수원고등법원 | 2021-05-13 | 2020나20704
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
해고무효확인 및 위자료 청구 기각 판결
결과 요약
근로자의 해고무효확인 및 위자료 청구에 대한 항소를 기각함.
항소 비용은 근로자가 부담함.
사실관계
근로자는 회사의 대표이사가 근로자의 C사에 대한 이의로 인해 관련 주문이 감소하였다는 이유 등으로 2018. 4.경부터 근로자에 대한 해고를 준비하였고, 그 과정에서 근로자에게 수회에 걸쳐 사직을 권고하던 중 근로자가 이를 거절하자 정당한 사유 없는 개인적 보복조치로서 무단결근을 표면적인 해고사유로 가장하여 해당 해고를 하였다고 주장함.
근로자는 J이 근로자에 대한 명예훼손 당시 낭독한 문건을 사전에 검토하는 과정을 거쳤으므로, 그 기재 내용이 허위 사실이라는 점을 명확히 인지하였고, 따라서 위 문건 낭독 당시 근로자에 대한 명예훼손의 고의가 있었다고 주장함.
J은 2018. 11. 14. 회사 회의실에서 근로자에 대하여 '오타, 누락 등 기본적인 오류가 지속적으로 나와 고객 컴플레인을 받았고, 고객 피드백을 잘 순응하지 못해서 고객의 불만을 불러일으켰으며, 사안을 중대히 여기지 않고 개선도 미비하여 이후에도 지속적인 문제를 일으켰으며, 회의 참석도 하지 않고 출근에 불응하고 비협조적이며 소통이 어려워 정상적인 업무가 힘들다'는 내용이 기재된 문서를 낭독함.
수원지방검찰청 검사는 2019. 4. 26. J에게 명예훼손의 고의가 있었다고 보기 어렵고 달리 이를 입증할 증거가 부족하다는 이유로 혐의없음의 불기소처분을 함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
해고무효확인 청구
쟁점: 회사의 해고가 보복성 조치이며 징계사유가 존재하지 않는지 여부.
법리: 해고의 정당성은 징계사유의 존재 여부 및 해고 절차의 적법성 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함.
판단: 제출된 증거각 기재만으로는 회사가 해당 해고와 관련하여 근로자의 주장과 같이 그 해고사유인 무단결근 등을 표면적인 구실로 내세워 근로자에 대한 보복조치를 하였음을 인정하기에 부족하고, 달리 이를 인정할 증거가 없으므로, 근로자의 이 부분 주장은 이유 없음.
위자료 청구 (명예훼손)
쟁점: J의 문건 낭독 행위에 명예훼손의 고의가 있었는지 여부.
법리: 명예훼손의 고의는 행위자가 허위 사실임을 인식하고 타인의 명예를 훼손할 의도로 행위를 하였는지 여부를 기준으로 판단함.
판단: 제출된 증거각 기재만으로는 근로자의 위 주장을 인정하기에 부족하고, 달리 이를 인정할 증거가 없으며, 오히려 제출된 증거의 기재에 를 종합하면, J에 대한 명예훼손 혐의 고소 사건에서 혐의없음의 불기소처분이 내려진 사실을 인정할 수 있으므로, 근로자의 이 부분 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 항소를 기각한다. 2. 항소비용은 원고가 부담한다.
{"source_kind": "bigcase_html_noauth", "extraction_method": "next_data_noauth", "ai_summary": "# \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uc704\uc790\ub8cc \uccad\uad6c \uae30\uac01 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uacb0\uacfc \uc694\uc57d\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \ubc0f \uc704\uc790\ub8cc \uccad\uad6c\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud56d\uc18c\ub97c \uae30\uac01\ud568.\n- \ud56d\uc18c \ube44\uc6a9\uc740 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \ubd80\ub2f4\ud568.\n## \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ub300\ud45c\uc774\uc0ac\uac00 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 C\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc758\ub85c \uc778\ud574 \uad00\ub828 \uc8fc\ubb38\uc774 \uac10\uc18c\ud558\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c 2018. 4.\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud574\uace0\ub97c \uc900\ube44\ud558\uc600\uace0, \uadf8 \uacfc\uc815\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc218\ud68c\uc5d0 \uac78\uccd0 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc744 \uad8c\uace0\ud558\ub358 \uc911 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \uac70\uc808\ud558\uc790 \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc0ac\uc720 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac1c\uc778\uc801 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc870\uce58\ub85c\uc11c \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc\uc744 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc778 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\ub85c \uac00\uc7a5\ud558\uc5ec \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 J\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190 \ub2f9\uc2dc \ub0ad\ub3c5\ud55c \ubb38\uac74\uc744 \uc0ac\uc804\uc5d0 \uac80\ud1a0\ud558\ub294 \uacfc\uc815\uc744 \uac70\ucce4\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uadf8 \uae30\uc7ac \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ud5c8\uc704 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \uc778\uc9c0\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc704 \ubb38\uac74 \ub0ad\ub3c5 \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n- J\uc740 2018. 11. 14. \ud68c\uc0ac \ud68c\uc758\uc2e4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud558\uc5ec '\uc624\ud0c0, \ub204\ub77d \ub4f1 \uae30\ubcf8\uc801\uc778 \uc624\ub958\uac00 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\uc640 \uace0\uac1d \ucef4\ud50c\ub808\uc778\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uace0\uac1d \ud53c\ub4dc\ubc31\uc744 \uc798 \uc21c\uc751\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud574\uc11c \uace0\uac1d\uc758 \ubd88\ub9cc\uc744 \ubd88\ub7ec\uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc73c\uba70, \uc0ac\uc548\uc744 \uc911\ub300\ud788 \uc5ec\uae30\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \uac1c\uc120\ub3c4 \ubbf8\ube44\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ud6c4\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc801\uc778 \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \uc77c\uc73c\ucf30\uc73c\uba70, \ud68c\uc758 \ucc38\uc11d\ub3c4 \ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0 \ucd9c\uadfc\uc5d0 \ubd88\uc751\ud558\uace0 \ube44\ud611\uc870\uc801\uc774\uba70 \uc18c\ud1b5\uc774 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6cc \uc815\uc0c1\uc801\uc778 \uc5c5\ubb34\uac00 \ud798\ub4e4\ub2e4'\ub294 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \ub0ad\ub3c5\ud568.\n- \uc218\uc6d0\uc9c0\ubc29\uac80\ucc30\uccad \uac80\uc0ac\ub294 2019. 4. 26. J\uc5d0\uac8c \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub835\uace0 \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c\uc758 \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc744 \ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \ud574\uace0\ubb34\ud6a8\ud655\uc778 \uccad\uad6c\n- **\uc7c1\uc810**: \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc131 \uc870\uce58\uc774\uba70 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc874\uc7ac\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131\uc740 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uc758 \uc874\uc7ac \uc5ec\ubd80 \ubc0f \ud574\uace0 \uc808\ucc28\uc758 \uc801\ubc95\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uac11 \uc81c4, 15, 28, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42\ud638\uc99d\uc758 \uac01 \uae30\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uac00 \uc774 \uc0ac\uac74 \ud574\uace0\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \uadf8 \ud574\uace0\uc0ac\uc720\uc778 \ubb34\ub2e8\uacb0\uadfc \ub4f1\uc744 \ud45c\uba74\uc801\uc778 \uad6c\uc2e4\ub85c \ub0b4\uc138\uc6cc \uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc870\uce58\ub97c \ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n### \uc704\uc790\ub8cc \uccad\uad6c (\uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190)\n- **\uc7c1\uc810**: J\uc758 \ubb38\uac74 \ub0ad\ub3c5 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80.\n- **\ubc95\ub9ac**: \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\ub294 \ud589\uc704\uc790\uac00 \ud5c8\uc704 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc784\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud558\uace0 \ud0c0\uc778\uc758 \uba85\uc608\ub97c \ud6fc\uc190\ud560 \uc758\ub3c4\ub85c \ud589\uc704\ub97c \ud558\uc600\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \uae30\uc900\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568.\n- **\ud310\ub2e8**: \uac11 \uc81c9, 40\ud638\uc99d\uc758 \uac01 \uae30\uc7ac\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc704 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ub2ec\ub9ac \uc774\ub97c \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\uc73c\uba70, \uc624\ud788\ub824 \uac11 \uc81c13\ud638\uc99d\uc758 \uae30\uc7ac\uc5d0 \ubcc0\ub860 \uc804\uccb4\uc758 \ucde8\uc9c0\ub97c \uc885\ud569\ud558\uba74, J\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190 \ud610\uc758 \uace0\uc18c \uc0ac\uac74\uc5d0\uc11c \ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c\uc758 \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc774 \ubd80\ubd84 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ubbfc\uc0ac\uc18c\uc1a1\ubc95 \uc81c420\uc870 \ubcf8\ubb38\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \ud574\uace0\uc758 \uc815\ub2f9\uc131 \ubc0f \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uc131 \uc785\uc99d\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4 **\uc6d0\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc99d\uba85\ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\uc74c\uc744 \uba85\ud655\ud788 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90c**.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \ud574\uace0\uac00 \ubcf4\ubcf5\uc131 \uc870\uce58\uc774\uac70\ub098 \uc9d5\uacc4\uc0ac\uc720\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 J\uc758 \ubc1c\uc5b8\uc5d0 \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190\uc758 \uace0\uc758\uac00 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\ub294 \uc810\uc744 \uc785\uc99d\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 **\ubd80\uc871\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8**\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788 \uba85\uc608\ud6fc\uc190 \ubd80\ubd84\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 **\uc774\ubbf8 \uac80\ucc30\uc5d0\uc11c \ud610\uc758\uc5c6\uc74c \ucc98\ubd84\uc774 \ub0b4\ub824\uc9c4 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uc774 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8 \uadfc\uac70**\ub85c \uc791\uc6a9\ud568."}
민사소송법 제420조 본문
검토
본 판결은 해고의 정당성 및 명예훼손의 고의성 입증에 있어 근로자에게 증명책임이 있음을 명확히 보여줌.
근로자가 제출한 증거만으로는 회사의 해고가 보복성 조치이거나 징계사유가 없다는 점, 그리고 J의 발언에 명예훼손의 고의가 있었다는 점을 입증하기에 부족하다고 판단함.
특히 명예훼손 부분에서는 이미 검찰에서 혐의없음 처분이 내려진 사실이 중요한 판단 근거로 작용함.