud558\uac8c \ud560 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc774 \ud07c.\n- **\uace0\uc758\uc131:** \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc57d 30\ub144\uac04 \uadfc\ubb34\ud558\uba70 \uac00\uc785\u00b7\uc644\ub0a9\uc99d\uba85\uc6d0 \ubc1c\uae09 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc5d0 \uc775\uc219\ud588\uace0, \uccb4\ub0a9 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc99d\uba85\uc6d0 \ubc1c\uae09 \ubd88\uac00 \ud31d\uc5c5\ucc3d\uc744 \uc778\uc9c0\ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 L\uc758 \ubd80\ud0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \ud5c8\uc704 \uc99d\uba85\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1c\uae09\ud55c \uc810, K \uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \ubd84\ud560 \ub0a9\ubd80\ub97c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uc99d\uba85\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1c\uae09\ud55c \uc801\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c \uace0\uc758\uc131\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- **\ubd80\uc815\uccad\ud0c1 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80:** \uac00\uc785\u00b7\uc644\ub0a9\uc99d\uba85\uc6d0 \ubc1c\uae09 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub294 \uccad\ud0c1\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c5\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1\ud638 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 \ubd80\uc815\uccad\ud0c1 \ub300\uc0c1 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098, \ub3d9 \uc870\ud56d\uc5d0 \uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ubd80\uc815\uccad\ud0c1\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc9c1\ubb34\ub97c \uc218\ud589\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815 \uae30\uc900 '\uc131\uc2e4\uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18' \uc911 '\uae30\ud0c0' \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- **\uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\ub840\uc640\uc758 \ucc28\uc774:** \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uac10\uc0ac\uc2e4\uc758 \uc870\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc, \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \uac19\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc9c0\uc0ac \uad00\ud560 \ud2b9\uc815 \uc5c5\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ud61c\ub97c \uc8fc\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc758\ub3c4\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub7c9\uc758 \ud5c8\uc704 \uc99d\uba85\uc6d0\uc744 \ubc1c\uae09\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\ub294 \ud655\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc544 \ub2e4\ub978 \uacbd\uc9d5\uacc4 \uc9c1\uc6d0\ub4e4\uacfc \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uacf5\uc801 \uc131\uaca9 \ubc0f \uc2e0\ub8b0 \ud6fc\uc190:** \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc740 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uad00\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \ubcf4\ud638 \ubc0f \uacf5\uc801 \uc2e0\ub8b0 \uc720\uc9c0\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub97c \ud06c\uac8c \ud6fc\uc190\ud560 \uc704\ud5d8\uc131\uc774 \uc788\uc74c.\n- **\uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815 \uae30\uc900 \ubc0f \uac10\uacbd \uc0ac\uc720 \uace0\ub824:** \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub294 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc2dc\ud589\uc138\uce59 [\ubcc4\ud45c 8]\uc758 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc720\ud615\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ubcf4\ud1b5\uc778\uc0ac\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ube44\uc704\uc758 \ub3c4\uac00 \uc911\ud558\uace0 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \ud45c\ucc3d \uc218\uc0c1 \uacbd\ub825 \ub4f1\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud30c\uba74 \ub300\uc2e0 \ud574\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uacb0\ud588\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \ucc38\uc791\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- **\uacfc\uac70 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uc0ac\ub840\uc640\uc758 \ud615\ud3c9\uc131:** \uc720\uc0ac\ud55c \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub85c \ud574\uc784 \ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ubc1b\uc740 \uacfc\uac70 \uc0ac\ub840\ub4e4\uacfc \ube44\uad50\ud560 \ub54c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uc784 \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uac00\ud639\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- **\uacb0\ub860:** AS \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5 \uc815\ubcf4 \ubb34\ub2e8 \uc5f4\ub78c\u00b7\uc720\ucd9c \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub294 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub098, \ub098\uba38\uc9c0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uba70, \uc704 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ub294 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub3c4 \ud574\uc784 \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ud604\uc800\ud558\uac8c \ud0c0\ub2f9\uc131\uc744 \uc783\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc9d5\uacc4\uad8c\uc790\uc758 \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9\uc740 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- **\ud589\uc815\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d**\n- **\ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c420\uc870 \ubcf8\ubb38**\n- **\uac74\uc124\uc0b0\uc5c5\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95 \uc81c22\uc870 \uc81c7\ud56d, \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c26\uc870\uc7582 \uc81c1, 2, 3\ud56d**\n- **\uace0\uc6a9\ubcf4\ud5d8 \ubc0f \uc0b0\uc5c5\uc7ac\ud574\ubcf4\uc0c1\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc758 \ubcf4\ud5d8\ub8cc\uc9d5\uc218 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c12\uc870, \uac19\uc740 \ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c9\uc870**\n- **\uad6d\uac00\uacc4\uc57d\ubc95 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c73\uc870**\n- **\uc9c0\ubc29\uc790\uce58\ub2e8\uccb4\ub97c \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc2dc\ud589\ub839 \uc81c89\uc870**\n- **\uccad\ud0c1\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c5\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1\ud638, \uc81c6\uc870**\n- **\uacf5\uc778\ub178\ubb34\uc0ac\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc81c1, 2\ud56d, \uc81c27\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c1, 2, 4\ud638**\n- **\uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1\uc9c8\ubcd1\ud310\uc815\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c \uc6b4\uc601\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c33\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \ubbfc\uc6d0 \ucc98\ub9ac\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c1, 7, 8\ud56d, \uc81c9\uc870, \uc81c10\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d, \uc81c28\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c31\uc870, \uc81c17\uc870**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \ubcf5\ubb34\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c3\uc870, \uc81c8\uc870**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \uc724\ub9ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c14\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \uc784\uc9c1\uc6d0\ud589\ub3d9\uac15\ub839 \uc81c12\uc870, \uc81c14\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d, \uc81c29\uc870**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc2dc\ud589\uc138\uce59 \uc81c76\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d [\ubcc4\ud45c 8]**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \uacf5\ub2e8\uc801\uc6a9 \ubc0f \ubd80\uacfc\uc5c5\ubb34 \ucc98\ub9ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c147\uc870**\n- **\uadfc\ub85c\ubcf5\uc9c0\uacf5\ub2e8 \uc694\uc591\uc5c5\ubb34\ucc98\ub9ac\uaddc\uc815 \uc81c7\uc870\uc7582**\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34\uc0c1 \uc758\ubb34 \uc704\ubc18, \ud2b9\ud788 \ud5c8\uc704 \ubb38\uc11c \ubc1c\uae09 \ubc0f \uac1c\uc778\uc815\ubcf4 \uc720\ucd9c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \uc9d5\uacc4\uac00 \uc815\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840\uc784.\n- \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc0c1 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uac00 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uba70, \uc9c1\ubb34 \uad00\ub828 \uc815\ubcf4\ub97c \uc0ac\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ud2b9\uc815\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud2b9\ud61c\ub97c \uc8fc\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uacf5\uc815\uc131\uacfc \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uc744 \ud574\uce58\ubbc0\ub85c \uc5c4\uc911\ud55c \ucc98\ubc8c\uc774 \ubd88\uac00\ud53c\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc804\uc0b0 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uae30\uc220\uc801 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \ud5c8\uc704 \uc99d\uba85\uc6d0 \ubc1c\uae09\uc744 \uc815\ub2f9\ud654\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uacfc, \ubbfc\uc6d0 \uc548\ub0b4\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ubc97\uc5b4\ub09c \uc815\ubcf4 \uc81c\uacf5\uc740 \ud5c8\uc6a9\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc758 \uc9c1\ubb34 \uc218\ud589 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \uc9d5\uacc4\uc591\uc815 \ud310\ub2e8 \uc2dc \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uc131, \ubc18\ubcf5\uc131, \uc911\ub300\uc131, \uae30\uad00\uc758 \uacf5\uc801 \uc131\uaca9 \ubc0f \ub0b4\ubd80 \uc9c8\uc11c \uc720\uc9c0\uc758 \ud544\uc694\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uc7ac\ub7c9\uad8c \uc77c\ud0c8\u00b7\ub0a8\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uc810\uc740 \ud5a5\ud6c4 \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc758 \uc9d5\uacc4 \uae30\uc900 \uc124\uc815\uc5d0 \ucc38\uace0\uac00 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c."}
징계양정의 적정 여부 (재량권 일탈·남용 여부)
- 법리: 징계처분은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨져 있으므로, 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 재량권을 남용하였다고 인정되는 경우에만 위법함. 해고처분은 사회통념상 고용관계를 계속할 수 없을 정도로 근로자에게 책임 있는 사유가 있는 경우에 정당성이 인정됨. 여러 징계사유 중 일부가 인정되지 않더라도 인정되는 다른 일부 징계사유만으로 징계처분의 타당성을 인정하기에 충분하면 위법하지 않음.
- 대법원 2002. 8. 23. 선고 2000다60890, 60906 판결
- 대법원 2017. 3. 15. 선고 2013두26750 판결
- 대법원 1995. 4. 25. 선고 94누13053 판결
- 대법원 2014. 11. 27. 선고 2011다41420 판결
- 대법원 2019. 11. 28. 선고 2017두57318 판결
- 법원의 판단:
- 비위행위의 중대성: 근로자의 허위 증명원 발급은 장기간 반복적으로 이루어졌고, K사가 이를 이용하여 공사대금을 수령하는 등 공공의 거래질서를 문란하게 하고 공공의 신뢰를 훼손할 수 있는 중대한 비위행위임. 정보 무단 열람 및 유출 또한 개인정보 보호 의무를 위반하고 참가인의 내부 위계질서를 문란하게 할 위험성이 큼.
- 고의성: 근로자는 약 30년간 근무하며 가입·완납증