대구지방법원 | 2022-01-20 | 2021가합201683
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
비등기이사 임용계약 갱신 거절의 효력 및 해고무효확인 청구의 적법성
결과 요약
- 근로자의 해고무효확인 청구는 확인의 이익이 없어 각하하고, 임금 청구는 이유 없어 기각함.
사실관계
- 해당 회사는 각종 밸브 및 부품 제조·판매업을 영위하는 회사임.
- 근로자는 2016. 12. 8. 해당 회사에 생산기술 담당 부장으로 입사하여 2019. 2. 25. 비등기이사로 임용됨.
- 근로자는 2016. 12. 8.부터 2019. 1. 1.까지 4회에 걸쳐 연봉근로계약을 체결하였고, 2019. 2. 25.부터 2021. 2. 24.까지 계약기간으로 하는 임용계약을 체결함.
- 해당 회사의 비등기이사 운용규정은 일반이사가 임기 만료 시 퇴직 처리하고, 면직 사유 해당 시 이사회 결의를 거쳐 해임할 수 있다고 규정함.
- 2020. 11. 3. 해당 회사 직원 C이 원고로부터 직장 내 성희롱을 당했다며 고용노동청에 진정을 제기함.
- 고용노동청은 근로자의 직장 내 성희롱을 인정하고 해당 회사에 과태료를 부과함.
- 해당 회사는 2021. 2. 19. 근로자에게 임용계약 기간 만료에 따른 계약 해지 및 갱신 거절을 통보함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
이 사건 임용계약 체결로 이전과 다른 새로운 근로관계가 성립되었는지 여부
- 법리: 근로관계의 계속성 판단은 취업규칙, 퇴직 절차, 새로운 계약 내용 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함. 특히 임원의 경우 일반 직원과 업무의 독자적 성격, 급여체계, 근무관계 등이 다름을 고려하여야 함.
- 판단:
- 해당 회사의 취업규칙상 임원은 근로자에서 제외되고, 임원으로 승진한 경우 근로관계 종료 사유에 해당함.
- 근로자는 비등기이사 승진 시 퇴직 절차를 거쳐 퇴직금을 지급받았고, 기존 연봉근로계약과 완전히 다른 내용의 임용계약을 새로 체결함.
- 이는 원고와 해당 회사가 기존 근로관계를 종료하고 새로운 근로관계를 창설하려는 객관적인 의사를 표시한 것으로 봄이 타당함.
- 비등기이사는 회사의 경영성과와 직결되는 주요 업무를 수행하며, 일반 직원과 다른 재량과 권한, 인사평가, 보수 등 처우가 적용됨.
- 따라서 이 사건 임용계약 체결 이후 이전과 다른 새로운 근로관계가 성립되었다고 봄이 타당하며, 근로자의 근로계약 갱신기대권, 근무기간 등은 이 사건 임용계약 체결 시점인 2019. 2. 25.부터 새로이 성립한 근로관계를 기준으로 판단되어야 함.
근로자에게 갱신기대권이 인정되는지 여부
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
대구지방법원 제11민사부 판결
사건: 2021가합201683 해고무효확인 원고: A 소송대리인 법무법인 도율 담당변호사 김도현 피고: B 주식회사 소송대리인 법무법인 진앤김 담당변호사 최의곤 변론종결: 2021. 11. 25. 판결선고: 2022. 1. 20.
1. 이 사건 소 중 해고무효확인청구 부분을 각하한다. 2. 원고의 나머지 청구를 기각한다. 3. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
1. 기초사실 가. 당사자의 지위 1) 피고(이하 '피고 회사'라 한다)는 상시 근로자 약 200명을 고용하여 각종 밸브 및 기타 부품, 자동차용 부품 등의 제조·판매업 등을 영위하는 회사이다. 2) 원고는 2016. 12. 8. 피고 회사에 생산기술 담당 부장으로 입사하여, 2017. 4.경부터 생산2본부장으로, 2019. 2. 25.부터 비등기이사로 각 근무하다가, 2021. 2. 19. 피고 회사로부터 '임용계약 해지 통지서'를 받은 사람이다. 나. 이 사건 각 연봉계약 및 이 사건 임용계약 1) 이 사건 각 연봉계약 원고는 2016. 12. 8.부터 2019. 1. 1.까지 피고 회사와 사이에, 그 직종을 '사무
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2016. 12. 8.\ubd80\ud130 2019. 1. 1.\uae4c\uc9c0 4\ud68c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc5f0\ubd09\uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud558\uc600\uace0, 2019. 2. 25.\ubd80\ud130 2021. 2. 24.\uae4c\uc9c0 \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \ud558\ub294 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \ube44\ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uc6b4\uc6a9\uaddc\uc815\uc740 \uc77c\ubc18\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \uc784\uae30 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc2dc \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\uace0, \uba74\uc9c1 \uc0ac\uc720 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc2dc \uc774\uc0ac\ud68c \uacb0\uc758\ub97c \uac70\uccd0 \ud574\uc784\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ud568.\n- 2020. 11. 3. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc9c1\uc6d0 C\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc744 \ub2f9\ud588\ub2e4\uba70 \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\uccad\uc5d0 \uc9c4\uc815\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud568.\n- \uace0\uc6a9\ub178\ub3d9\uccad\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc9c1\uc7a5 \ub0b4 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\ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2021. 10. 28. \uc120\uace0 2021\ub45045114 \ud310\uacb0: \uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uac31\uc2e0\uac70\uc808\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc640 \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc885\ub8cc\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc640\ub294 \uad6c\ubcc4\ub418\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uace0, \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ub098 \uae30\ub300 \uc5ed\uc2dc \ub3d9\uc77c\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud3c9\uac00\ud560 \uc218\ub294 \uc5c6\ub2e4.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \ubc0f \ube44\ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac \uc6b4\uc601\uaddc\uc815\uc5d0\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc2dc \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uc694\uac74 \ubc0f \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uc784\uae30 \ub9cc\ub8cc \uc2dc \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ucc98\ub9ac\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uaddc\uc815\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \ud6c4 \ud55c \ucc28\ub840\ub3c4 \uc5f0\uc784\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ube44\ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\uc758 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uac31\uc2e0\ud558\ub294 \uad00\ud589\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uac70\ub098 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uac31\uc2e0\uc744 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc815\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc790\ub8cc\uac00 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n### \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \u300c\uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960\u300d(\uc774\ud558 '\uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95') \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadf8 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ubd04.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c1\ud638: \"\uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\"\ub77c \ud568\uc740 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d(\uc774\ud558 '\uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d'\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4)\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ubcf8\ubb38: \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc704 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c(\uae30\uac04\uc81c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ubc18\ubcf5\uac31\uc2e0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\ud55c \ucd1d\uae30\uac04\uc774 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \ubc94\uc704 \uc548\uc5d0\uc11c) \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- \uae30\uac04\uc81c \ubc0f \ub2e8\uc2dc\uac04\uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d: \uc81c1\ud56d \ub2e8\uc11c\uc758 \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\uac70\ub098 \uc18c\uba78\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc5ec \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2019. 2. 25. \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc640 \uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04 2\ub144\uc758 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc81c\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uc774\ud6c4 \uae30\uc874 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uace0 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ub418\uc5c8\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uae30\uac04\uc740 2019. 2. 25.\ubd80\ud130 \uc0b0\uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34\uae30\uac04\uc740 2\ub144\uc744 \ucd08\uacfc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\uc758 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \uccad\uad6c\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uae30\uac04 \ub9cc\ub8cc\ub85c 2021. 2. 24. \uc885\ub8cc\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c. \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8 \uc885\ub8cc\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc6d0\ub798\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub098 \uc2e0\ubd84\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \uccad\uad6c\ub294 \ubd84\uc7c1 \ud574\uacb0\uc5d0 \uc720\ud6a8\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc801\uc808\ud55c \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc \ud655\uc778\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc774 \uc5c6\uc5b4 \ubd80\uc801\ubc95\ud568.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ube44\ub4f1\uae30\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c\uc758 \uc2b9\uc9c4 \ubc0f \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc784\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0\uc774 \uae30\uc874 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc\uc640 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c4\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec, \uae30\uac04\uc81c\ubc95\uc0c1 2\ub144 \ucd08\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638 \uaddc\uc815 \ubc0f \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \ubc95\ub9ac \uc801\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc784\uc6d0 \ub4f1 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc9c1\uc704\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc77c\ubc18 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc640\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc640\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131 \ubc0f \uac31\uc2e0\uae30\ub300\uad8c \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc2e0\uc911\uc744 \uae30\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \uae30\uc5c5\uc740 \uc784\uc6d0 \ub4f1 \ud2b9\uc218 \uc9c1\uc704\uc758 \uc784\uc6a9 \uc2dc \uae30\uc874 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc885\ub8cc \ubc0f \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uace0, \uacc4\uc57d \uac31\uc2e0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uae30\ub300\uad8c\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c \ubc0f \uad00\ub828 \uaddc\uc815\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud560 \ud544\uc694\uac00 \uc788\uc74c."}
- 법리: 기간을 정하여 근로계약을 체결한 근로자의 경우 기간 만료로 근로관계가 종료되는 것이 원칙임. 다만, 근로계약, 취업규칙, 단체협약 등에서 일정한 요건 충족 시 계약이 갱신된다는 규정이 있거나, 당사자 사이에 갱신에 대한 정당한 기대권이 형성된 경우에는 예외적으로 사용자의 갱신 거절이 효력이 없을 수 있음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2021. 10. 28. 선고 2021두45114 판결: 기간제 근로계약의 종료에 따른 사용자의 갱신거절은 근로자의 의사와 관계없이 사용자가 일방적으로 근로관계를 종료시키는 해고와는 구별되는 것이고, 근로관계의 지속에 대한 근로자의 신뢰나 기대 역시 동일하다고 평가할 수는 없다.
- 판단:
- 이 사건 임용계약 및 비등기이사 운영규정에는 계약 기간 만료 시 갱신에 관한 규정이나 구체적인 요건 및 절차에 관한 규정이 없음. 오히려 임기 만료 시 퇴직 처리한다고 규정되어 있음.
- 근로자는 이 사건 임용계약 체결 후 한 차례도 연임하지 못하였고, 해당 회사에 비등기이사의 임용계약을 갱신하는 관행이 있었다거나 근로자가 갱신을 신뢰할 만한 특별한 사정이 있었다고 볼 자료가 없음.
- 따라서 근로자에게 이 사건 임용계약 갱신에 관한 정당한 기대권이 인정되지 않음.
근로자가 기간의 정함이 없는 근로계약을 체결한 근로자인지 여부
- 법리: 「기간제 및 단시간근로자 보호 등에 관한 법률」(이하 '기간제법') 제4조 제2항에 따라, 사용자가 2년을 초과하여 기간