서울중앙지방법원 | 2019-06-13 | 2018가합524653
법원 판례 기준으로 판결요지와 원문 출처를 내부에서 확인하세요.
원문이 아닌 정리본이며, 저장된 요약의 끝부분이 잘려 있을 수 있습니다.
사직서 제출의 진의 아닌 의사표시 여부 및 해고의 정당성 판단
결과 요약
- 근로자의 사직서 제출이 진의 아닌 의사표시가 아니므로, 회사의 사직서 수리 행위는 해고에 해당하지 않음.
- 근로자의 청구를 기각함.
사실관계
- 회사는 C의 승품, 승단 심사 및 보급을 위한 교육사업 등을 목적으로 하는 단체임.
- 근로자는 2008. 12. 28. 회사에 입사하여 2017. 6. 27.까지 회사의 연수사업부장으로 근무함.
- 근로자는 2017. 6. 21. 회사에게 사직서를 제출하였고, 회사는 2017. 6. 27. 이를 수리하고 근로자를 퇴사 처리함.
- 근로자는 D(피고 임원)의 강요로 사직서를 제출하였으므로 진의 아닌 의사표시에 해당하여 무효이며, 회사의 사직서 수리는 실질적으로 부당 해고에 해당한다고 주장함.
핵심 쟁점, 법리 및 법원의 판단
사직서 제출의 진의 아닌 의사표시 여부
- 쟁점: 근로자의 사직서 제출이 D의 강요에 의한 진의 아닌 의사표시로서 무효인지 여부.
- 법리:
- 사용자가 사직의 의사 없는 근로자로 하여금 어쩔 수 없이 사직서를 작성·제출하게 한 후 이를 수리하는 경우를 제외하고는, 사용자가 사직서 제출에 따른 사직의 의사표시를 수락함으로써 근로계약관계는 합의해지에 의해 종료됨.
- 진의 아닌 의사표시에서의 '진의'는 특정한 내용의 의사표시를 하고자 하는 표의자의 생각을 말하며, 표의자가 진정으로 마음속에서 바라는 사항을 뜻하는 것은 아님.
- 표의자가 의사표시의 내용을 진정으로 마음속에서 바라지 않았더라도, 당시 상황에서 그것을 최선이라고 판단하여 의사표시를 한 경우 내심의 효과의사가 결여된 진의 아닌 의사표시라고 할 수 없음.
- 법원의 판단:
- 2017. 4.경 D에 대한 수사 절차 개시 후, D이 근로자에게 경찰 조사에서 자신에게 유리하게 진술할 것을 요구하고, 근로자가 불리하게 진술하자 D이 이를 추궁한 사실은 인정됨.
- 그러나 추궁 과정에서 D이 근로자에게 사직을 강요한 사정은 보이지 않음.
- 오히려 D의 추궁에 근로자가 "뭐 제가 사표를 쓰든지 뭐 해야겠죠."라고 먼저 사직서 제출 가능성을 언급함.
- 근로자가 D의 강요로 사직서를 제출했다는 주장은 원고 본인 또는 원고로부터 전해 들은 피고 직원들의 진술 외에 객관적인 증거가 없어 받아들이기 어려움.
확보한 수집 내용입니다. 전문 여부와 앞뒤 누락, 문단·표·공백의 원형 보존은 확인되지 않았습니다.
공식 원문 미확인
1. 원고의 청구를 기각한다. 2. 소송비용은 원고가 부담한다.
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\uc5f0\uc218\uc0ac\uc5c5\ubd80\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uadfc\ubb34\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 21. \ud53c\uace0\uc5d0\uac8c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uace0, \ud53c\uace0\ub294 2017. 6. 27. \uc774\ub97c \uc218\ub9ac\ud558\uace0 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud1f4\uc0ac \ucc98\ub9ac\ud568.\n- \uc6d0\uace0\ub294 D(\ud53c\uace0 \uc784\uc6d0)\uc758 \uac15\uc694\ub85c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uc600\uc73c\ubbc0\ub85c \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\uc5ec \ubb34\ud6a8\uc774\uba70, \ud53c\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc218\ub9ac\ub294 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\ub2f9 \ud574\uace0\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud568.\n## \ud575\uc2ec \uc7c1\uc810, \ubc95\ub9ac \ubc0f \ubc95\uc6d0\uc758 \ud310\ub2e8\n### \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc758 \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc \uc5ec\ubd80\n- **\uc7c1\uc810:** \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc774 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D\uc774 \uc6d0\uace0\ub97c \ud611\ubc15\ud558\uc5ec \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud558\uac8c \ud558\uc600\uc74c\uc744 \uc778\uc815\ud560 \uc99d\uac70\uac00 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ud610\uc758 \uc5c6\uc74c \ubd88\uae30\uc18c\uacb0\uc815\uc744 \ud568.\n- \uc124\ub839 \uc6d0\uace0\uac00 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc744 \uc9c4\uc815\uc73c\ub85c \ubc14\ub77c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4, D\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc9c1\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ucd5c\uc120\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uc9c0\ub85c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ubcf4\ub294 \uac83\uc774 \ud0c0\ub2f9\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc774\ub97c \ub0b4\uc2ec\uc758 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uacb0\uc5ec\ub41c \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6c0.\n- \ub530\ub77c\uc11c \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc740 \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub77c\uace0 \ubcf4\uae30 \uc5b4\ub824\uc6b0\ubbc0\ub85c, \uc6d0\uace0\uc758 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc740 \uc774\uc720 \uc5c6\uc74c.\n#### \uad00\ub828 \ud310\ub840 \ubc0f \ubc95\ub839\n- \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2000. 4. 25. \uc120\uace0 99\ub2e434475 \ud310\uacb0\n## \uac80\ud1a0\n- \ubcf8 \ud310\uacb0\uc740 \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c \uc81c\ucd9c\uc774 \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294\uc9c0 \uc5ec\ubd80\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4, \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \ub0b4\uc2ec\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc744 \ubc14\ub77c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\ub9cc\uc73c\ub85c\ub294 \ubd80\uc871\ud558\uace0, \ub2f9\uc2dc \uc0c1\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc774 \ucd5c\uc120\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uc5ec \uc790\ubc1c\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub97c \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc9c4\uc758 \uc544\ub2cc \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub85c \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4\ub294 \uae30\uc874 \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\ub840\uc758 \ubc95\ub9ac\ub97c \uc7ac\ud655\uc778\ud568.\n- \ud2b9\ud788, \uc0ac\uc9c1 \uac15\uc694 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70 \uc720\ubb34, \uacfc\uac70 \uad00\ub828 \uc18c\uc1a1 \ubc0f \uc218\uc0ac \uacb0\uacfc \ub4f1\uc744 \uc885\ud569\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uace0\ub824\ud558\uc5ec \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368, \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uc758 \uc77c\ubc29\uc801\uc778 \uc8fc\uc7a5\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uac1d\uad00\uc801 \uc0ac\uc2e4\uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uae30\ubc18\ud55c \ud310\ub2e8\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud568.\n- \uadfc\ub85c\uc790\uac00 \uc0ac\uc9c1\uc11c\ub97c \uc81c\ucd9c\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0, \uadf8 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\uc131\uc744 \ub2e4\ud22c\uae30 \uc704\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uac15\uc694\ub97c \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub118\uc5b4, \uc774\ub97c \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uac1d\uad00\uc801\uc778 \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc81c\uc2dc\ud574\uc57c \ud568\uc744 \uc2dc\uc0ac\ud568."}
- 근로자는 동일한 이유로 직원지위확인가처분을 신청하였으나, 서울중앙지방법원은 2017. 11. 8. 사직서 제출이 강요에 의한 것이라는 소명 자료가 없다는 이유로 신청을 기각하였고, 위 결정은 근로자에게 송달됨.
- 근로자는 D을 강요죄 등으로 고소하였으나, 서울중앙지방검찰청은 2017. 12. 27. D이 근로자를 협박하여 사직서를 제출하게 하였음을 인정할 증거가 없다는 이유로 혐의 없음 불기소결정을 함.
- 설령 근로자가 사직을 진정으로 바라지 않았더라도, D과의 관계를 고려하여 당시 상황에서 사직하는 것이 최선이라고 판단하여 본인의 의지로 사직서를 제출했다고 보는 것이 타당하므로, 이를 내심의 효과의사가 결여된 진의 아닌 의사표시로 보기 어려움.
- 따라서 근로자의 사직서 제출은 진의 아닌 의사표시라고 보기 어려우므로, 근로자의 주장은 이유 없음.
관련 판례 및 법령
- 대법원 2000. 4. 25. 선고 99다34475 판결
검토
- 본 판결은 근로자의 사직서 제출이 진의 아닌 의사표시에 해당하는지 여부를 판단함에 있어, 단순히 내심의 의사가 사직을 바라지 않았다는 것만으로는 부족하고, 당시 상황에서 사직이 최선이라고 판단하여 자발적으로 의사표시를 한 경우 진의 아닌 의사표시로 볼 수 없다는 기존 대법원 판례의 법리를 재확인함.
- 특히, 사직 강요 주장에 대한 객관적인 증거 유무, 과거 관련 소송 및 수사 결과 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 판단함으로써, 근로자의 일방적인 주장이 아닌 객관적 사실관계에 기반한 판단의 중요성을 강조함.
- 근로자가 사직서를 제출한 경우, 그 의사표시의 진정성을 다투기 위해서는 단순히