서울남부지방법원 | 2019-11-21 | 2019나52933
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
임금채권 우선변제권의 범위 및 중복 행사 가능 여부
결과 요약
근로자의 항소를 기각하고, 항소비용은 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
피고 등은 F의 직원으로 근무 중 2014. 12. 31. 해고 통보를 받음.
경기지방노동위원회는 피고 등에 대한 해고가 부당하다고 결정하였고, F는 복직 명령을 하였으나 피고 등은 체불 임금 미지급을 이유로 복직을 거부함.
F는 피고 등에게 2014. 12.분 임금과 퇴직금을 지급하지 않았고, 안양지원 경매절차에서 피고 등은 최선순위 임금채권자로서 2016. 6. 29. 임금 및 퇴직금 일부를 배당받음.
피고 등은 F를 상대로 해고무효 확인 및 임금·퇴직금 지급 소송을 제기하여, 2017. 7. 7. 해고가 무효임을 전제로 2015. 1. 1.부터 2015. 9. 10.까지의 임금 및 퇴직금 지급을 명하는 판결(이 사건 관련 판결)이 확정됨.
근로자는 F 소유 부동산에 대한 근저당권부채권의 양수인임.
이 사건 부동산 경매절차에서 피고 등은 2015. 9. 10.을 기준으로 한 최종 3개월분 임금 및 이 사건 관련 판결에서 확정된 퇴직금에 대해 우선변제권을 주장하며 배당을 요구함.
6. 12. 배당표가 작성되었고, 근로자는 피고 등에 대한 배당액에 이의를 제기하며 이 사건 배당이의의 소를 제기함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
근로기준법상 '최종 3개월분 임금'의 범위
근로자는 '최종 3개월분 임금'이 실제로 근로를 제공한 최종 3개월분 임금을 의미하며, 해고 후 임금지급의무가 발생한 기간의 임금은 포함되지 않는다고 주장함.
법원은 제1심판결의 판단을 인용하여 근로자의 주장을 받아들이지 않음.
관련 판례 및 법령
민사소송법 제420조 본문
안양지원 경매절차에서 변제받은 임금의 중복 배당 여부
근로자는 피고 등이 안양지원 경매절차에서 2014. 12.분 임금을 변제받았으므로 이 사건 경매절차에서의 배당요구가 부적법하다고 주장함.
법원은 피고 등이 이 사건 경매절차에서 이 사건 관련 판결을 근거로 2015. 9. 10.을 기준으로 한 최종 3개월분 임금 및 확정된 퇴직금에 대해 배당 요구를 한 사실을 인정하며 근로자의 주장을 기각함.
임금 및 퇴직금 최우선변제권의 중복 행사 가능 여부
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \uc784\uae08\ucc44\uad8c \uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc758 \ubc94\uc704 \ubc0f \uc911\ubcf5 \ud589\uc0ac \uac00\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud558\uace0, \ud56d\uc18c\ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc740 F\uc758 \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34 \uc911 2014. 12. 31. \ud574\uace0 \ud1b5\ubcf4\ub97c \ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \uacbd\uae30\uc9c0\ubc29\ub178\ub3d9\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uacb0\uc815\ud558\uc600\uace0, F\ub294 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uba85\ub839\uc744 \ud558\uc600\uc73c\ub098 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc740 \uccb4\ubd88 \uc784\uae08 \ubbf8\uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubcf5\uc9c1\uc744 \uac70\ubd80\ud568.\n- F\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc5d0\uac8c 2014. 12.\ubd84 \uc784\uae08\uacfc \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \uc9c0\uae09\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uace0, \uc548\uc591\uc9c0\uc6d0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc740 \ucd5c\uc120\uc21c\uc704 \uc784\uae08\ucc44\uad8c\uc790\ub85c\uc11c 2016. 6. 29. \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \ubc30\ub2f9\ubc1b\uc74c.\n- \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc740 F\ub97c \uc0c1\ub300\ub85c \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8 \ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uc784\uae08\u00b7\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09 \uc18c\uc1a1\uc744 \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uc5ec, 2017. 7. 7. \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubb34\ud6a8\uc784\uc744 \uc804\uc81c\ub85c 2015. 1. 1.\ubd80\ud130 2015. 9. 10.\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \uc9c0\uae09\uc744 \uba85\ud558\ub294 \ud310\uacb0(\uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uad00\ub828 \ud310\uacb0)\uc774 \ud655\uc815\ub428.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 F \uc18c\uc720 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\uc800\ub2f9\uad8c\ubd80\ucc44\uad8c\uc758 \uc591\uc218\uc778\uc784.\n- \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc740 2015. 9. 10.\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uad00\ub828 \ud310\uacb0\uc5d0\uc11c \ud655\uc815\ub41c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc744 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uba70 \ubc30\ub2f9\uc744 \uc694\uad6c\ud568.\n- 2018. 6. 12. \ubc30\ub2f9\ud45c\uac00 \uc791\uc131\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc30\ub2f9\uc561\uc5d0 \uc774\uc758\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud558\uba70 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ubc30\ub2f9\uc774\uc758\uc758 \uc18c\ub97c \uc81c\uae30\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 '\ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08'\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 '\ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08'\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \uadfc\ub85c\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\uba70, \ud574\uace0 \ud6c4 \uc784\uae08\uc9c0\uae09\uc758\ubb34\uac00 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc758 \uc784\uae08\uc740 \ud3ec\ud568\ub418\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uc81c1\uc2ec\ud310\uacb0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c420\uc870 \ubcf8\ubb38\n### \uc548\uc591\uc9c0\uc6d0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\uc81c\ubc1b\uc740 \uc784\uae08\uc758 \uc911\ubcf5 \ubc30\ub2f9 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc548\uc591\uc9c0\uc6d0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c 2014. 12.\ubd84 \uc784\uae08\uc744 \ubcc0\uc81c\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c\uc758 \ubc30\ub2f9\uc694\uad6c\uac00 \ubd80\uc801\ubc95\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uad00\ub828 \ud310\uacb0\uc744 \uadfc\uac70\ub85c 2015. 9. 10.\uc744 \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud55c \ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud655\uc815\ub41c \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \ubc30\ub2f9 \uc694\uad6c\ub97c \ud55c \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uba70 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n### \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc758 \uc911\ubcf5 \ud589\uc0ac \uac00\ub2a5 \uc5ec\ubd80\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc740 \uc911\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc548\uc591\uc9c0\uc6d0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ubbf8 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec \ubcc0\uc81c\ubc1b\uc558\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08(\uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d) \ubc0f \ucd5c\uc885 3\ub144\uac04\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08(\uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec\ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c12\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d)\uc758 \uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc740 \ubc95\uc815\ub2f4\ubcf4\ubb3c\uad8c\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\ubbc0\ub85c, \ud53c\ub2f4\ubcf4\ucc44\uad8c \uc804\ubd80\uc758 \ub9cc\uc871\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc794\uc874 \ucc44\uad8c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\ub978 \uacbd\ub9e4 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \ucd5c\uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc744 \ud589\uc0ac\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \uc548\uc591\uc9c0\uc6d0 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ubcc0\uc81c\ubc1b\uc740 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc744 \ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ucd5c\uc885 3\ub144\uac04\uc758 \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\uc2dc\ud0a4\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \uacbd\ub9e4\uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \ubcc0\uc81c\ubc1b\uc740 \uae08\uc561\uc774 \uc794\uc874 \ud53c\ub2f4\ubcf4\ucc44\uad8c \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc561\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \ud53c\uace0 \ub4f1\uc774 \ubd80\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc5bb\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95 \uc81c38\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\ud1f4\uc9c1\uae09\uc5ec\ubcf4\uc7a5\ubc95 \uc81c12\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc784\uae08 \ubc0f \ud1f4\uc9c1\uae08 \ucc44\uad8c\uc758 \uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc774 \ubc95\uc815\ub2f4\ubcf4\ubb3c\uad8c\uc758 \uc131\uaca9\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uba70, \ud53c\ub2f4\ubcf4\ucc44\uad8c \uc804\uc561\uc774 \ubcc0\uc81c\ub420 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uacbd\ub9e4 \uc808\ucc28\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\ubcf5\ud558\uc5ec \ud589\uc0ac\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ud568. \uc774\ub294 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\ub77c\ub294 \uc785\ubc95 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc18\uc601\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc784.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \ud574\uace0 \ud6c4 \ubcf5\uc9c1 \uac70\ubd80 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548\uc758 \uc784\uae08\ub3c4 '\ucd5c\uc885 3\uac1c\uc6d4\ubd84 \uc784\uae08'\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud558\uc5ec, \ubd80\ub2f9\ud574\uace0\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \uc784\uae08 \uc190\uc2e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \ubcf4\ud638\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud310\uc2dc\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ub420 \uc218 \uc788\uc74c.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uae30\uc900\ubc95\uc0c1 \uc6b0\uc120\ubcc0\uc81c\uad8c\uc758 \ubc94\uc704\ub97c \ucd95\uc18c\ud558\uace0 \uc911\ubcf5 \ud589\uc0ac\ub97c \uc81c\ud55c\ud558\ub824\ub294 \uc2dc\ub3c4\uc600\uc73c\ub098, \ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790 \ubcf4\ud638\uc758 \uad00\uc810\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\ub97c \ubc30\ucc99\ud568."}
근로자는 임금 및 퇴직금에 대한 최우선변제권은 중복하여 행사할 수 없으며, 피고 등이 안양지원 경매절차에서 이미 최우선변제권을 행사하여 변제받았으므로 이 사건 경매절차에서 다시 행사할 수 없다고 주장함.
법원은 최종 3개월분 임금(근로기준법 제38조 제2항) 및 최종 3년간의 퇴직금(근로자퇴직급여보장법 제12조 제2항)의 우선변제권은 법정담보물권의 성격을 가지므로, 피담보채권 전부의 만족을 얻을 때까지 잔존 채권에 관하여 다른 경매 절차에서도 최우선변제권을 행사할 수 있다고 판단함.
법원은 피고 등이 안양지원 경매절차에서 변제받은 임금 및 퇴직금을 최종 3개월분 임금 및 최종 3년간의 퇴직금에 포함시키더라도, 이 사건 경매절차에서 피고 등이 변제받은 금액이 잔존 피담보채권 상당액에 미치지 아니하므로 피고 등이 부당한 이득을 얻었다고 보기 어렵다고 판단함.
관련 판례 및 법령
근로기준법 제38조 제2항
근로자퇴직급여보장법 제12조 제2항
검토
본 판결은 근로자의 임금 및 퇴직금 채권의 우선변제권이 법정담보물권의 성격을 가지며, 피담보채권 전액이 변제될 때까지 여러 경매 절차에서 중복하여 행사될 수 있음을 명확히 함. 이는 근로자 보호라는 입법 취지를 반영한 것으로 보임.
특히, 해고 후 복직 거부 기간 동안의 임금도 '최종 3개월분 임금'에 포함될 수 있음을 시사하여, 부당해고로 인한 임금 손실에 대한 근로자의 보호를 강화하는 판시로 해석될 수 있음.
근로자의 주장은 근로기준법상 우선변제권의 범위를 축소하고 중복 행사를 제한하려는 시도였으나, 법원은 근로자 보호의 관점에서 이를 배척함.