부산지방법원 동부지원 | 2022-12-08 | 2020가합108706
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
4인 이하 사업장의 근로계약 해지 유효성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 해고무효확인청구 및 임금지급청구를 모두 기각함.
사실관계
- 회사는 부산 기장군 소재 집합건물 'B상가'의 관리단임.
- 근로자는 2017. 3. 6. 피고와 근로계약을 체결하고 이 사건 상가의 관리 및 회계업무 등을 담당함.
- 회사는 2020. 11. 9.경 근로자에게 징계사유를 이유로 2020. 12. 15.자로 해고한다는 취지의 해고예고통지를 함.
- 근로자는 해당 해고가 절차적·실체적 하자가 있어 무효라고 주장하며 해고무효확인 및 임금지급을 청구함.
- 회사는 4인 이하 사업장이므로 근로기준법이 아닌 민법상 고용 조항이 적용되어 해고가 적법하다고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
4인 이하 사업장의 근로계약 해지 유효성
- 법리: 근로기준법은 상시 5명 이상의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에 전면 적용되나, 상시 4명 이하의 근로자를 사용하는 사업장에는 근로기준법 시행령 제7조 [별표 1]에 따라 근로기준법 제23조 제1항(징계·해고의 정당한 이유 요구)의 적용이 배제됨. 따라서 4인 이하 사업장의 고용계약 해지에는 민법의 고용 조항이 적용됨.
- 법리: 고용기간의 약정이 없는 경우 사용자는 언제든지 계약해지의 통고를 할 수 있으며(민법 제660조 제1항), 다만 해고사유를 열거하여 해고제한의 특약을 하였다면 그 제한을 위반한 해고는 무효임.
- 법리: 고용기간의 약정이 있는 경우에도 부득이한 사유가 있는 때에는 계약을 해지할 수 있으며(민법 제661조), 여기서 '부득이한 사유'는 고용계약을 존속시켜 이행을 강제하는 것이 사회통념상 불가능한 경우를 말하며, 고용관계 유지에 필요한 신뢰관계가 깨어졌는지 여부를 기준으로 판단함.
- 법원의 판단:
- 회사가 4인 이하 사업장에 해당하므로, 해당 근로계약에는 근로기준법 제23조 제1항이 적용되지 않고 민법의 고용 조항이 적용됨.
- 해당 근로계약서 제9조의 "이 계약에 정함이 없는 사항은 근로기준법령에 의함"이라는 규정은 4인 이하 사업장에 근로기준법령이 적용되는 범위 내에서 계약의 공백을 보충하기 위한 것으로 보이며, 근로기준법 제11조 제2항을 배제하고 적용되지 않는 근로기준법 규정까지 적용하기 위한 특약으로 보기 어려움.
- 해당 근로계약은 종기가 정해지지 않은 기간의 약정이 없는 고용계약에 해당하므로, 회사는 사유를 불문하고 언제든지 계약해지의 통고를 할 수 있음.
- 설령 해당 근로계약이 기간의 약정이 있는 고용계약이라 하더라도, 근로자가 피고 명의의 새마을금고 부외계좌 개설·사용과 관련하여 비위행위를 하였다는 회사의 주장(부외계좌에 공금 입금 후 적은 금액 지출, 장부 기록과 실제 집행 현황 불일치, 원고 또는 가족 명의 계좌로 금원 이체, 사적 업무 이용 등)이 인정됨.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 모두 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\ub0a9\ub4dd\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc124\uba85\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \uc5c5\ubb34\uc0c1\ud6a1\ub839\uc8c4\ub85c \uace0\uc18c\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc0ac\uac00 \uacc4\uc18d \uc911\uc778 \uc810 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\ud558\uba74, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc6d0\uace0\uc640 \ud53c\uace0 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uc720\uc9c0\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ud544\uc694\ud55c **\uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uae68\uc5b4\uc838 \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870 \uc18c\uc815\uc758 '\ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720'\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4**\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ub428.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub85c\uc368 \uc815\ub2f9\ud558\uac8c \ud574\uc9c0\ub418\uc5c8\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d: \uace0\uc6a9\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \uacc4\uc57d\ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud1b5\uace0\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870: \uace0\uc6a9\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \uc788\ub294 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uac01 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \ud574\uc9c0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2008. 3. 14. \uc120\uace0 2007\ub2e41418 \ud310\uacb0: \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d\uc740 \uc784\uc758\uaddc\uc815\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud574\uace0\uc81c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc57d\uc744 \uc704\ubc18\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub294 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\ub2e4.\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2014. 5. 16. \uc120\uace0 2011\ub2e498006 \ud310\uacb0: \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c661\uc870\uc758 '\ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720'\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc874\uc18d\uc2dc\ucf1c \uc774\ud589\uc744 \uac15\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc0ac\ud68c\ud1b5\ub150\uc0c1 \ubd88\uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\uba70, \uace0\uc6a9\uad00\uacc4 \uc720\uc9c0\uc5d0 \ud544\uc694\ud55c \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uae68\uc5b4\uc84c\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.\n### \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09 \uccad\uad6c\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uace0\uc6a9\uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc57d\uc815\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uac00 \uacc4\uc57d\ud574\uc9c0\ub97c \ud1b5\uace0\ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc740 \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc774 \ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud1b5\uace0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \ub0a0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1\uac1c\uc6d4\uc774 \uacbd\uacfc\ud55c \ub0a0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud568(\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d).\n- **\ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8**:\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\uc9c0\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c 2020. 11. 9.\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1\uac1c\uc6d4\uc774 \uacbd\uacfc\ud55c 2020. 12. 9.\uacbd \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \ubd04\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud568.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 2020. 12. 16.\ubd80\ud130\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uccad\uad6c\ub294 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc774 \uc885\ub8cc\ub41c \uc774\ud6c4\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uad6c\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c660\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d: \uc0c1\ub300\ubc29\uc774 \ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud1b5\uace0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \ub0a0\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1\uc6d4\uc774 \uacbd\uacfc\ud558\uba74 \ud574\uc9c0\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc0dd\uae34\ub2e4.\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \uace0\uc6a9 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \uc801\uc6a9\ub428\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc5c6\ub294 \uace0\uc6a9\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc720\ub97c \ubd88\ubb38\ud558\uace0 \uc5b8\uc81c\ub4e0\uc9c0 \ud574\uc9c0 \ud1b5\uace0\ub97c \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \ub610\ud55c, \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc815\ud568\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc774\ub77c \ud558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ube44\uc704\ud589\uc704\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uc2e0\ub8b0\uad00\uacc4\uac00 \uae68\uc9c4 \uacbd\uc6b0 '\ubd80\ub4dd\uc774\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720'\ub85c \ud574\uc9c0\uac00 \uac00\ub2a5\ud568\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d\uc11c\uc5d0 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\ub839 \uc900\uc218 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \uc788\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc758 \ud2b9\uc131\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \uc801\uc6a9 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud55c \uc810\uc774 \uc8fc\ubaa9\ud560 \ub9cc\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ub294 4\uc778 \uc774\ud558 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \uadfc\ub85c\uacc4\uc57d \ud574\uc9c0 \uc2dc \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \ubc1b\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b8 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0 \uc2dc \ud574\uace0 \uc81c\ud55c \ud2b9\uc57d \ub4f1\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud568."}
- 특히 근로자가 2018. 4.경부터 2020. 10.경까지 수십 차례에 걸쳐 이 사건 부외계좌에서 근로자의 배우자 및 자녀 명의 계좌로 금원을 이체시킨 사실이 인정됨.
- 근로자의 해명(피고 대표자의 개인 사정으로 인한 업무 차질 방지를 위해 개인 자금으로 선처리 후 보전)은 회사의 지적사항에 대한 합리적이고 납득할 만한 설명으로 보기 어려움.
- 회사가 근로자를 업무상횡령죄로 고소하여 수사가 계속 중인 점 등을 종합하면, 해당 해고 당시 원고와 피고 사이의 고용관계를 유지하는 데 필요한 신뢰관계가 깨어져 민법 제661조 소정의 '부득이한 사유'가 있었다고 판단됨.
- 따라서 해당 근로계약은 회사의 근로자에 대한 해고 통지로써 정당하게 해지되었음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 민법 제660조 제1항: 고용기간의 약정이 없는 때에는 당사자는 언제든지 계약해지의 통고를 할 수 있다.
- 민법 제661조: 고용기간의 약정이 있는 경우에도 부득이한 사유 있는 때에는 각 당사자는 계약을 해지할 수 있다.
- 대법원 2008. 3. 14. 선고 2007다1418 판결: 민법 제66