서울행정법원 | 2014-01-16 | 2013구합13365
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
근로관계 종료 원인이 해고인지 사직인지 여부 및 해고의 효력
결과 요약
- 근로자의 부당해고구제 재심판정 취소 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 C고등학교를 운영하는 법인이고, 참가인은 2012. 6. 1. 근로자에게 고용되어 C고등학교 행정실장으로 근무하다가 같은 해 9. 1.부터 원고 법인의 사무과장으로 근무함.
- 참가인은 2012. 12. 1. 근로자가 자신을 부당하게 해고하였다고 주장하며 2012. 12. 3. 부산지방노동위원회에 부당해고구제 신청을 함.
- 근로자는 2012. 12. 4. 참가인에게 해고의사를 철회한다는 통지서를 송부함.
- 참가인은 2012. 12. 5. 원고 법인에 출근하였으나, 같은 달 14일 '근로자가 2012. 12. 6. 참가인에게 구두로 해고통보를 하였다'고 주장하며 부산지방노동위원회에 다시 부당해고구제 신청을 함.
- 부산지방노동위원회는 2013. 1. 14. 근로자가 참가인을 정당한 해고절차 없이 해고하였다고 보아 참가인의 신청을 받아들임.
- 근로자는 2013. 1. 30. 위 초심판정에 불복하여 중앙노동위원회에 부당해고구제 재심신청을 하였으나, 중앙노동위원회는 2013. 4. 19. 초심판정과 유사한 이유로 근로자의 신청을 받아들이지 아니함(이하 '해당 재심판정').
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로관계 종료 원인이 해고인지 사직 또는 합의해지인지 여부
- 해고란 실제 사업장에서 불리우는 명칭이나 그 절차에 관계 없이 근로자의 의사와는 무관하게 사용자측에서 일방적으로 근로관계를 종료시키는 것을 의미함.
- 부당해고구제 재심판정을 다투는 소송에서 해고의 정당성에 관한 증명책임은 이를 주장하는 자가 부담하며, 근로자가 참가인과의 근로관계 종료 원인이 해고가 아니라는 점을 증명하여야 함.
- 참가인이 근로자에게 사직의 의사를 표시하였다는 근로자의 주장에 대해, 증인 D, E의 증언은 신빙성이 없거나 근로자의 주장 사실을 증명하기에 부족함.
- 오히려 다음과 같은 사정들을 종합해 볼 때, 근로자가 참가인의 의사와 무관하게 일방적으로 참가인과의 근로관계를 종료시킨 것으로 판단됨.
- 참가인이 2012. 12. 3. 부당해고구제 신청을 하자 근로자가 해고의사 철회통지서를 송부한 점.
- 근로자는 2012. 12. 10. 4대보험 운영기관에 참가인에 대한 피보험자격상실신고서를 제출하였고, 위 신고서에 피보험자격상실일자를 '2012. 11. 24.'로, 구체적 상실사유를 '회사 업무수행 부적정'으로 기재한 점.
- 근로자는 초심판정 심리과정에서 참가인이 원고 법인 업무에 지장을 초래하여 고용계약서에 합의된 해고조건에 따라 해고한 것이므로 정당한 해고라고 주장한 점.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
서울행정법원 제13부 판결
사건: 2013구합13365 부당해고구제재심판정취소 원고: 학교법인 A학원 피고: 중앙노동위원회위원장 피고보조참가인: B 변론종결: 2013. 12. 5. 판결선고: 2014. 1. 16.
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 피고보조참가로 인한 부분을 포함하여 모두 원고가 부담한다.
1. 재심판정의 경위 가. 원고는 상시근로자 65명을 사용하여 중등교육을 실시하는 C고등학교를 설치 . 운영하는 법인이고, 참가인은 2012. 6. 1. 원고에게 고용되어 C고등학교 행정실장으로 근무하다가 같은 해 9. 1.부터 원고 법인의 사무과장으로 근무하던 사람이다. 나. 참가인은 원고가 2012. 12. 1. 참가인을 부당하게 해고하였다고 주장하며 2012. 12. 3. 부산지방노동위원회에 부당해고구제 신청을 하였다. 이에 원고는 2012. 12. 4. 참가인에게 참가인에 대한 해고의사를 철회한다는 내용의 해고의사 철회통지서를 송부하였다. 다. 참가인은 2012. 12. 5. 원고 법인에 출근하였으나, 같은 달
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\uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc0c1, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc778 \uc6d0\uace0\ub85c\uc11c\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\uc784.\n- **\ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ucc38\uac00\uc778 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc6d0\uc778\uc740 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \ub610\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \ud569\uc758\ud574\uc9c0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ud574\uace0\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uc544\uc57c \ud568.**\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 1993. 10. 26. \uc120\uace0 92\ub2e454210 \ud310\uacb0\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c23\uc870(\ud574\uace0 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc81c\ud55c) \u2460 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc774 \ud574\uace0, \ud734\uc9c1, \uc815\uc9c1, \uc804\uc9c1, \uac10\ubd09, \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc9d5\ubc8c(\u61f2\u7f70)(\uc774\ud558 \"\ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub4f1\"\uc774\ub77c \ud55c\ub2e4)\uc744 \ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870(\ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc11c\uba74\ud1b5\uc9c0) \u2460 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub97c \ud574\uace0\ud558\ub824\uba74 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4. \u2461 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc5d0 \ub530\ub77c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud1b5\uc9c0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4.\n### \ud574\uace0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc744 \ud574\uace0\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \uadf8 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc788\uc74c(\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c27\uc870).\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ucc38\uac00\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc640 \ud574\uace0\uc2dc\uae30\ub97c \uba85\uc2dc\ud55c \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc778\uc815\ub418\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc704 \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ud574\uace0\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\uc74c.**\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uc7ac\uc2ec\ud310\uc815\uc740 \uc801\ubc95\ud558\uace0, \uc774\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc804\uc81c\uc5d0 \uc120 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0\uc778\uc9c0, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \ub610\ub294 \ud569\uc758\ud574\uc9c0\uc778\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc81c\uc2dc\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uadfc\ub85c\uad00\uacc4 \uc885\ub8cc \uc6d0\uc778\uc774 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uba85\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc5c6\ub294 \ud55c \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \ud574\uace0\uc808\ucc28\ub97c \uc900\uc218\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc11c\uba74 \ud1b5\uc9c0 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\uc5ec, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc758 \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28 \uc900\uc218 \uc758\ubb34\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud55c\ubc88 \uc0c1\uae30\uc2dc\ud0b4."}
- 근로계약서에 해고사유가 기재되어 있더라도, 이는 해고사유를 정한 것에 불과하므로, 참가인이 사직의 의사를 표시하지 아니하는 이상, 사용자인 원고로서는 근로기준법상 해고절차에 따라 참가인을 해고할 수 있을 뿐임.
- 따라서 원고와 참가인 사이의 근로관계 종료 원인은 참가인의 사직 의사표시 또는 근로계약의 합의해지가 아니라, 근로자의 일방적인 근로관계 종료에 따른 해고라고 보아야 함.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 1993. 10. 26. 선고 92다54210 판결
- 근로기준법 제23조(해고 등의 제한)
① 사용자는 근로자에게 정당한 이유 없이 해고, 휴직, 정직, 전직, 감봉, 그 밖의 징벌(懲罰)(이하 "부당해고등"이라 한다)을 하지 못한다.
- 근로기준법 제27조(해고사유 등의 서면통지)
① 사용자는 근로자를 해고하려면 해고사유와 해고시기를 서면으로 통지하여야 한다.
② 근로자에 대한 해고는 제1항에 따라 서면으로 통지하여야 효력이 있다.
해고의 효력
- 근로자는 참가인을 해고함에 있어 해고사유와 해고시기를 명시한 서면으로 해고통지를 하여야 그 효력이 있음(근로기준법 제27조).
- 근로자는 참가인에게 해고사유와 해고시기를 명시한 서면으로 해고통지를 하지 아니한 사실이 인정되므로, 위 해고는 해고절차를 위반한 해고로서 그 효력이 없음.
-