서울중앙지방법원 | 2016-10-14 | 2016노1686
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로자성, 계속 근로기간, 소멸시효, 퇴직금 지급 여부 관련 항소심 판단
결과 요약
- 피고인의 항소는 이유 없음으로 기각됨.
사실관계
- 피고인은 D의 대표이사로, E은 2006. 11. 23.부터 D의 대리운전 콜센터 상담원으로 근무함.
- E은 2006. 11. 23. 피고인과 근로계약서를 작성하고 시급 5,000원, 주 6일 근무 조건으로 일함.
- E은 피고인의 지시 및 감독을 받으며 근무했고, 매월 정기적으로 임금을 지급받았으며, 업무 대체성은 없었음.
- E은 2007. 1. 5. 이직 시 손해배상 조항이 추가된 근로계약서를 다시 작성함.
- 2011. 6. 1. E은 피고인과 "전문상담 프리랜서 계약서"를 작성했으나, 이 사건 미지급 퇴직금은 2006. 11. 23.부터 2011. 5. 31.까지의 근무 기간에 대한 것임.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
E의 근로자성 여부
- 법리: 근로기준법상 근로자 여부는 계약 형식보다 노무제공 관계의 실질에 따라 판단함. 종속적 관계 여부는 업무내용 지시, 지휘·감독, 근무시간 및 장소 지정, 비품 소유 여부, 이윤 창출 및 손실 부담 여부, 보수의 성격, 기본급·고정급 유무, 원천징수 여부, 계속성 및 전속성, 사회보장제도 인정 여부 등 경제적·사회적 조건을 종합적으로 고려함. 다만, 사용자가 경제적 우월 지위를 이용하여 임의로 정할 수 있는 사정(기본급, 원천징수, 사회보장제도)만으로 근로자성을 부정해서는 안 됨.
- 법원의 판단: E은 피고인의 지휘·감독을 받으며 근로자로서 상담원으로 근무한 사실이 충분히 인정됨. 제1심의 유죄 판단은 정당하며, 피고인의 사실오인 내지 법리오해 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결
E의 계속 근로기간 1년 미만 여부
- 법리: 근로자퇴직급여 보장법상 '계속근로기간'은 근로자가 신분상 직분과 관계없이 종업원으로 고용된 후 근로의 중단 없이 퇴직 또는 해고될 때까지의 근로 기간을 의미함. '계속'은 형식적인 단절이 있더라도 전체적인 관점에서 근로가 기본적인 동일성을 유지하며 이어져 내려오는 것으로, 실질적인 관점에서 판단해야 함. 적법한 근로계약기간이 정해진 경우에도 갱신 또는 반복된 근로계약 기간을 합산하여 계속 근로 여부와 연수를 판단하며, 일부 공백 기간이 있더라도 그 기간이 길지 않고 업무 성격에 기인하거나 대기·휴식 기간 등 상당한 이유가 있다면 근로관계의 계속성은 유지됨.
- 법원의 판단: 제1심에서 E의 근로계약이 중단 없이 계속되었다고 판단한 것은 정당하며, 피고인의 항소심 추가 자료만으로는 제1심 판단을 뒤집을 수 없음. 피고인의 주장은 이유 없음.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인의 항소를 기각한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131, \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04, \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8, \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc5ec\ubd80 \uad00\ub828 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\uac01\ub428.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 D\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c, E\uc740 2006. 11. 23.\ubd80\ud130 D\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc6b4\uc804 \ucf5c\uc13c\ud130 \uc0c1\ub2f4\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- E\uc740 2006. 11. 23. \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uacfc \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc2dc\uae09 5,000\uc6d0, \uc8fc 6\uc77c \uadfc\ubb34 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc77c\ud568.\n- E\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\uc2dc \ubc0f \uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uadfc\ubb34\ud588\uace0, \ub9e4\uc6d4 \uc815\uae30\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\uba70, \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub300\uccb4\uc131\uc740 \uc5c6\uc5c8\uc74c.\n- E\uc740 2007. 1. 5. \uc774\uc9c1 \uc2dc \uc190\ud574\ubc30\uc0c1 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \ucd94\uac00\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc791\uc131\ud568.\n- 2011. 6. 1. E\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uacfc \"\uc804\ubb38\uc0c1\ub2f4 \ud504\ub9ac\ub79c\uc11c \uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\"\ub97c \uc791\uc131\ud588\uc73c\ub098, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc740 2006. 11. 23.\ubd80\ud130 2011. 5. 31.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uadfc\ubb34 \uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac83\uc784.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### E\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub178\ubb34\uc81c\uacf5 \uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568. \uc885\uc18d\uc801 \uad00\uacc4 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub294 \uc5c5\ubb34\ub0b4\uc6a9 \uc9c0\uc2dc, \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5, \uadfc\ubb34\uc2dc\uac04 \ubc0f \uc7a5\uc18c \uc9c0\uc815, \ube44\ud488 \uc18c\uc720 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc774\uc724 \ucc3d\ucd9c \ubc0f \uc190\uc2e4 \ubd80\ub2f4 \uc5ec\ubd80, \ubcf4\uc218\uc758 \uc131\uaca9, \uae30\ubcf8\uae09\u00b7\uace0\uc815\uae09 \uc720\ubb34, \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uacc4\uc18d\uc131 \ubc0f \uc804\uc18d\uc131, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc778\uc815 \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801\u00b7\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uc870\uac74\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud568. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc6b0\uc6d4 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc784\uc758\ub85c \uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815(\uae30\ubcf8\uae09, \uc6d0\ucc9c\uc9d5\uc218, \uc0ac\ud68c\ubcf4\uc7a5\uc81c\ub3c4)\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ubd80\uc815\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub428.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: E\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc0c1\ub2f4\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \ucda9\ubd84\ud788 \uc778\uc815\ub428. \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc758 \uc720\uc8c4 \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc624\uc778 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubc95\ub9ac\uc624\ud574 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 12. 7. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e429736 \ud310\uacb0\n### E\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 1\ub144 \ubbf8\ub9cc \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95\uc0c1 '\uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04'\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc2e0\ubd84\uc0c1 \uc9c1\ubd84\uacfc \uad00\uacc4\uc5c6\uc774 \uc885\uc5c5\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uc6a9\ub41c \ud6c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc758 \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud1f4\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \ud574\uace0\ub420 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c \uae30\uac04\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud568. '\uacc4\uc18d'\uc740 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uc808\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc804\uccb4\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uadfc\ub85c\uac00 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba70 \uc774\uc5b4\uc838 \ub0b4\ub824\uc624\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \ud310\ub2e8\ud574\uc57c \ud568. \uc801\ubc95\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc815\ud574\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uac31\uc2e0 \ub610\ub294 \ubc18\ubcf5\ub41c \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \uae30\uac04\uc744 \ud569\uc0b0\ud558\uc5ec \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640 \uc5f0\uc218\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uba70, \uc77c\ubd80 \uacf5\ubc31 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadf8 \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uae38\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uc5c5\ubb34 \uc131\uaca9\uc5d0 \uae30\uc778\ud558\uac70\ub098 \ub300\uae30\u00b7\ud734\uc2dd \uae30\uac04 \ub4f1 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub2e4\uba74 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uc740 \uc720\uc9c0\ub428.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c E\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uc911\ub2e8 \uc5c6\uc774 \uacc4\uc18d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\uc2ec \ucd94\uac00 \uc790\ub8cc\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc81c1\uc2ec \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \ub4a4\uc9d1\uc744 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c4\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uae09\uc5ec\ub97c \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec\uc81c\ub3c4 \uc911 \ud558\ub098 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04\uc774 1\ub144 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790, 4\uc8fc\uac04\uc744 \ud3c9\uade0\ud558\uc5ec 1\uc8fc\uac04\uc758 \uc18c\uc815\uadfc\ub85c\uc2dc\uac04\uc774 15\uc2dc\uac04 \ubbf8\ub9cc\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec\ub294 \uadf8\ub7ec\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub2e4\"\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec \ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c8\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uacc4\uc18d\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 1\ub144\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec 30\uc77c\ubd84 \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0\uc784\uae08\uc744 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \ud1f4\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9c0\uae09\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \uc124\uc815\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\"\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1995. 7. 11. \uc120\uace0 93\ub2e426168 \uc804\uc6d0\ud569\uc758\uccb4 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 12. 7. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub2e429736 \ud310\uacb0\n### \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uccad\uad6c\uad8c \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8 \uc644\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc624\uc778\uc774\ub098 \ubc95\ub9ac\uc624\ud574\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**: \uc81c1\uc2ec\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc30\ucc99\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc740 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uba70, \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc624\uc778\uc774\ub098 \ubc95\ub9ac\uc624\ud574\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \ub178\ubb34\uc81c\uacf5 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc911\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud504\ub9ac\ub79c\uc11c \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uc5ec \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud55c \uc810\uc740, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uacbd\uc81c\uc801 \uc6b0\uc6d4 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc131\uc744 \ud68c\ud53c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubc95\uc6d0\uc774 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c.\n- \uacc4\uc18d \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uac04 \ud310\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub3c4 \ud615\uc2dd\uc801\uc778 \ub2e8\uc808\ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc694\ud558\uac8c \ubcf4\uc544, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc218\uae09\uad8c\uc744 \ud3ed\ub113\uac8c \uc778\uc815\ud558\ub824\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud568.\n- \uc18c\uba78\uc2dc\ud6a8 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubaa8\ub450 \ubc30\ucc99\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uad8c\ub9ac \ubcf4\ud638\uc5d0 \uc911\uc810\uc744 \ub454 \ud310\uacb0\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ub428."}
관련 판례 및 법령
- 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제4조 제1항: "사용자는 퇴직하는 근로자에게 급여를 지급하기 위하여 퇴직급여제도 중 하나 이상의 제도를 설정하여야 한다. 다만, 계속근로기간이 1년 미만인 근로자, 4주간을 평균하여 1주간의 소정근로시간이 15시간 미만인 근로자에 대하여는 그러하지 아니하다"
- 근로자퇴직급여 보장법 제8조 제1항: "퇴직금제도를 설정하고자 하는 사용자는 계속근로기간 1년에 대하여 30일분 이상의 평균임금을 퇴직금으로 퇴직하는 근로자에게 지급할 수 있는 제도를 설정하여야 한다"
- 대법원 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 전원합의체 판결
- 대법원 2006. 12. 7. 선고 2004다29736 판결
퇴직금청구권 소멸시효 완성 여부
- 법원의 판단: 제1심에서 피고인의 주장을 배척한 판단은 정당하며, 사실오인이나 법리오해의 위법이 없음. 피고인의 주장은 이유 없음.
퇴직금 이미 지급 여부
- 법원의 판단: 제1심에서 피고인의 주장을 배척한 판단은 정당하며, 사실오인이나 법리오해의 위법이 없음. 피고인의 주장은 이유 없음.
검토
- 본 판결은 근로자성 판단에 있어 계약의 형식보다는 실질적인 노무제공 관계를 중시하는 기존 대법원 판례의 입장을 재확인