수원지방법원 | 2016-10-28 | 2015고합553,2015고합620(병합)
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
회사의 실질적 운영자가 회사 자금을 개인 용도로 사용한 경우 업무상 횡령죄 성립 여부
결과 요약
- 피고인은 주식회사 J 및 주식회사 N의 실질적 운영자로서 업무상 보관하던 회사 자금을 개인적인 용도로 사용한 업무상 횡령죄로 징역 1년 6월에 집행유예 3년을 선고받음.
사실관계
- 피고인은 2009년경부터 2013. 11.경까지 화장품 및 염모제 제조·판매회사인 피해자 주식회사 J을 실질적으로 운영함.
- 2011. 1. 1.경부터 2012. 12. 31.경까지 전국 대리점주들로부터 제품 판매대금 2,851,601,165원을 회사 법인계좌가 아닌 피고인 개인 명의 또는 대표이사 K 개인 명의 계좌로 입금받아 업무상 보관함.
- 2012. 3. 11.부터 2012. 4. 13.까지 총 5회에 걸쳐 합계 541,000,000원을 개인 소유 아파트 매수 대금으로 임의 사용함.
- 피고인은 2013. 7. 1.경까지 피해자 주식회사 N의 사내이사로 근무 후 회장으로 근무함.
- 2014. 12. 11.경 해고 통지를 받자, 법인계좌에 업무상 보관하던 회사 자금 중 78,500,000원을 임의로 피고인 개인 계좌로 이체하여 채무 변제 및 병원비 등으로 소비함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
업무상 횡령죄의 성립 여부 (불법영득의사 및 가수금 채권 주장)
- 법리:
- 이른바 1인 회사라 하더라도 행위의 주체와 본인은 별개의 인격이며, 1인 회사의 주주가 회사 자금을 불법영득의 의사로 사용하였다면 횡령죄가 성립함.
- 불법영득의 의사로써 업무상 보관 중인 회사의 금전을 횡령하여 범죄가 성립한 이상 회사에 대하여 별도의 가수금 채권을 가지고 있다는 사정만으로 금전을 사용할 당시 이미 성립한 업무상 횡령죄에 영향을 미치지 않음 (대법원 2007. 6. 1. 선고 2005도5772 판결 참조).
- 업무상 횡령죄에서의 불법영득의 의사는 자기 또는 제3자의 이익을 꾀할 목적으로 업무상의 임무에 위배하여 보관하는 타인의 재물을 자기 소유인 경우와 같이 처분하는 의사를 말하며, 사후에 이를 반환하거나 변상, 보전하는 의사가 있다 하더라도 이를 인정하는 데 지장이 없음 (대법원 2012. 6. 14. 선고 2010도9871 판결 참조).
- 횡령의 범행을 한 자가 물건의 소유자에 대하여 별도의 금전채권을 가지고 있었다 하더라도 횡령 범행 전에 상계 정산하였다는 등 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그러한 사정만으로 이미 성립한 업무상 횡령죄에 영향을 미칠 수 없음 (대법원 2012. 6. 14. 선고 2010도9871 판결 참조).
- 피고인이 사용한 돈의 행방이나 사용처를 제대로 설명하지 못하거나, 주장하는 사용처에 사용된 자금이 다른 자금으로 충당된 것으로 드러나는 등 자료가 부족하고, 오히려 피고인이 개인적인 용도에 사용하였다는 신빙성 있는 자료가 많은 경우 불법영득의 의사로 횡령한 것으로 추단할 수 있음 (대법원 2002. 7. 26. 선고 2001도5459 판결 참조).
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
피고인을 징역 1년 6월에 처한다. 다만, 이 판결 확정일로부터 3년간 위 형의 집행을 유예한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uac1c\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4 \uc131\ub9bd \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac J \ubc0f \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac N\uc758 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\ub85c\uc11c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ubcf4\uad00\ud558\ub358 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\ub85c \uc9d5\uc5ed 1\ub144 6\uc6d4\uc5d0 \uc9d1\ud589\uc720\uc608 3\ub144\uc744 \uc120\uace0\ubc1b\uc74c.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2009\ub144\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 2013. 11.\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud654\uc7a5\ud488 \ubc0f \uc5fc\ubaa8\uc81c \uc81c\uc870\u00b7\ud310\ub9e4\ud68c\uc0ac\uc778 \ud53c\ud574\uc790 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac J\uc744 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc6b4\uc601\ud568.\n- 2011. 1. 1.\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 2012. 12. 31.\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc804\uad6d \ub300\ub9ac\uc810\uc8fc\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uc81c\ud488 \ud310\ub9e4\ub300\uae08 2,851,601,165\uc6d0\uc744 \ud68c\uc0ac \ubc95\uc778\uacc4\uc88c\uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \ud53c\uace0\uc778 \uac1c\uc778 \uba85\uc758 \ub610\ub294 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac K \uac1c\uc778 \uba85\uc758 \uacc4\uc88c\ub85c \uc785\uae08\ubc1b\uc544 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ubcf4\uad00\ud568.\n- 2012. 3. 11.\ubd80\ud130 2012. 4. 13.\uae4c\uc9c0 \ucd1d 5\ud68c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \ud569\uacc4 541,000,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uac1c\uc778 \uc18c\uc720 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 \ub9e4\uc218 \ub300\uae08\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uc758 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud568.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc740 2013. 7. 1.\uacbd\uae4c\uc9c0 \ud53c\ud574\uc790 \uc8fc\uc2dd\ud68c\uc0ac N\uc758 \uc0ac\ub0b4\uc774\uc0ac\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34 \ud6c4 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- 2014. 12. 11.\uacbd \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc790, \ubc95\uc778\uacc4\uc88c\uc5d0 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ubcf4\uad00\ud558\ub358 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08 \uc911 78,500,000\uc6d0\uc744 \uc784\uc758\ub85c \ud53c\uace0\uc778 \uac1c\uc778 \uacc4\uc88c\ub85c \uc774\uccb4\ud558\uc5ec \ucc44\ubb34 \ubcc0\uc81c \ubc0f \ubcd1\uc6d0\ube44 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc18c\ube44\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd \uc5ec\ubd80 (\ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758\uc0ac \ubc0f \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c \uc8fc\uc7a5)\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**:\n- \uc774\ub978\ubc14 1\uc778 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub77c \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc640 \ubcf8\uc778\uc740 \ubcc4\uac1c\uc758 \uc778\uaca9\uc774\uba70, 1\uc778 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc8fc\uc8fc\uac00 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uba74 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud568.\n- \ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub85c\uc368 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ubcf4\uad00 \uc911\uc778 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uae08\uc804\uc744 \ud6a1\ub839\ud558\uc5ec \ubc94\uc8c4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud55c \uc774\uc0c1 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec \ubcc4\ub3c4\uc758 \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uae08\uc804\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc774\ubbf8 \uc131\ub9bd\ud55c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c (\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2007. 6. 1. \uc120\uace0 2005\ub3c45772 \ud310\uacb0 \ucc38\uc870).\n- \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub294 \uc790\uae30 \ub610\ub294 \uc81c3\uc790\uc758 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uaf80\ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1\uc758 \uc784\ubb34\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc30\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf4\uad00\ud558\ub294 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\uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ub97c \ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \ubaa9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\uc785\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \ubaa8\uc21c\ub418\uba70, \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc0ac\uc815\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uac00 \uc131\ub9bd\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uac00\uc218\uae08 \uad00\ub828 \uae08\uc735\uac70\ub798\ub0b4\uc5ed \ub4f1\uc5d0\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ub0b4\uc5ed\uc774 \ub2e4\uc218 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uace0, \ud68c\uc0ac \uc7a5\ubd80\uc0c1 \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \uc815\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub3c4 \uc54a\uc544 \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ubcc0\uc81c \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n- N\uc758 \uc790\uae08 78,500,000\uc6d0 \uc778\ucd9c\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec, \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \ud574\uc784 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \ud6c4 \ud68c\uc0ac \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ubaa8\ub974\uac8c OTP \uce74\ub4dc\ub97c \ubc1b\uc544 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uc778\ucd9c\ud55c \uc810, \ud68c\uc0ac \ud1b5\uc7a5 \uc794\uc561\uc744 \uac70\uc758 \ub0a8\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud560 \ub54c \ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc778\uc815\ub428.\n- N\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c \uc8fc\uc7a5 \uc5ed\uc2dc J\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640 \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc5ec\uc9c0\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2007. 6. 1. \uc120\uace0 2005\ub3c45772 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2012. 6. 14. \uc120\uace0 2010\ub3c49871 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2002. 7. 26. \uc120\uace0 2001\ub3c45459 \ud310\uacb0\n- \ud2b9\uc815\uacbd\uc81c\ubc94\uc8c4 \uac00\uc911\ucc98\ubc8c \ub4f1\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubc95\ub960 \uc81c3\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c2\ud638\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c356\uc870 (\uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c355\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\ud6a1\ub839)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c37\uc870 \uc804\ub2e8 (\uacbd\ud569\ubc94)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c2\ud638 (\uacbd\ud569\ubc94)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c50\uc870 (\uacbd\ud569\ubc94)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c53\uc870 (\uc791\ub7c9\uac10\uacbd)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c55\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \uc81c3\ud638 (\uc791\ub7c9\uac10\uacbd)\n- \ud615\ubc95 \uc81c62\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d (\uc9d1\ud589\uc720\uc608)\n## \ucc38\uace0\uc0ac\uc2e4\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \ubd88\ub9ac\ud55c \uc815\uc0c1: \ud68c\uc7a5 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uac70\uc561\uc758 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08 \ud6a1\ub839, \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\uc0b0 \uc0c1\ud0dc \ubd80\uc2e4 \ucd08\ub798, 6\uc5b5 \uc6d0\uc774 \ub118\ub294 \uae08\uc561 \ud6a1\ub839, \ud53c\ud574 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ubbf8\ud68c\ubcf5.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc720\ub9ac\ud55c \uc815\uc0c1: \ud53c\ud574 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ud558\uc5d0 \uc788\ub358 1\uc778 \ud68c\uc0ac \ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc871 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc778 \uc810, \ud53c\ud574\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc758 \ucc98\ubc8c\uc744 \uc6d0\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ucde8\uc9c0\uc5d0\uc11c \uace0\uc18c\ub97c \ucde8\uc18c\ud55c \uc810, \uae08\uc561\uc5d0 \ub2e4\ud23c\uc740 \uc788\uc73c\ub098 \ud53c\uace0\uc778\uc774 \ud53c\ud574 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ub4f1 \ucc44\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc810, \ub3d9\uc885 \ubc94\ud589\uc73c\ub85c \ud615\uc0ac\ucc98\ubc8c \uc804\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc810.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 1\uc778 \ud68c\uc0ac \ub610\ub294 \uac00\uc871 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc790\uae08\uc740 \ubc95\uc778\uaca9\uacfc \ubd84\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4 \uad00\ub9ac\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud558\uba70, \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801 \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\ub77c \ud560\uc9c0\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uac1c\uc778\uc801\uc778 \uc6a9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud568\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uac00\uc218\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c\uc774 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uc774\ub294 \ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd\uc5d0 \uc601\ud5a5\uc744 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud558\uba70, \uac00\uc218\uae08 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc758 \uc2e0\ube59\uc131\uc744 \ud310\ub2e8\ud560 \ub54c \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \uc0ac\uc6a9 \ub0b4\uc5ed \ud3ec\ud568 \uc5ec\ubd80, \uc7a5\ubd80 \uc815\ub9ac \uc5ec\ubd80 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568.\n- \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\ubcf4 \ud6c4 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc790\uae08\uc744 \uc778\ucd9c\ud558\ub294 \ud589\uc704\ub294 \ubd88\ubc95\uc601\ub4dd\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \uac15\ud558\uac8c \ucd94\ub2e8\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\ud669\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud568\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c."}
- 법원의 판단:
- 피고인은 해당 아파트를 개인적으로 매수하여 거주하였고, 회사 업무용으로 사용되었다는 주장은 증언 및 사실관계에 비추어 신빙성이 없음.
- 아파트 매수 대금 중 절반 이상을 피고인의 개인 돈으로 지급한 점을 고려할 때, 피고인이 개인적인 아파트 매수 과정에서 자금이 부족하자 회사 자금을 임의로 사용한 것으로 판단됨.
- 피고인이 회사에 대해 가수금 채권을 가지고 있다는 주장은 아파트를 회사가 사용할 목적으로 구입했다는 주장과 모순되며, 가수금 채권이 있다는 사정만으로 업무상 횡령죄가 성립하지 않는다고 볼 수 없음.
- 피고인이 제출한 가수금 관련 금융거래내역 등에는 개인적 사용 내역이 다수 포함되어 있고, 회사 장부상 가수금 채권으로 정리되어 있지도 않아 가수금 변제 주장은 받아들여지지 않음.
- N의 자금 78,500,000원 인출과 관련하여, 피고인이 해임 통보를 받은 후 회사 관계자들이 모르게 OTP 카드를 받아 회사 자금을 인출