서울고등법원 | 2004-12-10 | 2003누15890
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
남녀차별금지법상 성희롱 행위 주체인 '공공기관의 종사자' 범위에 대한 판단
결과 요약
- 회사의 항소를 기각함.
- 근로자는 남녀차별금지법상 성희롱 행위의 주체인 '공공기관의 종사자'에 해당하지 않으므로, 회사의 성희롱 결정은 위법하다고 판단함.
사실관계
- 근로자는 국민건강보험공단(이하 '공단')과 위탁교육계약을 체결한 소외 회사로부터 공단 직원 교육 중 일부를 의뢰받아 교육을 실시하였음.
- 근로자는 약 2개월간 총 8차례, 매 차수당 4시간 또는 6시간의 교육을 진행하였음.
- 근로자는 '고객심리분석 및 불만처리기법'이라는 제목으로 고객 불만 처리 및 고객 만족 실천 방법론을 중심으로 교육을 실시하였음.
- 회사는 근로자의 성적 언동이 남녀차별금지법상 성희롱에 해당한다고 결정하였음.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
남녀차별금지법상 성희롱 행위의 주체인 '공공기관의 종사자'의 범위
- 법리: 제재적 행정처분의 관련 법령 해석 시 유추해석이 금지되며, 법령의 문언에 충실하고 엄격하게 해석해야 함.
- 법리: 남녀차별금지법상 성희롱 행위의 주체는 '공공기관의 종사자, 사용자 및 근로자'로 엄격하게 한정됨.
- 법리: '공공기관의 종사자'는 공공기관과 일정한 직무관계 내지 고용관계의 계속성을 유지하며, 업무 내용이 공공기관에 의해 정해지고, 공공기관의 복무규정·인사규정 등의 적용을 받으며, 업무수행 과정에서 공공기관으로부터 구체적이고 직접적인 지휘·감독을 받는 사람으로 엄격하게 한정됨.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자는 공단과 위탁교육계약을 체결한 소외 회사로부터 교육을 의뢰받아 실시한 자에 불과함.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자의 교육 기간, 횟수 및 시간이 장기간에 걸쳐 계속된 것이 아니라 단기간에 불과함.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자는 공단의 복무규정이나 인사규정 등의 적용을 받지 않았음.
- 법원의 판단: 근로자는 공단의 사전 승인하에 소외 회사로부터 교육의 일부를 위임받았으나, 교육과 관련하여 공단으로부터 구체적이고 직접적인 지휘·감독을 받지 않았음.
- 법원의 판단: 위와 같은 사정을 고려할 때, 근로자는 남녀차별금지법상의 '공공기관의 종사자'에 해당한다고 보기 어렵다고 판단함.
- 법원의 판단: 따라서 근로자가 남녀차별금지법이 규정하는 성희롱 행위의 주체에 해당한다고 볼 수 없음에도 이를 전제로 한 회사의 해당 결정은 위법하다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 피고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc778 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790' \ubc94\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- **\uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc778 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc\uac74\uac15\ubcf4\ud5d8\uacf5\ub2e8(\uc774\ud558 '\uacf5\ub2e8')\uacfc \uc704\ud0c1\uad50\uc721\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uc18c\uc678 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uacf5\ub2e8 \uc9c1\uc6d0 \uad50\uc721 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc758\ub8b0\ubc1b\uc544 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc57d 2\uac1c\uc6d4\uac04 \ucd1d 8\ucc28\ub840, \ub9e4 \ucc28\uc218\ub2f9 4\uc2dc\uac04 \ub610\ub294 6\uc2dc\uac04\uc758 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc9c4\ud589\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 '\uace0\uac1d\uc2ec\ub9ac\ubd84\uc11d \ubc0f \ubd88\ub9cc\ucc98\ub9ac\uae30\ubc95'\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc81c\ubaa9\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\uac1d \ubd88\ub9cc \ucc98\ub9ac \ubc0f \uace0\uac1d \ub9cc\uc871 \uc2e4\ucc9c \ubc29\ubc95\ub860\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc131\uc801 \uc5b8\ub3d9\uc774 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uc74c.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc778 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790'\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:** \uc81c\uc7ac\uc801 \ud589\uc815\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \uad00\ub828 \ubc95\ub839 \ud574\uc11d \uc2dc \uc720\ucd94\ud574\uc11d\uc774 \uae08\uc9c0\ub418\uba70, \ubc95\ub839\uc758 \ubb38\uc5b8\uc5d0 \ucda9\uc2e4\ud558\uace0 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud574\uc57c \ud568.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:** \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\ub294 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uc790'\ub85c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\uc815\ub428.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac:** '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790'\ub294 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uacfc \uc77c\uc815\ud55c \uc9c1\ubb34\uad00\uacc4 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\uc758 \uacc4\uc18d\uc131\uc744 \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\uba70, \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc815\ud574\uc9c0\uace0, \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \ubcf5\ubb34\uaddc\uc815\u00b7\uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc73c\uba70, \uc5c5\ubb34\uc218\ud589 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc73c\ub85c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud55c\uc815\ub428.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacf5\ub2e8\uacfc \uc704\ud0c1\uad50\uc721\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uccb4\uacb0\ud55c \uc18c\uc678 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc758\ub8b0\ubc1b\uc544 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud55c \uc790\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uad50\uc721 \uae30\uac04, \ud69f\uc218 \ubc0f \uc2dc\uac04\uc774 \uc7a5\uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uacc4\uc18d\ub41c \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ub2e8\uae30\uac04\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacf5\ub2e8\uc758 \ubcf5\ubb34\uaddc\uc815\uc774\ub098 \uc778\uc0ac\uaddc\uc815 \ub4f1\uc758 \uc801\uc6a9\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uacf5\ub2e8\uc758 \uc0ac\uc804 \uc2b9\uc778\ud558\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc678 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad50\uc721\uc758 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc704\uc784\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ub098, \uad50\uc721\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uacf5\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc74c.\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** **\uc704\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc815\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \ub54c, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1\uc758 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790'\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.**\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8:** \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc774 \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\ub97c \uc804\uc81c\ub85c \ud55c \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacb0\uc815\uc740 \uc704\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c2\uc870 \uc81c2\ud638: \"\uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc774\ub77c \ud568\uc740 \uc5c5\ubb34, \uace0\uc6a9 \uae30\ud0c0 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uadf8 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc5c5\ubb34 \ub4f1\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc131\uc801 \uc5b8\ub3d9 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \uc131\uc801 \uad74\uc695\uac10 \ub610\ub294 \ud610\uc624\uac10\uc744 \ub290\ub07c\uac8c \ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc131\uc801 \uc5b8\ub3d9 \uae30\ud0c0 \uc694\uad6c \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubd88\uc751\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \uace0\uc6a9\uc0c1\uc758 \ubd88\uc774\uc775\uc744 \uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n- \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790, \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790 \ubc0f \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc744 \ud558\uc5ec\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\ub41c\ub2e4.\"\n- \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d: \"\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc7a5 \ubc0f \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\ub839\uc774 \uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc131\ud76c\ub871\uc758 \ubc29\uc9c0\ub97c \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uad50\uc721\uc744 \uc2e4\uc2dc\ud558\ub294 \ub4f1 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uac15\uad6c\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n- \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c28\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \uc81c22\uc870\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc870\uc0ac\uc758 \uacb0\uacfc \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uc784\uc744 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uace0 \ub2f9\ud574 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc7a5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc2dc\uc815\uc744 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \uad8c\uace0\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n- \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc81c31\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \"\uc81c28\uc870\uc758 \uaddc\uc815\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \uc2dc\uc815\uc870\uce58\uc758 \uad8c\uace0\ub098 \uac1c\uc120\uad8c\uace0 \ub610\ub294 \uc758\uacac\uc744 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ubc1b\uc740 \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc7a5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\ub294 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc18c\uba85\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\ub294 \ud55c \uc774\uc5d0 \uc751\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4.\"\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \uc774 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704\uc758 \uc8fc\uccb4\uc778 '\uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uc758 \uc885\uc0ac\uc790'\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc5c4\uaca9\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec, \uacf5\uacf5\uae30\uad00\uacfc \uc9c1\uc811\uc801\uc778 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub098 \uc9c0\ud718\u00b7\uac10\ub3c5 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc788\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uc678\ubd80 \uc704\ud0c1 \uad50\uc721 \uac15\uc0ac\ub294 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \uc774\ub294 \uc81c\uc7ac\uc801 \ud589\uc815\ucc98\ubd84\uc758 \ubc95\ub839 \ud574\uc11d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 \uc720\ucd94\ud574\uc11d \uae08\uc9c0 \uc6d0\uce59\uacfc \ubb38\uc5b8\uc758 \uc5c4\uaca9\ud55c \ud574\uc11d \uc6d0\uce59\uc744 \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc720\uc0ac \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704 \uc8fc\uccb4 \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc131\uc801 \uc5b8\ub3d9\uc774 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \uc704\ubc18\ub420 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uadf8\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \ubc95\uc801 \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc5ec, \uc131\ud76c\ub871 \ud589\uc704 \uc790\uccb4\uc758 \uc704\ubc95\uc131 \uc5ec\ubd80\uc640\ub294 \ubcc4\uac1c\ub85c \ub0a8\ub140\ucc28\ubcc4\uae08\uc9c0\ubc95 \uc801\uc6a9 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc744 \ubc1d\ud798."}
- 남녀차별금지법 제2조 제2호: "성희롱이라 함은 업무, 고용 기타 관계에서 공공기관의 종사자, 사용자 또는 근로자가 그 지위를 이용하거나 업무 등과 관련하여 성적 언동 등으로 성적 굴욕감 또는 혐오감을 느끼게 하거나 성적 언동 기타 요구 등에 대한 불응을 이유로 고용상의 불이익을 주는 것을 말한다."
- 남녀차별금지법 제7조 제1항: "공공기관의 종사자, 사용자 및 근로자는 성희롱을 하여서는 아니된다."
- 남녀차별금지법 제7조 제2항: "공공기관의 장 및 사용자는 대통령령이 정하는 바에 의하여 성희롱의 방지를 위하여 교육을 실시하는 등 필요한 조치를 강구하여야 한다."
- 남녀차별금지법 제28조 제1항: "위원회는 제22조의 규정에 의한 조사의 결과 남녀차별사항에 해당한다고 인정할 만한 상당한 이유가 있을 때에는 남녀차별임을 결정하고 당해 공공기관의 장 또는 사용자에게 시정을 위하여 필요한 조치를 권고하여야 한다."
- 남녀차별금지법 제31조 제1항: "제28조의 규정에 의한 시정조치의 권고나 개선권고 또는 의견을 통보받은 공공기관의 장 또는 사용자는 특별한 사유가 있음을 소명하지 못하는 한 이에 응하여야 한다."
검토
- 이 판결은 남녀차별금지법상 성희롱 행위의 주체인 '공공기관의 종사자'의 범위를 엄격하게 해석하여, 공공기관과 직접적인 고용관계나 지휘·감독 관계에 있지 않은 외부 위탁 교육 강사는 해당하지 않는다고 명확히 함.
- 이는 제재적 행정처분의 법령 해석에 있어 유추해석 금지 원칙과 문언의 엄격한 해석 원칙을 재확인한 것으로, 유사 사건에서 성희